Short occipital circulation time derived from quantitative digital subtraction angiography is associated with headache risk in patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations.

Purpose: To explored key angiographic markers associated with headache risk in patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with unruptured, supratentorial BAVMs without prior interventions who underwent digital subtraction angiography between January 2011 and January 2024. The patients were stratified into headache and nonheadache groups on the basis of symptoms at initial presentation.

Gamma knife radiosurgery for breast cancer brain metastasis: survival outcomes, prognotic factors, and the role of repeat treatment.

Purpose: This study evaluated prognostic factors and longitudinal outcomes associated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in treating brain metastases from breast cancer, and assessed the efficacy of repeated GKRS in prolonging intracranial disease control.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed 159 breast cancer patients involving 640 brain metastases who underwent GKRS at a tertiary medical center. Overall survival (OS), local control (LC), and distant intracranial control were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Repeated stereotactic radiosurgery for high grade meningioma.

Background And Objectives: Atypical and anaplastic meningioma (World Health organization [WHO] Grades II and III) present therapeutic challenges due to their aggressive behavior and high risk of recurrence. This study addressed the lack of data related to the effectiveness and safety of repeated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in managing high-grade recurrent or residual meningioma.

Methods: This study analyzed data extracted from the medical records of 112 patients (mean age of 57.

Outcome Evaluation of Volume-Staged Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background And Objectives: Single-session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has limited role for large arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Volume-staged SRS (VS-SRS) is used to optimize outcomes, but studies reporting results are limited.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort of 378 patients from 21 centers reports results of VS-SRS for the entire AVM nidus.

Quantitative angiographic markers associated with symptomatic radiation-induced changes in supratentorial brain arteriovenous malformations after radiosurgery.

Objectives: Radiation-induced changes (RICs) may cause neurological deficits in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) after radiosurgery. The present study investigated quantitative angiographic markers contributing to symptomatic RICs.

Materials And Methods: A total of 131 patients with supratentorial BAVMs who had not received prior treatment and underwent radiosurgery between 2011 and 2020 were included.

Deep learning for automated segmentation of radiation-induced changes in cerebral arteriovenous malformations following radiosurgery.

Background: Despite the widespread use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to treat cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), this procedure can lead to radiation-induced changes (RICs) in the surrounding brain tissue. Volumetric assessment of RICs is crucial for therapy planning and monitoring. RICs that appear as hyper-dense areas in magnetic resonance T2-weighted (T2w) images are clearly identifiable; however, physicians lack tools for the segmentation and quantification of these areas.

Clinical outcomes following stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases from sarcoma primaries: An international multicenter analysis.

Background: There is a paucity of data on treatment outcomes following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases from sarcoma primaries.

Methods: The International Radiosurgery Research Foundation member-sites were queried for patients with brain metastases from sarcoma primaries treated with SRS. Overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) were calculated via Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Outcomes After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Hemangioblastoma in Von Hippel-Lindau Disease and Sporadic Cases: An International Multicenter Study.

Background And Objectives: Hemangioblastomas (HGBs) are rare, benign, World Health Organization grade 1 vascular tumors, which are most commonly located in the cerebellum, and may occur sporadically or in association with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, a hereditary VHL-mutated tumor syndrome. Limited data are available regarding factors affecting outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). We aim to provide a contemporary evaluation of SRS for HGBs through an international, multicenter study.

Stereotactic radiosurgery versus observation for intracranial low-grade dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Background: Given the low haemorrhagic risk of intracranial low-grade dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs), the benefits of routine intervention remain controversial. This study compares patient outcomes treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) versus conservative management.

Method: Multicentre retrospective analysis of the Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research and the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation data.

A comparison of outcomes after radiosurgery in non-small cell lung cancer patients with one versus more than twenty brain metastases: an international multi-center study.

Background: Whether the number or cumulative volume of brain metastases affects survival in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We conducted a volume matched multi-center study to determine whether patients with a single metastasis had better outcomes than patients with > 20 brain metastases.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2022, 317 NSCLC patients (21.

Auto-segmentation of cerebral cavernous malformations using a convolutional neural network.

Background: This paper presents a deep learning model for the automated segmentation of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs).

Methods: The model was trained using treatment planning data from 199 Gamma Knife (GK) exams, comprising 171 cases with a single CCM and 28 cases with multiple CCMs. The training data included initial MRI images with target CCM regions manually annotated by neurosurgeons.

Repeated stereotactic radiosurgery for residual intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Objective: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is widely used for the treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs); however, the outcomes of repeated SRS to deal with residual DAVFs are unclear. This study assessed the benefits and potential negative consequences of repeated SRS in patients with residual DAVFs.

Methods: This retrospective study examined all patients who underwent two SRS procedures for DAVFs in a single academic medical center between January 1998 and December 2022.

Deep learning for automated segmentation of brain edema in meningioma after radiosurgery.

Background: Although gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is commonly used to treat benign brain tumors, such as meningioma, irradiating the surrounding brain tissue can lead to perifocal edema within a few months after the procedure. Volumetric assessment of perifocal edema is crucial for therapy planning and monitoring. Post-radiosurgery changes in perifocal edema, appearing as hyper-dense areas in magnetic resonance T2-weighted (T2w) images, are clearly identifiable; however, physicians lack tools to segment and quantify the volume of these T2w hyper-dense areas.

International multicenter study of stereotactic radiosurgery for bladder cancer brain metastases.

Purpose: Bladder cancer rarely metastasizes to the brain. This study was performed to evaluate stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the management of bladder cancer brain metastases.

Methods: Cases of bladder cancer brain metastases treated with SRS were collected by members of the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation (IRRF) and outcome data was analyzed for patients with at least one clinical or imaging follow-up.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for World Health Organization Grade 2 and 3 Oligodendroglioma: An International Multicenter Study.

Background And Objectives: Oligodendrogliomas are primary brain tumors classified as isocitrate deshydrogenase-mutant and 1p19q codeleted in the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of central nervous system tumors. Surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are well-established management options for these tumors. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for oligodendroglioma.

Clinical outcomes and cost-utility analysis of GKRS plus TKIs versus TKIs in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases: a Markov decision model.

Objective: This study focuses on epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated lung adenocarcinoma, known for frequent brain metastasis. It aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of combining Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (GKRS+TKI group) versus TKIs alone (TKI group) for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed brain metastasis in this condition.

Methods: Study characteristics of the two groups were matched using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

Performance of Convolutional Neural Network Models in Meningioma Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Meningioma, the most common primary brain tumor, presents significant challenges in MRI-based diagnosis and treatment planning due to its diverse manifestations. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of meningioma segmentation from MRI scans. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the effectiveness of CNN models in segmenting meningioma using MRI.

Local control and patient survival after stereotactic radiosurgery for esophageal cancer brain metastases: an international multicenter analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate local control (LC) of tumors, patient overall survival (OS), and the safety of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for esophageal cancer brain metastases (EBMs).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from 15 International Radiosurgery Research Foundation facilities encompassing 67 patients with 185 EBMs managed using SRS between January 2000 and May 2022. The median patient age was 63 years, with a male predominance (92.

Computational Modeling and AI in Radiation Neuro-Oncology and Radiosurgery.

The chapter explores the extensive integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare systems, with a specific focus on its application in stereotactic radiosurgery. The rapid evolution of AI technology has led to promising developments in this field, particularly through the utilization of machine learning and deep learning models. The diverse implementation of AI algorithms was developed from various aspects of radiosurgery, including the successful detection of spontaneous tumors and the automated delineation or segmentation of lesions.

Long-Term Outcomes of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pineocytomas: An International Multicenter Study.

Background And Objectives: Pineocytomas are grade 1 tumors arising from the pineal parenchyma. Gross total resection can potentially cure these benign lesions but can be associated with morbidity. This study was designed to provide multi-institutional data to evaluate the results of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pineocytomas.

Efficacy and safety of a third stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent trigeminal neuralgia: an international, multicenter study.

Background And Objectives: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating facial pain disorder, often necessitating surgical interventions when medication proves insufficient. Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) is an established therapeutic option. Limited studies explored the feasibility of a third SRS procedure.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Objective: Anterior cranial fossa (ACF) dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are notoriously malignant vascular abnormalities, and their drainage into the cortical vein poses a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly seen as an alternative to microsurgery or embolization for the treatment of DAVFs; however, researchers have yet to report on its applicability to ACF DAVFs. This paper summarizes the authors' experience in the use of SRS for ACF DAVFs.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases from human epidermal receptor 2 positive breast Cancer: an international, multi-center study.

Purpose: To report patient outcomes and local tumor control rates in a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven HER-2 positive breast cancer treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BM).

Methods: This international, retrospective, multicenter study, included 195 female patients with 1706 SRS-treated BM. Radiologic and clinical outcomes after SRS were determined and prognostic factors identified.

Risk of new tumor, carotid stenosis, and stroke after stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary tumor: A multicenter study of 2254 patients with imaging follow-up.

Background: A higher risk of secondary brain tumor, carotid stenosis, and stroke has been reported after conventional sella irradiation for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), which is a more focused approach, is now increasingly used instead. The aim was to assess the risk of secondary brain tumor, carotid stenosis/occlusion, and stroke after SRS.