A Case Report of Stent-Assisted Coiling with One-and-a-Half-Lap Approach for Basilar Artery Fenestration Aneurysm.

Objective: Fenestrated basilar artery aneurysms (fBA-ANs) typically arise at the proximal bifurcation of the fenestration limb. It is reported that endovascular treatment with conventional coil embolization or balloon-assisted embolization techniques is often challenging and associated with a high complication rate, especially for wide-neck fBA-ANs. We present a case of fBA-AN successfully treated with stent-assisted coil (SAC) embolization using a novel one-and-a-half-lap approach with an open-cell stent, ensuring reliable neck coverage while preserving parent artery patency.

An Atypical Cystic Renal Mass in a Patient with IgG4-Related Kidney Disease: A Case Report.

We herein report a case of IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) with an atypical cystic renal mass in a 73-year-old man. Computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse renal enlargement and a cystic mass in the left kidney. Blood tests revealed elevated IgG and IgG4 levels.

Intraoperative aneurysm flow analysis predicts intracranial large and giant aneurysm occlusion after flow diversion.

Objectives: Incompletely occluded flow-diverter (FD)-treated aneurysms are at risk of rupture and thromboembolic complications; however, intraoperative prediction of FD treatment outcomes has not yet been established. In this study, we investigated the association between intraoperative aneurysm flow analysis, using optical flow imaging, and FD treatment outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included patients with large unruptured internal carotid artery aneurysms (≥ 10 mm) who underwent FD treatment.

Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells attenuate the cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats.

Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are non-tumorigenic pluripotent- like stem cells that can migrate to damaged sites and contribute to tissue repair. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), which mimics vascular dementia, causes hippocampal neuronal degeneration and white matter (WM) damage, which lead to cognitive dysfunction. Currently, there are no effective treatments for it.

Structure and thickness of Glisson's capsule differ considerably on the liver surface in mammalian species.

Glisson's sheath is the connective tissue ensheathing the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct within the liver. Although the connective tissue surrounding the liver surface is known as Glisson's capsule, its structure and function are poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed mouse, rat, rabbit, feline, canine, monkey, porcine, bovine, and equine livers by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry analysis of α-smooth muscle actin, keratin 19, and podoplanin and examined how the structure of the Glisson's capsule is conserved and differs among the nine species.

A First Case Report of Autoimmune Acquired Factor V Deficiency After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 mRNA Vaccination at the Time of Initiating Haemodialysis.

A 73-year-old Japanese man with chronic kidney disease had no history of abnormal clotting or bleeding. Six days after receiving his third dose of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine (BNT162b2; Pfizer/BioNTech), blood tests showed a marked prolongation of the prothrombin time-international normalised ratio and activated partial thromboplastin time, as well as a decrease in factor V (FV) activity. Three months later, he required dialysis owing to worsening heart and renal failure.

Methylobacterium populi Peritonitis Associated with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis.

Methylobacterium populi is a fastidious, pink-pigmented, Gram-negative bacterium that has been isolated from poplar trees that are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere in both temperate and subtropical regions. Herein, we report a novel case of M. populi peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

Retrospective database study on risk factors for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic kidney disease in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus.

Aims/introduction: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Identifying these factors could provide insights into the shared and distinct mechanisms contributing to these complications in the diabetic population.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the J-DREAMS (Japan Diabetes compREhensive database project based on an Advanced electronic Medical record System) database, which is directly linked to electronic medical records.

Molecular and Functional Alterations in the Cerebral Microvasculature in an Optimized Mouse Model of Sepsis-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction.

Systemic inflammation has been implicated in the development and progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as cognitive impairment and dementia. Recent clinical studies indicate an association between sepsis, endothelial dysfunction, and cognitive decline. However, the investigations of the role and therapeutic potential of the cerebral microvasculature in sepsis-induced cognitive dysfunction have been limited by the lack of standardized experimental models for evaluating the alterations in the cerebral microvasculature and cognition induced by the systemic inflammatory response.

Prophylactic management of cerebral vasospasm with clazosentan in real clinical practice: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Clazosentan, a selective endothelin receptor subtype A antagonist, reduces vasospasm-related morbidity and all-cause mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the Japanese population, as demonstrated by a recent randomized phase 3 trial. However, evidence to suggest clazosentan should be prioritized over the current standard of care to prevent cerebral vasospasm is still lacking. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy and safety of clazosentan in comparison with conventional postoperative management in real-world clinical practice.

Molecular and functional alterations in the cerebral microvasculature in an optimized mouse model of sepsis-associated cognitive dysfunction.

Unlabelled: Systemic inflammation has been implicated in the development and progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as cognitive impairment and dementia. Recent clinical studies indicate an association between sepsis, endothelial dysfunction, and cognitive decline. However, the investigations of the role and therapeutic potential of the cerebral microvasculature in systemic inflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction have been limited by the lack of standardized experimental models for evaluating the alterations in the cerebral microvasculature and cognition induced by the systemic inflammatory response.

Waveform Analysis of STA-MCA Bypass graft in Revascularization Surgery for Moyamoya Disease.

Background: Postoperative hyperperfusion syndrome (PHS) is a well-known complication following superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass for moyamoya disease (MMD). The early detection of postoperative radiological hyperperfusion (PRH), characterized by a transient increase in local cerebral blood flow (CBF), is crucial for the early diagnosis of PHS. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of waveform analysis for early PRH detection.

[Craniotomy Clipping for Cerebral Aneurysms].

Preoperative simulation is essential to safely complete neurosurgical procedures. A vascular-oriented approach is important in cerebrovascular disorder surgery, considering anatomical variations among individuals. Particularly, subarachnoid hemorrhage surgery requires a detailed simulation of a safe dissection procedure, considering the rupture point of the aneurysm, and combined computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging images with cerebral angiography can be useful.

Increased ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a cryptogenic inflammatory bowel disease, and there is an urgent need to elucidate its pathogenesis. ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the entry molecules of SARS-CoV-2, are reportedly associated with the disease; however, no consensus has been reached yet. In this study, we examined the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in colon and rectal specimens of UC.

The Histological Detection of Ulcerative Colitis Using a No-Code Artificial Intelligence Model.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intractable disease that affects young adults. Histological findings are essential for its diagnosis; however, the number of diagnostic pathologists is limited. Herein, we used a no-code artificial intelligence (AI) platform "Teachable Machine" to train a model that could distinguish between histological images of UC, non-UC coloproctitis, adenocarcinoma, and control.

Visualization of the lenticulostriate arteries, long insular arteries, and long medullary arteries on intra-arterial computed tomography angiography with ultrahigh resolution in patients with glioma.

Purpose: The anatomical association between the lesion and the perforating arteries supplying the pyramidal tract in insulo-opercular glioma resection should be evaluated. This study reported a novel method combining the intra-arterial administration of contrast medium and ultrahigh-resolution computed tomography angiography (UHR-IA-CTA) for visualizing the lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs), long insular arteries (LIAs), and long medullary arteries (LMAs) that supply the pyramidal tract in two patients with insulo-opercular glioma.

Methods: This method was performed by introducing a catheter to the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery.

Convergent genomic diversity and novel BCAA metabolism in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Driver alterations may represent novel candidates for driver gene-guided therapy; however, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with multiple genomic aberrations makes them intractable. Therefore, the pathogenesis and metabolic changes of ICC need to be understood to develop new treatment strategies. We aimed to unravel the evolution of ICC and identify ICC-specific metabolic characteristics to investigate the metabolic pathway associated with ICC development using multiregional sampling to encompass the intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity.

Molecular profiling of the stroke-induced alterations in the cerebral microvasculature reveals promising therapeutic candidates.

Stroke-induced cerebral microvascular dysfunction contributes to aggravation of neuronal injury and compromises the efficacy of current reperfusion therapies. Understanding the molecular alterations in cerebral microvessels in stroke will provide original opportunities for scientific investigation of novel therapeutic strategies. Toward this goal, using a recently optimized method which minimizes cell activation and preserves endothelial cell interactions and RNA integrity, we conducted a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of cerebral microvessels in a mouse model of stroke and compared these transcriptomic alterations with the ones observed in human, nonfatal, brain stroke lesions.

Vascular oxidative stress causes neutrophil arrest in brain capillaries, leading to decreased cerebral blood flow and contributing to memory impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Introduction: In this study, we explore the role of oxidative stress produced by NOX2-containing NADPH oxidase as a molecular mechanism causing capillary stalling and cerebral blood flow deficits in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD.

Methods: We inhibited NOX2 in APP/PS1 mice by administering a 10 mg/kg dose of the peptide inhibitor gp91-ds-tat i.p.

Aberrant MUC Immunohistochemical Expressions in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) are cryptogenic inflammatory bowel diseases that are suggestive of aberrant mucin (MUC) expression; however, their relationship remains unclear. Here, we examined aberrant MUC expression in intestinal samples from UC and CD patients in comparison to samples from patients with ischemic colitis and control groups. To study the expression of MUC1 , MUC5AC , and MUC6 in different patient groups, we reviewed the slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin and performed immunohistochemistry.

Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Merlon Shape: Novel Fixation of Artificial Bone for Cranioplasty.

Background: Cranioplasty is a surgical procedure widely performed for repairing cranial defects caused by external decompression surgery for cerebrovascular disease or traumatic brain injury. We devised a new cranioplasty method using artificial bone made up of ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene, with serrated wings on the edge. We named this newly designed artificial bone as Merlon shape.

Fatal Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a Pregnant Woman with Inherited Antithrombin Deficiency after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination.

Antithrombin deficiency is a high-risk factor for venous thromboembolism during pregnancy, whereas cerebral venous thrombosis is rare. Cerebral venous thrombosis related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been reported; however, there are a few reports of cerebral venous thrombosis after a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination. A 25-year-old female in her sixth week of pregnancy presented with headache 24 days after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.

Efficacy of arterial spin labeling for detection of the ruptured micro-arteriovenous malformation: illustrative cases.

Background: Diagnosis of a microarteriovenous malformation (micro-AVM) is difficult, especially in the acute stage of rupture because of the small size of the nidus and the existence of hematoma. We report two cases of ruptured micro-AVMs detected by arterial spin labeling (ASL).

Observations: In one case, a 45-year-old male was transported with a complaint of right hemiparesis.