Establishment of human trophoblast stem cells from term smooth chorion.

Introduction: Human trophoblast stem (TS) cells derived from first-trimester placental villi (TS) and blastocyst (TS) are valuable for studying placental development and pathobiology. However, most placenta-mediated pregnancy complications are diagnosed in the third-trimester, and there are limited reports on TS cells from the third-trimester placental tissues. In this study, we report the successful derivation of TS cells from the term smooth chorion.

Structure and thickness of Glisson's capsule differ considerably on the liver surface in mammalian species.

Glisson's sheath is the connective tissue ensheathing the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct within the liver. Although the connective tissue surrounding the liver surface is known as Glisson's capsule, its structure and function are poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed mouse, rat, rabbit, feline, canine, monkey, porcine, bovine, and equine livers by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry analysis of α-smooth muscle actin, keratin 19, and podoplanin and examined how the structure of the Glisson's capsule is conserved and differs among the nine species.

Wnt signaling activation confers a syncytiotrophoblast progenitor state on trophoblast stem cells of cynomolgus monkey†.

Trophoblast stem cells, derived from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst, are used as an in vitro model to reveal the mechanisms underlying placentation in mammals. In humans, suitable culture conditions for trophoblast stem cell derivation have recently been established. The established human trophoblast stem cells differentiate efficiently toward two trophoblast subtypes: syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts.

The Dual-Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vector with VSV-G and Sendai Virus HN Enhances Infection Efficiency through the Synergistic Effect of the Envelope Proteins.

A gene delivery system utilizing lentiviral vectors (LVs) requires high transduction efficiency for successful application in human gene therapy. Pseudotyping allows viral tropism to be expanded, widening the usage of LVs. While vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) single-pseudotyped LVs are commonly used, dual-pseudotyping is less frequently employed because of its increased complexity.

Fructose overconsumption accelerates renal dysfunction with aberrant glomerular endothelial-mesangial cell interactions in db/db mice.

For the advancement of DKD treatment, identifying unrecognized residual risk factors is essential. We explored the impact of obesity diversity derived from different carbohydrate qualities, with an emphasis on the increasing trend of excessive fructose consumption and its effect on DKD progression. In this study, we utilized db/db mice to establish a novel diabetic model characterized by fructose overconsumption, aiming to uncover the underlying mechanisms of renal damage.

Null mutation of exocyst complex component 3-like does not affect vascular development in mice.

Exocyst is an octameric protein complex implicated in exocytosis. The exocyst complex is highly conserved among mammalian species, but the physiological function of each subunit in exocyst remains unclear. Previously, we identified exocyst complex component 3-like (Exoc3l) as a gene abundantly expressed in embryonic endothelial cells and implicated in the process of angiogenesis in human umbilical cord endothelial cells.

Similarities and differences in placental development between humans and cynomolgus monkeys.

Background: The placenta is an extraembryonic organ, which is essential to maintain a normal pregnancy. However, placental development in humans is poorly understood because of technical and ethical reasons.

Methods: We analyzed the anatomical localization of each trophoblastic subtype in the cynomolgus monkey placenta by immunohistochemistry in the early second trimester.

Essential Roles of on Cardiovascular Development in Mice.

Angiogenesis is a process to generate new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels and to maintain vessels, and plays critical roles in normal development and disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying angiogenesis are not fully understood. This study examined the roles of during development in mice.

Intersection of regulatory pathways controlling hemostasis and hemochorial placentation.

Hemochorial placentation is characterized by the development of trophoblast cells specialized to interact with the uterine vascular bed. We utilized trophoblast stem (TS) cell and mutant rat models to investigate regulatory mechanisms controlling trophoblast cell development. TS cell differentiation was characterized by acquisition of transcript signatures indicative of an endothelial cell-like phenotype, which was highlighted by the expression of anticoagulation factors including tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI).

Establishment of macaque trophoblast stem cell lines derived from cynomolgus monkey blastocysts.

The placenta forms a maternal-fetal junction that supports many physiological functions such as the supply of nutrition and exchange of gases and wastes. Establishing an in vitro culture model of human and non-human primate trophoblast stem/progenitor cells is important for investigating the process of early placental development and trophoblast differentiation. In this study, we have established five trophoblast stem cell (TSC) lines from cynomolgus monkey blastocysts, named macTSC #1-5.

Ultra-Deep Bisulfite Sequencing to Detect Specific DNA Methylation Patterns of Minor Cell Types in Heterogeneous Cell Populations: An Example of the Pituitary Tissue.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification important for cell fate determination and cell type-specific gene expression. Transcriptional regulatory regions of the mammalian genome contain a large number of tissue/cell type-dependent differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs) with DNA methylation patterns crucial for transcription of the corresponding genes. In general, tissues consist of multiple cell types in various proportions, making it difficult to detect T-DMRs of minor cell types in tissues.