Comparison of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-related apoptosis factors between preterm and full-term rats.

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the degree of apoptosis and the pathways leading to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) between preterm and full-term rat pups. To achieve this goal, we investigated the pathogenesis of NEC. premature Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rat pups delivered by cesarean section at a gestational age of 21 days (preterm group), as well as full-term SD rat pups four days after birth (full-term group).

A single center experience on clinical outcome of fundoplication in pediatric patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and operative-related factors in children who underwent fundoplication, analyze surgical outcomes categorized by disease entity and surgical indication, and identify prognostic factors for reoperation risk.

Methods: A total of 109 pediatric patients who underwent fundoplication between 2008 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped by disease entity and surgical indication.

Comparison of conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in congenital diaphragmatic hernias: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Outcomes of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) were compared through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Outcome measures included mortality and incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were evaluated.

Suppressive role of vascular endothelial growth factor on intestinal apoptosis in induced necrotizing enterocolitis in rats.

Purpose: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that can cause mortality in preterm babies. NEC may develop through an apoptotic pathway that is known to be inhibited by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This study determined whether VEGF exerted a protective effect against the development of NEC and apoptosis in rats.

Application of additional three-dimensional materials for education in pediatric anatomy.

We conducted this study to investigate the effects of additional education using 3D visualization (3DV) and 3D printing (3DP) after applying 2D images for anatomical education in normal pediatric structures and congenital anomalies. For the production of 3DV and 3DP of the anatomical structures, computed tomography (CT) images of the four topics (the normal upper/lower abdomen, choledochal cyst, and imperforate anus) were used. Anatomical self-education and tests were administered to a total of 15 third-year medical students with these modules.

Application of 3D printing technology for pre-operative evaluation, education and informed consent in pediatric retroperitoneal tumors.

To investigate usefulness of 3D printing for preoperative evaluations, student and resident education, and communication with parents or guardians of patients with pediatric retroperitoneal tumors. Ten patients planning retroperitoneal tumor resection between March and November 2019 were included. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) images were used for 3D reconstruction and printing.

Clinical course in children with equivocal appendicitis on computed tomography: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Appendectomy is one of the most common surgeries in children. Although various radiological examinations are performed, they do not always reveal a definitive diagnosis of appendicitis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical course of equivocal appendicitis, identify the factors associated with appendectomy, and suggest appropriate management for these patients.

Clinical Course of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Lymphadenitis.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination can cause lymphadenitis. The purpose of the current study was to describe patient characteristics and clinical courses of lymphadenitis associated with BCG vaccination. A total of 171 patients who visited a tertiary hospital with a diagnosis of BCG-associated lymphadenitis between January 2012 and June 2017 were included.

A 17-year experience on bilaterality of ovarian germ cell tumors in pediatric population and its clinical implications: A single-center study.

Background: Since the incidence of ovarian germ cell tumor (GCT) in pediatric population is low, there is little information regarding this tumor. A synchronous and metachronous bilateral mass is not infrequently observed in GCT patients. It is important to prevent early ovarian failure and preserve fertility.

Characteristics of Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Is It Different from Medical Necrotizing Enterocolitis? A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

(1) Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the leading causes of death in newborns despite improvements in the care of critically ill neonates. Approximately 50-70% of the cases are managed by medical therapy. However, the remaining patients require surgical intervention.

Malignant pancreatic tumor other than solid pseudopapillary tumor in pediatric patients: A single-center experience.

Pancreatic tumors, except solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs), are rare in pediatric patients. Herein, we report various types of pancreatic tumors in pediatric patients and review the literature regarding their treatments and prognosis.We retrospectively reviewed the data of pediatric patients who underwent surgery for pancreatic tumors, excluding SPTs, between January 2009 and December 2019 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital.

Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction.

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is an extremely rare condition with symptoms of recurrent intestinal obstruction without any lesions. The outcomes of pediatric CIPO and predictors for the outcomes have not yet been well established. We analyzed the clinical outcomes and associated factors for the outcomes of pediatric CIPO.

Incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in South Korea from 2007 to 2017.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the trends of the incidence of and mortality from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in South Korea.

Methods: Claim data were extracted with diagnosis code, including all stage of NEC. Kaplan-Meier curves for cumulative mortality rates are presented by birth weight (Bwt) and gestational age (GA).

Comparison of long-term biliary complications between open and laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision in children.

Purpose: Cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy has been the classic procedure for treating choledochal cysts, and the use of laparoscopic treatment has been favored recently. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term biliary complication of laparoscopic operation with open surgery for choledochal cyst presenting in children.

Methods: A retrospective study comparing the laparoscopic and open procedures was performed in 185 patients with choledochal cyst in a single children's hospital.

Impact of hospital size on the outcomes of appendectomy in children: an analysis of a comprehensive nationwide pediatric dataset.

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes after appendectomy in children according to hospital size.

Methods: The records of 11,565 patients with the diagnosis-related group code for appendectomy were extracted from HIRA-Pediatric Patient Sample from 2012 to 2016. The number of hospital visits and the length of stay in hospital within 30 days after appendectomy were analyzed.

Analysis of Associated Anomalies in Anorectal Malformation: Major and Minor Anomalies.

Background: Fifty to sixty percent of patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) have at least one associated anomaly (AA). We determined the incidence of AA with the subtypes of ARM classified in accordance with the Krickenbeck classification and analyzed differences in the incidence rates of major and minor AAs according to organ system.

Methods: From January 1999 to May 2017, we retrospectively analyzed congenital anomalies in patients who underwent an anoplasty for ARM at our institution.

Risk factors of meconium-related ileus in very low birth weight infants: patients-control study.

Very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates experience various problems, including meconium-related ileus (MRI). This study investigated the risk factors of MRI and surgical MRI in VLBW infants. VLBW neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Seoul National University Children's Hospital from October 2002 to September 2016 were included in the study.

The Patients with Hirschsprung's Disease Who Underwent Pull-Through at Age Less than 1 Year: Longitudinal Bowel Function.

Background: Frequent stooling immediately after pull-through (PT), fecal soiling, and constipation are chronic complications of Hirschsprung's disease (HD). This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal outcomes in terms of bowel function of patients below the age of 1 year undergoing PT.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 396 patients who underwent PT for HD between September 1979 and March 2014.

Comparison of Acute Abdominal Surgical Outcomes of Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Neonates according to Differential Diagnosis.

Background: Improvements in perinatal intensive care have improved survival of extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) neonates, although the risk of acute abdomen has increased. The differential diagnosis resulting in abdominal surgery can be categorized into necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP), meconium-related ileus (MRI), and meconium non-related ileus (MNRI). The purpose of this study was to review our experience with abdominal surgery for ELBW neonates, and to evaluate characteristics and prognosis according to the differential diagnosis.

Experiences of Rectovaginal Fistula in Anorectal Malformation.

Background: Rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) are very rare malformations in females with anorectal malformations (ARMs). Here, we share the clinical features of RVF and report the long-term outcomes.

Methods: RVF patients were classified using a retrospective analysis of ARM patients who underwent operations at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1999 and May 2017.

Pediatric minimally invasive surgery for malignant abdominal tumor: Single center experience.

This study examined the safety and usefulness of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for malignant abdominal tumors in pediatric patients and analyzed the factors affecting the resection margin, operative time, and hospital stay of neuroblastoma (NBL) patients.We retrospectively reviewed data of pediatric patients who underwent MIS for malignant abdominal tumors from January 2011 to June 2017 at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Sex; age at operation; diagnosis; tumor location; operation-related data, such as operation time and transfusion; and follow-up data were reviewed.

Pediatric Adenocarcinoma in Korea: A Multicenter Study.

Purpose: Adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignancy in the pediatric population. Research regarding pediatric adenocarcinoma is very rare in Korea. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of pediatric adenocarcinomas of various primary organ sites in Korea.