Comparison of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-related apoptosis factors between preterm and full-term rats.

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the degree of apoptosis and the pathways leading to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) between preterm and full-term rat pups. To achieve this goal, we investigated the pathogenesis of NEC. premature Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rat pups delivered by cesarean section at a gestational age of 21 days (preterm group), as well as full-term SD rat pups four days after birth (full-term group).

Clinical challenges and outcomes of thoracoscopic open repair in esophageal atresia: a single-center retrospective comparative study.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between thoracoscopic surgery (TR) and open surgery (OR) for esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula (EA with distal TEF) and to evaluate the feasibility of TR.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 42 patients who underwent primary surgery for EA with distal TEF from January 2012 to December 2020. We compared the OR and TR groups based on patient characteristics, intraoperative outcomes, and early and late postoperative outcomes.

A single center experience on clinical outcome of fundoplication in pediatric patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and operative-related factors in children who underwent fundoplication, analyze surgical outcomes categorized by disease entity and surgical indication, and identify prognostic factors for reoperation risk.

Methods: A total of 109 pediatric patients who underwent fundoplication between 2008 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped by disease entity and surgical indication.

Attenuation of esophageal anastomotic stricture through remote ischemic conditioning in a rat model.

Anastomotic stricture is a typical complication of esophageal atresia surgery. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has demonstrated multiorgan benefits, however, its efficacy in the esophagus remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether applying RIC after esophageal resection and anastomosis in rats could attenuate esophageal stricture and improve inflammation.

Robotic surgeries in pediatric patients: an early experience in a single center.

Purpose: Robotic surgery (RS) has the advantages of 3-dimensional view, optical magnification, motional scaling, and improved ergonomics and degree of freedom. Although RS has widely been performed on pediatric patients lately, there are still numerous restrictions and ambiguous indications. The purpose of this study was to report our early experience with RS on pediatric patients at a single center.

Soft, Long-Lived, Bioresorbable Electronic Surgical Mesh with Wireless Pressure Monitor and On-Demand Drug Delivery.

Current research in the area of surgical mesh implants is somewhat limited to traditional designs and synthesis of various mesh materials, whereas meshes with multiple functions may be an effective approach to address long-standing challenges including postoperative complications. Herein, a bioresorbable electronic surgical mesh is presented that offers high mechanical strength over extended timeframes, wireless post-operative pressure monitoring, and on-demand drug delivery for the restoration of tissue structure and function. The study of materials and mesh layouts provides a wide range of tunability of mechanical and biochemical properties.

Application of additional three-dimensional materials for education in pediatric anatomy.

We conducted this study to investigate the effects of additional education using 3D visualization (3DV) and 3D printing (3DP) after applying 2D images for anatomical education in normal pediatric structures and congenital anomalies. For the production of 3DV and 3DP of the anatomical structures, computed tomography (CT) images of the four topics (the normal upper/lower abdomen, choledochal cyst, and imperforate anus) were used. Anatomical self-education and tests were administered to a total of 15 third-year medical students with these modules.

Application of 3D printing technology for pre-operative evaluation, education and informed consent in pediatric retroperitoneal tumors.

To investigate usefulness of 3D printing for preoperative evaluations, student and resident education, and communication with parents or guardians of patients with pediatric retroperitoneal tumors. Ten patients planning retroperitoneal tumor resection between March and November 2019 were included. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) images were used for 3D reconstruction and printing.

Clinical course in children with equivocal appendicitis on computed tomography: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Appendectomy is one of the most common surgeries in children. Although various radiological examinations are performed, they do not always reveal a definitive diagnosis of appendicitis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical course of equivocal appendicitis, identify the factors associated with appendectomy, and suggest appropriate management for these patients.

Long-Term Survival Outcomes beyond the First Year after Liver Transplantation in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Compared with Biliary Atresia: A Large-Volume Living Donor Liver Transplantation Single-Center Study.

Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a common cause of liver transplantation (LT) but showed poor post-LT outcomes. We reviewed 36 PALF patients and 120 BA patients who underwent LT in our institution. The cause of PALF was unknown in 66.

Multiple intussusceptions after blunt abdominal trauma in a 9-year-old boy: A case report and literature review.

Traumatic intussusception is exceedingly rare. According to the existing literature, most cases are treated surgically. However, the treatment and prognosis of traumatic intussusception are not well understood, and more research is needed to determine the most beneficial treatment options.

Tele-consent using mixed reality glasses (NREAL) in pediatric inguinal herniorrhaphy: a preliminary study.

There is an increasing demand and need for patients and caregivers to actively participate in the treatment process. However, when there are unexpected findings during pediatrics surgery, access restrictions in the operating room may lead to a lack of understanding of the medical condition, as the caregivers are forced to indirectly hear about it. To overcome this, we designed a tele-consent system that operates through a specially constructed mixed reality (MR) environment during surgery.

Characteristics of Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Is It Different from Medical Necrotizing Enterocolitis? A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

(1) Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the leading causes of death in newborns despite improvements in the care of critically ill neonates. Approximately 50-70% of the cases are managed by medical therapy. However, the remaining patients require surgical intervention.

Comparison of long-term biliary complications between open and laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision in children.

Purpose: Cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy has been the classic procedure for treating choledochal cysts, and the use of laparoscopic treatment has been favored recently. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term biliary complication of laparoscopic operation with open surgery for choledochal cyst presenting in children.

Methods: A retrospective study comparing the laparoscopic and open procedures was performed in 185 patients with choledochal cyst in a single children's hospital.

Analysis of Associated Anomalies in Anorectal Malformation: Major and Minor Anomalies.

Background: Fifty to sixty percent of patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) have at least one associated anomaly (AA). We determined the incidence of AA with the subtypes of ARM classified in accordance with the Krickenbeck classification and analyzed differences in the incidence rates of major and minor AAs according to organ system.

Methods: From January 1999 to May 2017, we retrospectively analyzed congenital anomalies in patients who underwent an anoplasty for ARM at our institution.

Risk factors of meconium-related ileus in very low birth weight infants: patients-control study.

Very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates experience various problems, including meconium-related ileus (MRI). This study investigated the risk factors of MRI and surgical MRI in VLBW infants. VLBW neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Seoul National University Children's Hospital from October 2002 to September 2016 were included in the study.

The Patients with Hirschsprung's Disease Who Underwent Pull-Through at Age Less than 1 Year: Longitudinal Bowel Function.

Background: Frequent stooling immediately after pull-through (PT), fecal soiling, and constipation are chronic complications of Hirschsprung's disease (HD). This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal outcomes in terms of bowel function of patients below the age of 1 year undergoing PT.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 396 patients who underwent PT for HD between September 1979 and March 2014.

Ingestion of multiple magnets in children.

Background: The ingestion of multiple magnets is harmful in children because it can cause intestinal obstruction and/or perforation. We present an approach for the management of children visiting the emergency department with multiple magnet ingestion.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 9 children who presented to 2 centers in Korea between January 2004 and August 2018 with a history of multiple magnet ingestion.

The effect of Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) on early surgical site infection in Implanted Central Venous Catheter (ICVC).

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical site infection (SSI) rates related to implanted central venous catheters (ICVC) in pediatric hematology and oncology patients with respect to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) levels.

Patients And Methods: From January 2004 to December 2015, pediatric patients with ICVC insertion were investigated retrospectively. Patients were divided into four groups according to preoperative ANC levels and Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) usage.

Botulinum toxin injection for internal anal sphincter achalasia after pull-through surgery in Hirschsprung disease.

Botulinum toxin (Botox) was introduced for the management of internal anal sphincter (IAS) achalasia after a pull-through procedure in Hirschsprung disease (HD). We conducted a prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this Botox treatment.Our study group included 15 patients with HD (median age, 4.

Experiences of Rectovaginal Fistula in Anorectal Malformation.

Background: Rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) are very rare malformations in females with anorectal malformations (ARMs). Here, we share the clinical features of RVF and report the long-term outcomes.

Methods: RVF patients were classified using a retrospective analysis of ARM patients who underwent operations at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1999 and May 2017.