Risk Factors for Postoperative Intra-Abdominal Abscess in Pediatric Perforated Appendicitis Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Multicenter Analysis.

Background: Perforated appendicitis in children is a frequently encountered and significant surgical condition. The treatment of choice is laparoscopic appendectomy, but this carries a risk of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess (IAA). The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors linked to the occurrence of IAA following laparoscopic surgery in pediatric perforated appendicitis.

Features of colonic diverticulitis in children and adolescents: A multicenter study.

Background: Colonic diverticulitis (CD), typically seen in the elderly of Western countries, is increasingly prevalent worldwide, yet data on CD in children and adolescents are scarce. This study explores the characteristics of CD in this younger demographic.

Methods: In a multicenter, retrospective review, 104 patients under 20 years diagnosed with CD at four Korean tertiary hospitals from June 2003 to December 2020 were analyzed.

Clinical Course of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Lymphadenitis.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination can cause lymphadenitis. The purpose of the current study was to describe patient characteristics and clinical courses of lymphadenitis associated with BCG vaccination. A total of 171 patients who visited a tertiary hospital with a diagnosis of BCG-associated lymphadenitis between January 2012 and June 2017 were included.

Laparoscopic surgery: an effective and safe surgical method of pediatric inguinal hernia repair.

Purpose: Inguinal hernia (IH) repair is very commonly performed in children. While open repair (OR) is the standard approach, laparoscopic repair is increasingly used. This study was aimed to investigate safety and feasibility of laparoscopic repair of pediatric IH compared to OR.

Clinical comparison between the presence and absence of protein plugs in pediatric choledochal cysts: experience in 390 patients over 30 years in a single center.

Purpose: The incidence of choledochal cyst (CC) with protein plugs is between 15.5%-40.4%.

Analysis of Pediatric Surgery Using the National Healthcare Insurance Service Database in Korea: How Many Pediatric Surgeons Do We Need in Korea?

Background: In the past, general surgeons (GSs) without a pediatric surgical subspecialty often performed surgery on children and, even now, GSs are performing many pediatric surgeries. We aimed to investigate the involvement of pediatric surgeons (PSs) and GSs in pediatric surgery, compare the outcomes of surgery in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and estimate the appropriate PS workforce in Korea.

Methods: We used surgical data from the National Health Insurance Service database that was collected from patients under the age of 19 years in hospitals nationwide from January 2002 to December 2017.

Suspecting Intussusception and Recurrence Risk Stratification Using Clinical Data and Plain Abdominal Radiographs.

Purpose: Although ultrasonography is the gold standard of diagnosing intussusception, plain abdomen radiograph (AXR) is often used to make differential diagnosis for pediatric patients with abdominal pain. In intussusception patients, we aimed to analyze the AXR and clinical data to determine the characteristics of early AXR findings associated with diagnosis of intussusception and recurrence after reduction.

Methods: Between January 2011 and June 2018, 446 patients diagnosed with intussusception based on International Classification of Diseases-10 code of K56.

Analysis of Associated Anomalies in Anorectal Malformation: Major and Minor Anomalies.

Background: Fifty to sixty percent of patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) have at least one associated anomaly (AA). We determined the incidence of AA with the subtypes of ARM classified in accordance with the Krickenbeck classification and analyzed differences in the incidence rates of major and minor AAs according to organ system.

Methods: From January 1999 to May 2017, we retrospectively analyzed congenital anomalies in patients who underwent an anoplasty for ARM at our institution.

The Patients with Hirschsprung's Disease Who Underwent Pull-Through at Age Less than 1 Year: Longitudinal Bowel Function.

Background: Frequent stooling immediately after pull-through (PT), fecal soiling, and constipation are chronic complications of Hirschsprung's disease (HD). This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal outcomes in terms of bowel function of patients below the age of 1 year undergoing PT.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 396 patients who underwent PT for HD between September 1979 and March 2014.

Ingestion of multiple magnets in children.

Background: The ingestion of multiple magnets is harmful in children because it can cause intestinal obstruction and/or perforation. We present an approach for the management of children visiting the emergency department with multiple magnet ingestion.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 9 children who presented to 2 centers in Korea between January 2004 and August 2018 with a history of multiple magnet ingestion.

Botulinum toxin injection for internal anal sphincter achalasia after pull-through surgery in Hirschsprung disease.

Botulinum toxin (Botox) was introduced for the management of internal anal sphincter (IAS) achalasia after a pull-through procedure in Hirschsprung disease (HD). We conducted a prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this Botox treatment.Our study group included 15 patients with HD (median age, 4.

Experiences of Rectovaginal Fistula in Anorectal Malformation.

Background: Rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) are very rare malformations in females with anorectal malformations (ARMs). Here, we share the clinical features of RVF and report the long-term outcomes.

Methods: RVF patients were classified using a retrospective analysis of ARM patients who underwent operations at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1999 and May 2017.

Clinical features of children with Haddad syndrome: A single-center experience.

Background/purpose: Haddad syndrome (HS) is a very rare disease considered a form of neurocristopathy. It is characterized by a combination of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) and Hirschsprung's disease (HD). We report the clinical features and disease progression of HS to provide better care for HS patients by achieving an earlier diagnosis and optimal treatment.

The Optimal Timing of Enterostomy Closure in Extremely Low Birth Weight Patients for Acute Abdomen.

There are few reports on enterostomy closure (EC) timing for acute abdomen in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) patients. We retrospectively reviewed ELBW patients who underwent enterostomy formation (EF) and subsequent EC. We investigated baseline characteristics, surgical outcomes, and follow-up data of 55 patients and analyzed optimal timing by age at EC, enterostomy duration, and body weight (Bwt) at EC.

Predicting Survival of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia on the First Day of Life.

Background: This study aimed to determine perinatal risk factors for 30-day mortality of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients and develop a prognostic index to predict 30-day mortality of CDH patients. Identifying risk factors that can prognosticate outcome is critical to obtain the best management practices for patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed for patients who were diagnosed with CDH from November 2000 to August 2016.

Why Do the Patients with Hirschsprung Disease Get Redo Pull-Through Operation?

Introduction:  The treatment of Hirschsprung disease (HD) is pull-through (PT) surgery. Redo PT can be performed in 1 to 10% of patients after initial PT. In this study, we reviewed the causes and associated factors of redo PT.

Inguinal hernia in preterms in neonatal intensive care units: Optimal timing of herniorrhaphy and necessity of contralateral exploration in unilateral presentation.

Background: We sought to determine the optimal timing of IH repair in preterms and the need for routine contralateral exploration.

Methods: Medical records of 3690 pediatric patients who underwent unilateral IH repair between January 1998 and December 2009 were reviewed. We assessed medical record review and telephone interviews.

Analysis of clinical features of lipoblastoma in children.

Objective: A lipoblastoma is pathologically benign but often recurs. Due to its rarity, studies are scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of lipoblastoma occurring in children and to detect any correlations with the expression of Ki-67.

Analysis of Growth, Nutritional Status and Hospital Visitation Scores Associated with Reflux After Nissen Fundoplication in Neurologically Impaired Children with Gastroesophageal Reflux.

Background: Neurologically impaired children (NIC) often experience swallowing difficulties and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although these conditions could place children in a state of poor nutritional status and prevent them from thriving, there is insufficient research evaluating growth and nutritional status following fundoplication in these patients.

Method: This is a retrospective study of patients who were neurologically impaired and underwent Nissen fundoplication between April 2001 and March 2015.

Intestinal obstruction due to kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in a 1-month-old infant: A case report.

Rationale: Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is an aggressive vascular tumor, mainly occurring in infants and young children and previously reported cases were mainly cutaneous or visceral form. Intestinal kaposiform hemangioma was first reported in 2012. Intestinal type KHE showed better prognosis if the lesion was limited in the gastrointestinal tract and coagulopathy was not accompanied.

Abdominal tumors in children: Comparison between minimally invasive surgery and traditional open surgery.

The use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in pediatric patients has been steadily increasing in recent years. However, its use for diagnosing and treating abdominal tumors in children is still limited compared with adults, especially when malignancy is a matter of debate. Here, we describe the experience at our center with pediatric abdominal tumors to show the safety and feasibility of MIS.

Right iliac arterial aneurysm in a 4-year-old girl who does not have a right external iliac artery.

Pediatric arterial aneurysm is rare disease. Among them, idiopathic-congenital arterial aneurysm is extremely rare. This is a case report of right common iliac artery idiopathic aneurysm with absence of right external iliac artery.

Hepatocellular carcinoma after the Fontan procedure in a 16-year-old girl: A case report.

Introduction: The Fontan procedure (FP) has become the standard operation for patients with single ventricle physiology. However, a long period of elevated systemic venous pressure and low cardiac output after the procedure result in chronic inflammation and liver cirrhosis, which may eventually lead to the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Clinical Findings: We described the case of a 16-year-old female who developed HCC after the FP.

Laparoscopic duodenoduodenostomy with parallel anastomosis for duodenal atresia.

Background: Currently, a diamond-shaped anastomosis is preferred for the surgical repair of duodenal atresia (DA) in both open and laparoscopic surgery. We report the results of laparoscopic duodenoduodenostomy with parallel anastomosis (LDPA) in DA.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 22 patients who underwent laparoscopic duodenoduodenostomy from February 2005 to May 2015 in Samsung Medical Center.