Direct vibration waveform extraction based on synthetic wavelength amplitude modulation in an SMI system.

This paper proposes an amplitude modulation method based on synthetic wavelength to directly acquire the vibration waveform of targets in a self-mixing interferometry (SMI) system. The vibration waveform of the target is directly extracted from the envelope of the amplitude-modulated SMI signal, which arises from the synthetic differential wavelength. Experimentally, targets with different vibration frequencies were measured, demonstrating an average frequency measurement error of 0.

Collagen and actin network mediate antiviral immunity against Orsay virus in C. elegans intestinal cells.

C. elegans is a free-living nematode that is widely used as a small animal model for studying fundamental biological processes and disease mechanisms. Since the discovery of the Orsay virus in 2011, C.

C. elegans monitor energy status via the AMPK pathway to trigger innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens.

Pathogen recognition and the triggering of host innate immune system are critical to understanding pathogen-host interaction. Cellular surveillance systems have been identified as an important strategy for the identification of microbial infection. In the present study, using Bacillus thuringiensis-Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we found an approach for surveillance systems to sense pathogens.

High precision even-power phase modulation method for a self-mixing displacement sensor under the weak feedback regime.

A novel method called even-power phase modulation is proposed in a self-mixing displacement sensor to improve measuring accuracy, to the best of our knowledge, which is realized by combining the even-power fast algorithm with the sinusoidal phase-modulation method. By performing the even-power fast algorithm in the self-mixing interference system, the spectrum of harmonic components is broadened. In this case, the extracted first and second harmonic components in the frequency domain contain rich information, and the displacement of the target can be accurately reconstructed.

Improved method for damping coefficient measurement based on spectral analysis of a self-mixing signal.

In this paper, the self-mixing interference subject to weak optical feedback has been used to measure the damping vibration. By analyzing the spectrum of the signal, the damping coefficient can be extracted precisely from the nth-order Bessel functions, which are determined by the dominant harmonic order of the frequency spectrum. Theoretical derivation and signal processing are presented.

Endophyte evade plant defense by producing lantibiotic subtilomycin to mask self-produced flagellin.

Microbes can enter into healthy plants as endophytes and confer beneficial functions. The entry of commensal microbes into plants involves penetrating plant defense. Most mechanisms about overcoming plant defense are focused on adapted pathogens, while the mechanism involved in beneficial endophyte evades plant defense to achieve harmonious commensalism is unclear.