Regulating Transport Preferences of Fucosylated Sugars: Revealing Transport Mechanisms via Sugar Efflux Transporter A Transformation Into a "Tight-in, Tight-out" Mode.

Sugar transporters play a crucial role in cellular metabolism across diverse organisms, regulating essential biological processes through efficient substrate transport. Despite extensive research efforts, the structures and mechanisms of transporters responsible for sugars have remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the transport efficiency of the Escherichia coli sugar efflux transporter A (SetA) for lactose and fucosylated lactose.

Archaea show different geographical distribution patterns compared to bacteria and fungi in Arctic marine sediments.

Microorganisms dominate marine environments in the polar oceans and are known to harbor greater diversity and abundance than was once thought, and yet, little is known about their biogeographic distribution patterns in marine sediments at a broad spatial scale. In this study, we conducted extensive sampling of marine sediments along a latitudinal transect spanning 2500 km from the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean to investigate the geographical distribution patterns of bacteria, archaea, and fungi. Our findings revealed that the community similarities of bacteria and fungi decay at similar rates with increasing geographical distance (slope: -0.

Distribution patterns and ecological risks of antibiotic resistance genes in the Yap Trench.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a global environmental concern, yet their vertical distribution in pristine marine ecosystems remains poorly understood. This study investigated the distribution of ARG distribution in both the water column and sediments of the Yap Trench, which reaches depths over 6500 m Results revealed significant variations in ARG diversity and abundance across depths and habitats. The deep-water (DW) zones exhibited the highest diversity (291-472 subtypes) and abundance (1.

Enhanced printing and dyeing wastewater treatment using anaerobic-aerobic systems with bioaugmentation.

Printing and dyeing wastewater (PDW) is characterized by various pollutants, making it one of the most difficult industrial wastewaters to treat and poses a serious threat to the natural environment and public health. This study investigated the use of an anaerobic-aerobic system combined with bioaugmentation using Ochrobactrum anthropi S1 to treat PDW. The results indicated that after three rounds of inoculation, Ochrobactrum anthropi S1 successfully colonized the system, achieving final removal efficiencies of reactive black 5, Cr(Ⅵ), COD, and ammonia nitrogen of 95 %, 65 %, 90 %, and 85 %, respectively.

Insights into lignin bioconversion: lignin-derived compounds treatment of a novel marine fungus K-2.

Background: The potential for the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass has been extensively explored to produce a wide range of bioproducts. Many approaches have been sought for the deep conversion of lignin to generate products that are toxin-free and beneficial for processing into high-value-added components.

Results: This study reported a fungus isolated from the deep sea with strong synthesis of multiple lignocellulases, conversion of lignin and guaiacol (0.

Redundancy and resilience of microbial community under aniline stress during wastewater treatment.

Aniline is one of the most toxic and widespread organic pollutants. Although biological treatment is cost-effective and generates minimal secondary pollution, microbial communities are significantly affected by high aniline concentrations, which result in low degradation efficiency. However, a comprehensive understanding of the microbial community response to aniline stress is lacking.

Regulation of carbon metabolic fluxes to enhance lipid and succinate production in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina.

Mortierella alpina is popular for lipid production, but the low carbon conversion rate and lipid yield are major obstacles for its economic performance. Here, external addition of organic acids involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle was used to tune carbon flux and improve lipid production. Citrate was determined to be the best organic acid that can be used for enhancing lipid production.

Reductant-independent oxidative cleavage of cellulose by a novel marine fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase.

Among the enzymes derived from fungus that act on polysaccharides, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMOs) has emerged as a new member with complex reaction mechanisms and high efficiency in dealing with recalcitrant crystalline polysaccharides. This study reported the characteristics, structure, and biochemical properties of a novel LPMO from Talaromyces sedimenticola (namely MaLPMO9K) obtained from the Mariana Trench. MaLPMO9K was a multi-domain protein combined with main body and a carbohydrate-binding module.

Bacterial abundant taxa exhibit stronger environmental adaption than rare taxa in the Arctic Ocean sediments.

Marine bacteria influence Earth's environmental dynamics in fundamental ways by controlling the biogeochemistry and productivity of the oceans. However, little is known about the survival strategies of their abundant and rare taxa, especially in polar marine environments. Here, bacterial environmental adaptation, community assembly processes, and co-occurrence patterns between abundant and rare taxa were compared in the Arctic Ocean sediments.

Distinct strategies of the habitat generalists and specialists in the Arctic sediments: Assembly processes, co-occurrence patterns, and environmental implications.

Microorganisms could be classified as habitat generalists and specialists according to their niche breadth, uncovering their survival strategy is a crucial topic in ecology. Here, differences in environmental adaptation, community assemblies, co-occurrence patterns, and ecological functions between generalists and specialists were explored in the Arctic marine sediments. Compared to specialists, generalists showed lower alpha diversity but stronger environmental adaption, and dispersal limitation contributed more to the community assembly of specialists (74 %) than generalists (46 %).

Integration of lactic acid biorefinery with treatment of red mud from alumina refinery: win-win paradigm for waste valorization.

The cost of detoxification and neutralization poses certain challenges to the development of an economically viable lactic acid biorefinery with lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock. Herein, red mud, an alkaline waste, was explored as both a detoxifying agent and a neutralizer. Red mud treatment of lignocellulosic hydrolysate effectively removed the inhibitors generated in dilute acid pretreatment, improving the lactic acid productivity from 1.

Discrepant assembly processes of prokaryotic communities between the abyssal and hadal sediments in Yap Trench.

Abyssal and hadal sediments represent two of the most type ecosystems on Earth and have the potential interactions with geochemistry. However, little is known about the prokaryotic community assembly and the response of prokaryotic communities to metal(loid)s in trench sediments due to the lack of adequate and appropriate samples. In this study, a systematic investigation combined the assembly mechanisms and co-occurrence patterns of prokaryotic communities between the hadal and abyssal sediments across the Yap Trench.

Depth significantly affects plastisphere microbial evenness, assembly and co-occurrence pattern but not richness and composition.

Microplastics have become one of the hot concerns of global marine pollution. In recent years, diversity and abiotic influence factors of plastisphere microbial communities were well documented, but our knowledge of their assembly mechanisms and co-occurrence patterns remains unclear, especially the effects of depth on them. Here, we collected microorganisms on microplastics to investigate how ocean depth affects on microbial diversity, community composition, assembly processes and co-occurrence patterns.

Depth-Dependent Distribution of Prokaryotes in Sediments of the Manganese Crust on Nazimov Guyots of the Magellan Seamounts.

Deep ocean polymetallic nodules, rich in cobalt, nickel, and titanium which are commonly used in high-technology and biotechnology applications, are being eyed for green energy transition through deep-sea mining operations. Prokaryotic communities underneath polymetallic nodules could participate in deep-sea biogeochemical cycling, however, are not fully described. To address this gap, we collected sediment cores from Nazimov guyots, where polymetallic nodules exist, to explore the diversity and vertical distribution of prokaryotic communities.

Regulation on Pathway Metabolic Fluxes to Enhance Colanic Acid Production in .

Colanic acid (CA) is a natural polysaccharide macromolecule with rich and unique biological properties and is a promising candidate for use in food and cosmetics. To date, the efficient biosynthesis of CA and the influence of product accumulation on the strains used have yet to be precisely investigated. Herein, bottlenecks in the CA metabolic pathway were untangled by finely regulating the expression of , , , and .

Enhanced Enzymatic Performance of β-Mannanase Immobilized on Calcium Alginate Beads for the Generation of Mannan Oligosaccharides.

Mannan oligosaccharides (MOSs) are excellent prebiotics that are usually obtained via the enzymatic hydrolysis of mannan. In order to reduce the cost of preparing MOSs, immobilized enzymes that demonstrate good performance, require simple preparation, and are safe, inexpensive, and reusable must be developed urgently. In this study, β-mannanase was immobilized on calcium alginate (CaAlg).

Enhancing lactose recognition of a key enzyme in 2'-fucosyllactose synthesis: α-1,2-fucosyltransferase.

Background: 2'-Fucosyllactose, a representative oligosaccharide in human milk, is an emerging and promising food and pharmaceutical ingredient due to its powerful health benefits, such as participating in immune regulation, regulation of intestinal flora, etc. To enable economically viable production of 2'-fucosyllactose, different biosynthesis strategies using precursors and pathway enzymes have been developed. The α-1,2-fucosyltransferases are an essential part involved in these strategies, but their strict substrate selectivity and unsatisfactory substrate tolerance are one of the key roadblocks limiting biosynthesis.

Temperature mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes and reoccurrence of microbial community during treating aniline wastewater.

Seasonal temperature changes significantly affect microbial community diversity, composition, and performance in wastewater treatment plants. However, the community assembly mechanisms under seasonal temperature variations remain unclear. Here, we carried out temperature cycling experiments (30 °C, 35 °C, 37 °C, 40 °C, 42 °C, 45 °C, 40 °C, and 30 °C) to investigate how temperature impacts microbial performance and co-occurrence network and how assembly processes determine the structure and function of microbial communities during treating aniline wastewater.

ARTP and NTG compound mutations improved Cry protein production and virulence of Bacillus thuringiensis X023.

A high production mutated strain Bacillus thuringiensis X023PN (BtX023PN) was screened from the wild strain Bacillus thuringiensis X023 (BtX023) after atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutation. BtX023PN grows faster than the wild strain, and its lysis of mother cell was 6 h ahead BtX023, but the ability of sporulation was significantly reduced. Bioassay indicated that compared with the wild type strain, the virulence of BtX023PN against Plutella xylostella (P.

Adsorption process and mechanism of heavy metal ions by different components of cells, using yeast () and Cu as biosorption models.

Microbial biomass has been recognized as an essential biosorbent to remove heavy metal ions, but the biosorption process and mechanism of different components of microbial cells have not been elucidated. In present study, X33 and Cu was used as a biosorption model to reveal the biosorption process and mechanism of different components of microbial cells. For the biosorption of whole cells, the maximum removal efficiency was 41.