Medical Malpractice in Urology: Analysis of Supreme Court Decisions in Turkey (2012-2022).

Background: In recent years, claims of medical malpractice have increased. Doctors from the surgical branch frequently appear in medical malpractice reports. However, research in the national medical literature regarding the examination of court cases reflected in the higher judiciary in the field of urology appears to be lacking.

Refractive changes and higher-order aberrations after Müller muscle conjunctival resection: a prospective clinical study.

Purpose: To evaluate postoperative changes in corneal topographic parameters and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) following Müller muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) in patients with mild-to-moderate ptosis.

Methods: This prospective clinical study included patients who underwent MMCR after a positive phenylephrine test and with good levator function who were evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), margin reflex distance 1 and corneal parameters (flat meridian, steep meridian, simulated keratometry, maximum keratometry), along with HOAs including coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrifoil, were assessed at week 1, month 1 and month 3.

Evaluating the effectiveness of ChemoNurse: A mobile chemotherapy drug guide for cancer nurses - A randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile chemotherapy drug guide application, ChemoNurse, developed for cancer nurses, in improving their knowledge and attitudes toward chemotherapy practices.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial with a repeated-measures design was conducted with 59 nurses (29 intervention, 30 control) who participated. Nurses in the intervention group used the ChemoNurse mobile application for six months, while the control group received no additional intervention.

Comparison of robotic and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgical technique procedures in patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy during endometrial cancer surgery.

Objective: The role of sentinel lymph node dissection in the surgical management of endometrial cancer limited to the uterus is gaining recognition. The safety and applicability of two methods were assessed by examining the results of our patients in the identification of the sentinel lymph node during endometrial cancer surgery. The methods were robotic surgery, a critical component of minimally invasive surgery, and the vNOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery Technique), which has recently been introduced for malignant indications.

Diagnostic value of CRP/Albumin-globulin ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in differentiating parapneumonic effusion types.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE: Parapneumonic effusion (PPE), a pneumonia-related complication, can progress to complicated PPE (CPPE) and often requires invasive treatment. Although early differentiation is essential, the diagnostic role of hematological inflammatory markers remains unclear. This study evaluated hematological inflammatory markers to distinguish between pleural effusion types, particularly CPPE and uncomplicated PPE (uCPPE), in order to identify the most reliable biomarkers.

The impact of hemoadsorption in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: With an annual incidence of up to 30%, cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) may be one of the most underestimated yet common complications, hence reno-protective interventions are critical. We evaluated the impact of hemoadsorption (HA) on clinical outcomes in KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) G2/A2 patients (GFR 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m and 30-300 mg/g albuminuria) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Utilizing the Laparoscopic Ovum Pick-Up Method for In Vitro Embryo Production in Prepubertal Anatolian Native Black Calves: A Promising Approach for Gene Banks and Endangered Species.

Recent advancements in genomic technology have increased interest in using calves as oocyte sources through the laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) method, which shortens generation intervals and enhances genetic gain. This study aimed to produce embryos in vitro using oocytes from endangered Anatolian Native Black calves and to increase the number of embryos in the gene bank through LOPU, a method not previously studied in Turkey. Four Anatolian Native Black calves, approximately 3 months old, were used.

Comparison of the efficacy of mFOLFOX-6 and mDCF regimens in the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Metastatic gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer are associated with a poor prognosis. Recent advancements in treatment have incorporated trastuzumab, anti-PD-1 agents, and anti-claudin therapies alongside chemotherapy (ChT), significantly improving outcomes. Contemporary studies predominantly employ doublet ChT as the backbone for these regimens, although historically triplet ChT regimens have been favored, particularly in younger patients requiring rapid tumor shrinkage.

Grape Molasses as a Healthy Natural Ingredient in Hazelnut Butter: Effects on Emulsion Stability, Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Sensory Characteristics.

This study investigated the emulsion stability, physicochemical properties, nutritional content, and sensory characteristics of hazelnut butter formulations () enriched with grape molasses () as alternative to starch-based refined sugar () or beet sugar both with and without palm oil stabilizer () and skimmed milk powder (). The incorporation of increased the Hunter *, *, and * values, while and generally reduced color values and increased % ( < 0.05).

Unusual presentation: concomitant segmental vitiligo, segmental morphea, and lichen striatus.

Background: Segmental vitiligo, segmental morphea, and lichen striatus are distinct dermatological conditions that may share pathogenic mechanisms involving genetic mosaicism and immune dysregulation. Their simultaneous occurrence is extremely rare and may offer insights into their shared etiology.

Case Presentation: A 24-year-old female presented with a 6-year history of progressive indurated and discolored skin lesions.

Dexamethasone Added to Mixed Local Anesthetics in Infraclavicular Block: The Dexamethasone Paradox in Chronic Pain.

Background: Dexamethasone is commonly used as an adjuvant to prolong analgesia in peripheral nerve blocks. However, there are a few studies available regarding its use in combination with mixed local anesthetics.

Aim: This study investigated the effect of adding perineural dexamethasone to an infraclavicular block containing a medium- and long-acting local anesthetic mixture on the time to the first analgesia request (sensory block duration) as the primary outcome, as well as sensory and motor block onset times, motor block duration, postoperative analgesic use, and the development of long-term chronic pain as secondary outcomes.

Observed reduction in false measles IgM positivity using an ELISA kit containing RF absorbent.

This study evaluated whether an Rheumatoid Factor RF-absorbent ELISA assay reduces false-positive measles IgM results in low-prevalence settings. Among 76 initially reactive samples, only 7 remained positive or borderline upon retesting, demonstrating a 91 % reduction. These findings support the use of RF-blocking diagnostics to improve test specificity and surveillance accuracy.

High genetic variability in Taenia multiceps larvae: A mitochondrial DNA-based study of sheep isolates using CO1 and NADH1 genes.

Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, is a significant parasitic threat to small ruminants, yet its molecular diversity remains underexplored in many endemic regions. This study investigated the genetic variability of C. cerebralis from sheep in Elazig province, Türkiye, by analyzing mitochondrial CO1 (812 bp) and NADH1 (498 bp) gene regions.

Search for a Neutral Gauge Boson with Nonuniversal Fermion Couplings in Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The first search for a heavy neutral spin-1 gauge boson (Z^{'}) with nonuniversal fermion couplings produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to tau leptons or W bosons is presented. The analysis is performed using LHC data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected from 2016 to 2018 with the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. The data are consistent with the standard model predictions.

Lipid Profile Differences in Monomeric Hyperprolactinemia, Macroprolactinemia, and Healthy Controls: A Comparative Analysis.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different prolactin isoforms - specifically macroprolactin and monomeric prolactin - on lipid metabolism across various subtypes of hyperprolactinemia.

Methods: A total of 166 adults were retrospectively analyzed and categorized into macroprolactinemia, gray zone, and monomeric hyperprolactinemia (further subdivided into prolactinoma and idiopathic groups), along with a healthy control group. Lipid parameters, including total cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), HDL, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol, were compared among groups.

GastroGPT: Development and controlled testing of a proof-of-concept customized clinical language model.

Background And Study Aims: Current general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs) demonstrate limited efficacy in clinical medicine, often constrained to question-answering, documentation, and literature summarization roles. We developed GastroGPT, a proof-of-concept specialty-specific, multi-task, clinical LLM, and evaluated its performance against leading general-purpose LLMs across key gastroenterology tasks and diverse case scenarios.

Methods: In this structured analysis, GastroGPT was compared with three state-of-the-art general-purpose LLMs (LLM-A: GPT-4, LLM-B: Bard, LLM-C: Claude).

Interlaboratory validation of an optimized protocol for measuring α-amylase activity by the INFOGEST international research network.

The activity of α-amylases is frequently determined using a single-point assay at 20 °C. Previous work within INFOGEST "Working Group 5 - Starch digestion and amylases" identified significant interlaboratory variation with this protocol. The current study aimed to evaluate the repeatability (intralaboratory precision) and reproducibility (interlaboratory precision), measured as coefficients of variation (CVs), of a newly optimized protocol version based on four time-point measurements at 37 °C.

Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: Long-Term Disease Progression and Management of Complications.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term progression of macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) using a standardized classification system and to assess the incidence, progression, and management strategies of complications such as macular neovascularization (MNV) and macular hole (MH).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of patients diagnosed with MacTel at a tertiary referral center in Türkiye from January 2004 to February 2025. Patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 years and no confounding macular pathologies were included.

Recent insights on direct democracy: Arguments, drivers, effects and conditions.

Rooted in history, with origins tracing back to Athenian democracy in the 5th century BCE, direct democracy has gained renewed attention as a potential solution to the challenges of representative democracy. It is often seen as a means to reduce democratic deficits, enhance citizen participation, and legitimize political decisions. This study reviews recent literature on direct democracy, analyzing 46 articles published between 2016 and 2023 to map key themes and debates.

Active Side-Branch Protection Strategy for Culprit Bifurcation Lesion in STEMI Patients: The Multicenter STEMI-BIF Registry.

Background: To date, the best side branch (SB) protection strategy in patients with coronary bifurcation lesions (CBLs)-related ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has not yet been settled.

Aims: This study sought to evaluate the clinical outcome of the jailed balloon (JBT) and jailed wire techniques (JWT) for the SB protection strategy in STEMI patients with culprit CBLs.

Methods: This large-scale multicenter (n = 10) observational retrospective study included STEMI patients with culprit CBLs who underwent PCI with provisional stenting.

Determining the effect of therapeutic play on fear, anxiety levels, and behavioural responses ın children receiving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen treatment: A randomized controlled study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of therapeutic play on the fear and anxiety levels and behaviours of children receiving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy.

Design And Method: This study was conducted as a pre-test - post-test randomized controlled study. The study was conducted in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a state hospital located in a province of the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey between June and December 2024.

Ostial Stent Implantation or Crossover Stenting for Ostial LAD Lesions: The Multicenter CROSS-ANATOLIA Registry.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for isolated ostial left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesions remains technically difficult. Accurate ostial stenting (AOS) aims to prevent involvement of the left main coronary artery (LMCA), while crossover stenting (COS) ensures complete ostial coverage but may increase procedural complexity. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients who underwent AOS or COS for ostial LAD disease.

A comprehensive deep learning approach to improve enchondroma detection on X-ray images.

An enchondroma is a benign neoplasm of mature hyaline cartilage that proliferates from the medullary cavity toward the cortical bone. This results in the formation of a significant endogenous mass within the medullary cavity. Although enchondromas are predominantly asymptomatic, they may exhibit various clinical manifestations contingent on the size of the lesion, its localization, and the characteristics observed on radiological imaging.

Boosting supercapacitor performance via flower-like Cu₂XSnS₄ (X = Mn, Co, Ni, Ba, Zn) chalcogenides: Solvothermal synthesis and charge storage behavior.

In the present work, a series of Cu₂XSnS₄ (X = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Ba) quaternary chalcogenide phases were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method and evaluated as electrode materials in symmetric two-electrode supercapacitor cells. Structural and morphological analyses demonstrated the formation of flower-like crystalline structures, with significant variations in texture and surface area depending on the substituted metal. Among the synthesized samples, the Mn-substituted CMnTS electrode exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 386.

The Top 50 Most-Cited Studies of Extended Half-Life Factors in Hemophilia.

Objective: In recent years, one of the most significant advancements in hemophilia treatment has been the introduction of extended half-life (EHL) factors. This study aims to identify the 50 most influential articles on EHL factor use in hemophilia treatment and analyze their key characteristics.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted without restrictions on publication date, country, or language using the Boolean operator "OR.