The global genomic landscape of hypervirulent from 1932 to 2021.

The global spread of hypervirulent (hvKp) poses a serious public health threat. In this study, we conducted genomic epidemiology analysis on 2097 global hvKp isolates, including our 900 isolates sequenced through the Illumina platform (177 of them fully sequenced through PacBio platform), representing the most comprehensive genomic analysis of hvKp to date. Our results identified six dominant clonal groups (CGs), particularly including CG23 and CG258, and 17 major virulence determinant combinations (VDCs) comprising 10 virulence gene profiles (VGPs), four types of virulence plasmids, four ICE variants, Tn, and _island.

Systematic review of risk prediction models for arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Objective: The prevalence of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction and its associated complications among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) underscores the necessity for predictive models aimed at early diagnosis and intervention. Although various models for predicting AVF risk have emerged, a comprehensive review of their advancements and challenges is currently lacking. This study aims to systematically evaluate risk prediction models for AVF failure in MHD patients, thereby providing insights for clinical practitioners in selecting or developing more effective risk assessment tools.

A Case of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Harboring TP53 Mutation and PLPP5-FGFR1 Fusion Gene.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is one of the most common subtype of lung cancer and is associated with the poor prognoses. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family is known to be activated through fusions with various partners across multiple cancer types, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). FGFR inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of tumors harboring these fusions.

Gut microbiota's role in the enhancement of type 2 diabetes treatment by a traditional Chinese herbal formula compared to metformin.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly increasing metabolic disorder that poses a significant threat to global public health. Recent evidence suggests that targeting the gut microbiota through dietary and pharmaceutical interventions can effectively manage T2DM. In this study, we developed a novel Chinese herbal formula, CCM, specifically for T2DM, composed of , , and .

Multidrug-resistant ST11-KL64 hypervirulent with multiple genes isolated from children's blood.

Introduction: Hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (hv-CRKP) poses an increasing public health risk due to its high treatment difficulty and associated mortality, especially in bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. The emergence of strains with multiple resistance mechanisms further complicates the management of these infections.

Methods: We isolated and characterized a novel ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP strain from a pediatric bone marrow transplantation patient.

NSUN2 lactylation drives cancer cell resistance to ferroptosis through enhancing GCLC-dependent glutathione synthesis.

Lactate-mediated lactylation on target proteins is recently identified as the novel posttranslational modification with profound biological functions. RNA 5-methylcytosine (mC) modification possesses dynamic and reversible nature, suggesting that activity of its methyltransferase NSUN2 is actively regulated. However, how NSUN2 activity is response to acidic condition in tumor microenvironment and then regulates cancer cell survival remain to be clarified.

Resistance and virulence genes characteristic of a South Asia Clade (I) Candida auris strain isolated from blood in Beijing.

Introduction: Candida auris is a globally disseminated invasive ascomycetous yeast, that imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems. It has been documented to have spread to over 40 countries across six continents, necessitating in-depth comprehension through advanced techniques like Whole-Genome Sequencing.

Method: This study entailed the isolation and Whole-Genome Sequencing of a fluconazole-resistant C.

Effect of oral probiotics on clinical efficacy and intestinal flora in elderly severe pneumonia patients.

Complex microbial ecosystems in both gastrointestinal and respiratory systems have been found to have a significant impact on human health. Growing evidence has demonstrated that intestinal dysbiosis can increase vulnerability to pulmonary infections. However, changes in the composition and activity of the intestinal flora after probiotic supplementation may alter the disease state of the host.

RNA expression profiling from the liquid fraction of synovial fluid in knee joint osteoarthritis patients.

Objective: To investigate the RNA profile of synovial fluid (SF) from osteoarthritis (OA) patients and carry out cluster analysis of OA-related genes.

Methods: RNA of SF from OA patients was isolated using RNA-specific Trizol. A cDNA library was built and subjected to the second-generation sequencing using HisSeq4000 with a data size of 8G.

Genomic Epidemiology of Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in China.

The rapid spread of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (cpKP) poses serious threats to public health; however, the underlying genetic basis for its dissemination is still unknown. We conducted a comprehensive genomic epidemiology analysis on 420 cpKP isolates collected from 70 hospitals in 24 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities of China during 2009-2017 by short-/long-read sequencing. The results showed that most cpKP isolates were categorized into clonal group 258 (CG258), in which ST11 was the dominant clone.

Hepatic Transcriptome Analysis Revealing the Molecular Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats.

Around 9% of the adult population in the world (463 million) suffer from diabetes mellitus. Most of them (~90%) belong to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is a common chronic metabolic disorder, and the number of cases has been reported to increase each year. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat provides a successful animal model to study the pathogenesis of T2DM.

Altered gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease patients/healthy spouses and its association with clinical features.

Introduction: Increasing evidence shows that gut microbiota dysbiosis may play important roles in the occurrence and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the findings are inconsistent. Besides, the effect of family environment on gut microbiota dysbiosis remains unclear.

Methods: We characterized the gut microbial compositions of 63 PD patients, 63 healthy spouses (HS) and 74 healthy people (HP) using 16S rRNA sequencing.

A rare carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K1/ST1265 Klebsiella pneumoniae with an untypeable bla-harboured conjugative plasmid.

Objective: We investigated the pathogenesis of a patient with severe acute pancreatitis by comprehensively analysing a rare carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K1/ST1265 Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-HvKP) strain.

Methods: We conducted virulence and multidrug-resistance phenotypic characterization and identified a CR-HvKP strain from the patient. It was subjected to Pacbio sequencing, and subsequent analysis of virulence, resistance genes and mobile genetic elements.

Emergence of a Multidrug-Resistant Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 23 Strain with a Rare -Harboring Virulence Plasmid.

Here, we report a multidrug-resistant hypervirulent (MDR-HvKP) strain of sequence type 23 (ST23) with a rare hybrid plasmid harboring virulence genes and , and we analyze the genetic basis for relationship between genotypes and MDR-hypervirulence phenotypes. Further analysis indicates that the hybrid plasmid is formed by IS-mediated intermolecular transposition of the gene into the virulence plasmid. The emergence of MDR-HvKP strains, especially those carrying drug-resistant virulent plasmids, poses unprecedented threats/challenges to public health.

Pan-Genomic Study of Reflecting the Primary/Secondary Genes, Generality/Individuality, and the Interconversion Through Copy Number Variations.

Tuberculosis (TB) has surpassed HIV as the leading infectious disease killer worldwide since 2014. The main pathogen, (Mtb), contains ~4,000 genes that account for ~90% of the genome. However, it is still unclear which of these genes are primary/secondary, which are responsible for generality/individuality, and which interconvert during evolution.

Bacterial Diversity in Bohai Bay Solar Saltworks, China.

The microbiota in solar salterns plays an important role in salt production quantitatively and qualitatively. Bohai Bay coast is the major sea salt producing area in China. However, few ecological characterization studies of the Bohai Bay salt ponds, particularly of their microbial diversity, have been conducted.

A novel oral preparation of hydroxysafflor yellow A base on a chitosan complex: a strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the main active pharmaceutical ingredient of the safflower plant (Carthamus tinctorius L.), is a hydrophilic drug with low oral bioavailability (BA). The objective of the present study was to improve the oral BA of HSYA by formulation design.