Predictors of Glaucoma Conversion in an African Ancestry Cohort: A Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: To identify risk factors associated with conversion from glaucoma suspect to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals of African ancestry.

Design: Prospective case-control study.

Subjects: A total of 330 glaucoma suspects from the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics study with a median follow-up of 6.

Outcomes of posterior lamellar tarsal rotation vs bilamellar tarsal rotation for trachomatous trichiasis.

Background: Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgery is a key strategy for avoiding blindness and visual impairment from trachoma. We compared alternative WHO-endorsed TT surgery techniques, hypothesizing that in a "real world" study posterior lamellar tarsal rotation (PLTR) would be associated with less postoperative TT (PTT) than bilamellar tarsal rotation (BLTR).

Methods: In an ongoing TT control program in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, TT surgeons used their preferred procedure (PLTR or BLTR) for upper eyelids with TT.

Association between Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Use and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Risk in All of Us.

Purpose: To assess the association between the systemic use of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Individuals aged ≥40 years with linked electronic health record (EHR) data in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) All of Us dataset.

Association of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Cholelithiasis.

Purpose: Dysregulated lipid metabolism likely contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). There is an overlap in risk factors between AMD and diseases of lipid metabolism, such as cholelithiasis, suggesting that an association between these diseases could provide insight into AMD pathogenesis. This study sought to determine if there is an association between cholelithiasis and AMD.

100% Conversion of CO-CH with Non-Precious Co@ZnO Catalyst in Hot Water.

The combination of solar energy and natural hydrothermal systems will innovate the chemistry of CO hydrogenation; however, the approach remains challenging due to the lack of robust and cost-effective catalytic system. Here, Zn which can be recycled with solar energy-induced approach was chosen as the reductant and Co as catalyst to achieve robust hydrothermal CO methanation. Nanosheets of honeycomb ZnO were grown in situ on the Co surface, resulting in a new motif (Co@ZnO catalyst) that inhibits Co deactivation through ZnO-assisted CoO reduction.

Common tandem repeat variants associated with glaucoma risk in individuals of African ancestry.

The contribution of common tandem repeats (TR) variants to common, complex disease remains unknown, especially in populations historically underrepresented in genetic research. We identified common TR variants associated with risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals of African ancestry. The POAG-associated TR variants were predominantly found at Alu poly(A) tail elements, regions, retinal development enhancers, and harbor binding sites of a POAG-associated transcription factor, LMX1B, suggesting a convergent mechanism of how common TR variation arises and contributes to POAG pathophysiology.

Recent progress in iron and steel industry decarbonization strategies: industrial advancements and challenges.

The iron and steel industry is widely acknowledged as a carbon-intensive sector, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. As the global demand and production of iron and steel continue to rise, the early implementation of low-carbon and zero-carbon strategies to expedite the decarbonization processes in the iron and steel industry is paramount for achieving the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s 2 ℃ climate goal. This article provides a comparative evaluation of recent low-carbon and zero-carbon strategies applied in the iron and steel industry, focusing on the fossil carbon reduction, end carbon utilization, auxiliary strategies, and international supply chain relocation.

Efficient FeO/Fe Redox Cycle with Biomass Waste Glycerol for Net Carbon Benefit CO Reduction.

CO utilization is a critical aspect of achieving a sustainable carbon cycle, particularly in the context of global efforts to achieve carbon neutrality. Drawing inspiration from geological chemistry, Fe-based hydrothermal CO reduction into valuable chemicals has emerged as a promising CO utilization strategy. However, the lack of a sustainable and direct Fe regeneration approach presents a notable challenge to the widespread adoption of this strategy.

Prebiotic Synthesis of Microdroplets from Formate over a Bimetallic Cobalt-Nickel Nanomotif.

The hypothesis underlying the abiogenic origin of life suggests that the nonenzymatic synthesis of long-chain fatty acids led to the construction of vesicles for compartmentalization in an early stage during the transition from geochemistry to biochemistry. However, evidence for this theory remains elusive as C carboxylic acids cannot be synthesized using current laboratory simulations. Here, we report the synthesis of long-chain carboxylic acids (C-C) with a 42 mmol/g yield and 87.

Selective scission of glucose molecule by a Pd-modulated Co-based catalyst for efficient CO reduction under mild conditions.

Combining terrestrial biomass as the reductant with submarine-type hydrothermal environments for CO reduction represents a possible approach for novel energy production systems that sustainably circulate carbon. However, increasing the reductive power of biomass is the main limitation of this potential method. Herein, we demonstrate that Co-doped with small amounts of Pd enhances the reduction of CO by selectively producing an active intermediate from carbohydrates.

Recent advances in CO reduction with renewable reductants under hydrothermal conditions: towards efficient and net carbon benefit CO conversion.

The ever-growing atmospheric CO concentration threatening the environmental sustainability of humankind makes the reduction of CO to chemicals or fuels an ideal solution. Two priorities are anticipated for the conversion technology, high efficiency and net carbon benefit, to ensure the mitigation of the CO problem both promptly and sustainably. Until now, catalytic hydrogenation or solar/electro-chemical CO conversion have achieved CO reduction promisingly while, to some extent, compromising to fulfill the two rules, and thus alternative approaches for CO reduction are necessary.

Promoting nonsymmetric C-C coupling to valuable oxygenates without metal catalysts in alkali aqueous medium.

Efficient conversion of C1 molecules into multicarbon oxygenates is a promising avenue for energy storage. Herein, we synthesize adjustable alkanoic acids/alcohols from formate C1 molecules a hydrothermal reaction without any metal catalyst participation. This is achieved HCO* and HCOO nonsymmetric C-C coupling by alkali catalysis in aqueous medium.

Catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass to harvest high-valued organic acids.

Catalytic conversion of biomass provides an alternative way for the production of organic acids from renewable feedstocks. The emerging process contains complex reactions and strategies to cut down those complex biogenic materials into target molecules. Here, we review the catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass toward high-valued organic acids.

Potential Application Performance of Hydrochar from Kitchen Waste: Effects of Salt, Oil, Moisture, and pH.

The surge in kitchen waste production is causing food-borne disease epidemics and is a public health threat worldwide. Additionally, the effectiveness of conventional treatment approaches may be hampered by KW's high moisture, salt, and oil content. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising new technology to convert waste biomass into environmentally beneficial derivatives.

One-Pot Chitin Conversion to High-Activity Antifungal N,N-Dimethyl Chitosan Oligosaccharides.

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Ning Yan at the National University of Singapore. The image shows the production of modified oligosaccharides from marine biomass as powerful antimicrobial 'weapon' through the 'booster' made of formaldehyde. The Research Article itself is available at 10.

One-Pot Chitin Conversion to High-Activity Antifungal N,N-Dimethyl Chitosan Oligosaccharides.

Chitosan oligosaccharide and its derivatives are known for their diverse biological activities. In this study, we communicate a convenient one-pot synthesis of N,N-dimethyl chitosan oligosaccharide (DMCOS) from chitin via acid-catalyzed tandem depolymerization-deacetylation-N-methylation pathway using formaldehyde as the methylation reagent. The synthesis protocol offers 77 % DMCOS that features a high degree of deacetylation, a high degree of methylation, and a low average molecular weight.

Rhizosphere effect on the relationship between dissolved organic matter and functional genes in contaminated soil.

Arsenic contamination in a mining area is a potential threat to the local population. In the context of one-health, biological pollution in contaminated soil should be known and understandable. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of amendments on arsenic species and potential threat factors (e.

Application of heavy metal immobilization in soil by biochar using machine learning.

Biochar application is a promising strategy for the immobilization of heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soil, while it is always time-consuming and labor-intensive to clarify key influenced factors of soil HM immobilization by biochar. In this study, four machine learning algorithms, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVR), Gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT), and Linear regression (LR) are employed to predict the HMimmobilization ratio. The RF was the best-performance ML model (Training R = 0.

Application of life cycle assessment and machine learning for the production and environmental sustainability assessment of hydrothermal bio-oil.

The hydrothermal bio-oil (HBO) production from biomass conversion can achieve sustainable and low-carbon development. It is always time-consuming and labor-intensive to quantitative relationship between influential variables and bio-oil yield and environmental sustainability impact in the hydrothermal conditions. Machine learning was used to predict bio-oil yield.

Palladium nanoparticles on chitin-derived nitrogen-doped carbon materials for carbon dioxide hydrogenation into formic acid.

Utilizing waste carbon resources to produce chemicals and materials is beneficial to mitigate the fossil fuel consumption and the global warming. In this study, ocean-based chitin biomass and waste shrimp shell powders were employed as the feedstock to prepare Pd loaded nitrogen-doped carbon materials as the catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO)/bicarbonate hydrogenation into formic acid, which simultaneously converts waste biomass into useful materials and CO into a valuable chemical. Three different preparation methods were examined, and the two-stage calcination was the most efficient one to obtain N-doped carbon material with good physicochemical properties as the best Pd support.

Exploration of the Interrelationship within Biomass Pyrolysis Liquid Composition Based on Multivariate Analysis.

The diverse utilization of pyrolysis liquid is closely related to its chemical compositions. Several factors affect PA compositions during the preparation. In this study, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to assess PA compositions data obtained from published paper and experimental data.

Hydrothermal synthesis of similar mineral-sourced humic acid from food waste and the role of protein.

Food waste is a challenging biomass resource due to its high moisture content, low calorific value, and complex composition. Natural humification of animal and plant residues is highly related to microorganism activity, but natural hydrothermal conditions are also speculated to play a significant role. In this work, a novel method for the conversion of food waste into artificial humic acid (HA) under hydrothermal conditions is proposed.

Hydrothermal synthesis of long-chain hydrocarbons up to C with NaHCO-assisted stabilizing cobalt.

Abiotic CO reduction on transition metal minerals has been proposed to account for the synthesis of organic compounds in alkaline hydrothermal systems, but this reaction lacks experimental support, as only short-chain hydrocarbons ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Dissolved organic carbon drives nutrient cycling via microbial community in paddy soil.

Microbial mediated iron cycling drives the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. However, the fate of the microbial community and the relative metabolic pathways in paddy soil after the addition of biogas slurry are poorly understood. In this study, the response of functional genes was investigated by growing one-season rice in paddy soils in a pot experiment.