Advances of mRNA vaccines in genitourinary cancers.

The rapid advancements and declining costs of mRNA technology have led to a significant rise in the use of mRNA-based interventions recently. Unlike traditional drug design schemes, mRNA vaccines rely on next-generation sequencing (NGS) results and were designed individually. mRNA vaccine technology enables the encoding of tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens) to activate immune responses and the delivery of cytokines to modulate the tumor microenvironment.

From non-clinically significant to clinically significant prostate cancer: identifying predictors of discrepancy from biopsy to radical prostatectomy.

Accurate classification between non-clinically significant prostate cancer (non-csPCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) is essential for effective risk stratification and optimal management of prostate cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the consistency between preoperative and postoperative assessments of non-csPCa, and identify preoperative variables that can effectively predict the risk of csPCa. We analyzed data from 277 patients initially classified as non-csPCa after biopsy who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) between August 2015 and January 2024.

Deep learning network enhances imaging quality of low-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging and improves lesion detection in prostate cancer.

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging with higher b-value improves detection rate for prostate cancer lesions. However, obtaining high b-value DWI requires more advanced hardware and software configuration. Here we use a novel deep learning network, NAFNet, to generate a deep learning reconstructed (DLR) images from 800 b-value to mimic 1500 b-value images, and to evaluate its performance and lesion detection improvements based on whole-slide images (WSI).

A propensity score-matched analysis on biopsy methods: enhanced detection rates of prostate cancer with combined cognitive fusion-targeted biopsy.

The choice of biopsy method is critical in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). This retrospective cohort study compared systematic biopsy (SB) or cognitive fusion-targeted biopsy combined with SB (CB) in detecting PCa and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Data from 2572 men who underwent either SB or CB in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (Shanghai, China) between January 2019 and December 2023 were analyzed.

Relationships of body composition and adipocytokines with outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients receiving docetaxel chemotherapy.

We evaluated the relationships of body composition and serum adipocytokine levels with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients receiving docetaxel. The medical records of mCRPC patients who received docetaxel between January 2011 and December 2015 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (Shanghai, China) were reviewed. The following body composition parameters were calculated using computed tomography: skeletal muscle index (SMI), visceral adipose tissue index (VATI), and subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI).

Combination of Androgen Deprivation Therapy with Radical Local Therapy Versus Androgen Deprivation Therapy Alone for Newly Diagnosed Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: A Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Previous studies suggested that men with metastatic prostate cancer might benefit from local treatment of the primary tumor.

Objective: To determine whether radical local therapy (RLT) improves survival for men with oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPCa).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label randomized controlled trial included patients with newly diagnosed OMPCa defined as five or fewer bone or extrapelvic lymph node metastases and no visceral metastases.

Identification of prognostic biomarkers in papillary renal cell carcinoma and PTTG1 may serve as a biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response.

Objective: This study aims to identify potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC).

Methods: Two microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and functional annotations of DEGs were established.

Construction of a robust prognostic model for adult adrenocortical carcinoma: Results from bioinformatics and real-world data.

This study aims to construct a robust prognostic model for adult adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) by large-scale multiomics analysis and real-world data. The RPPA data, gene expression profiles and clinical information of adult ACC patients were obtained from The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Integrated prognosis-related proteins (IPRPs) model was constructed.

High Expression of CD39 is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: The cell-surface ectonucleotidase CD39 is a key molecule of the immunosuppressive adenosine pathway within the tumor microenvironment. However, the relationship between CD39 and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is rarely reported and still remains unclear.

Methods: CD39 expression was first analyzed using the Oncomine and the Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases, and then examined in ccRCC patients (n=367) who had undergone radical nephrectomy using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative PCR analysis (qPCR).

Prognostic value of primary tumor surgery in seminoma patients with distant metastasis at diagnosis: a population-based study.

The aims of this study were to determine the prognostic value of primary tumor surgery and identify optimal candidates for such surgery among patients with seminoma and distant metastasis at diagnosis. We identified 521 patients with seminoma and distant metastasis at diagnosis between 2004 and 2014 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Among these patients, 434 had undergone surgery, whereas 87 had not.

The Role of Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kazal Type 13 (SPINK13) as a Clinicopathological and Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 13 (SPINK13) gene has tumor suppressor activity, but its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate mRNA expression of SPINK13 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) in human tissue and to use bioinformatics data to investigate the role of SPINK13 expression as a clinicopathological and prognostic biomarker for patients with CCRCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with CCRCC (N=533) with available RNA sequence data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-CCRCC database were analyzed with patients who had a tissue diagnosis of CCRCC (N=305) at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC).

Screening and Identification of Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive malignant cancer that has been attracting growing attention over recent decades. This study aims to integrate protein interaction networks with gene expression profiles to identify potential biomarkers with prognostic value . Three microarray data sets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to the normalization annotation information.

Elevated CD36 expression correlates with increased visceral adipose tissue and predicts poor prognosis in ccRCC patients.

Growing evidence has proved obesity one of the confirmed important etiologic indicators for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). is underpinned to be involved in adipose absorption, but its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mRNA expression of in anthropometric measures of adipose tissue and defining its value in predicting prognosis in ccRCC patients.

Prognostic value and immune infiltration of novel signatures in clear cell renal cell carcinoma microenvironment.

Growing evidence has highlighted the immune response as an important feature of carcinogenesis and therapeutic efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). This study categorized ccRCC cases into high and low score groups based on their immune/stromal scores generated by the ESTIMATE algorithm, and identified an association between these scores and prognosis. Differentially expressed tumor environment (TME)-related genes extracted from common upregulated components in immune and stromal scores were described using functional annotations and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks.

Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases 1, 2, and 3 are potential prognostic indicators in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Intratumoral fibrosis is a frequent histologic finding in highly vascularized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we investigated the expression of a family of collagen-modifying enzymes, procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases 1, 2, and 3 (PLOD1/2/3), in ccRCC tissues and assessed the prognostic value of wild-type and genetically mutated PLOD1/2/3 for ccRCC patients. Normal kidney and ccRCC mRNA and protein expression datasets were obtained from Oncomine, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and Human Protein Atlas databases.

Identification of seven long noncoding RNAs signature for prediction of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer.

Accumulating evidence suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) possess a potential role in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and prognosis. Rapid biochemical recurrence (BCR) is considered as a sign for clinical recurrence metastasis and PCa-specific mortality. Hence, the aim of the present study was to identify a lncRNA signature that can predict BCR of PCa accurately.

Prognosis of rare pathological primary urethral carcinoma.

Purpose: Urethral carcinoma (UC), as a rare tumor, is not widely studied. There have been no systematic studies of rare pathological types of UC. We conducted this study to further investigate rare pathological types of primary urethral carcinoma (PUC).

Preoperative prostate health index predicts poor pathologic outcomes of radical prostatectomy in patients with biopsy-detected low-risk patients prostate cancer: results from a Chinese prospective cohort.

Objective: To determine the performance of the prostate health index (PHI) in predicting pathologic outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) in Chinese patients with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: Of all consecutive patients who underwent RP in one tertiary center from September 2013 to January 2017, we prospectively examined the data of 140 patients with low-risk PCa based on the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria. All patients were eligible for active surveillance, but underwent RP.

Functional variants in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene are associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma susceptibility.

Recent studies indicate that abnormal levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is an important component of dyslipidaemia, are associated with alterations to cancer risk, including that of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms at microRNA-binding sites contribute to cancer susceptibility and progression by affecting the messenger RNA (mRNA) function of target genes. In this case-control study, we examined the frequency of six potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in the LDL receptor gene (LDLR) in 1004 clear cell RCC (ccRCC) patients and 1065 cancer-free subjects.

Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio: A Predictor of Advanced Prostate Cancer and Biochemical Recurrence in Patients Receiving Radical Prostatectomy.

The pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is reportedly associated with the clinical outcomes of many cancers. However, it has not been widely investigated whether the pretreatment NLR is associated with the pathological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) and biochemical recurrence in PCa patients receiving radical prostatectomy (RP).In this cohort study, a total of 1688 PCa patients who had undergone RP were analyzed retrospectively, and a subset of 237 of these patients were evaluated to determine the relationship between pretreatment NLR and biochemical recurrence.

Preoperative lymphocyte-monocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios as predictors of overall survival in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Although pretreatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are reportedly associated with clinical outcomes of many cancers, their roles in patients with bladder cancer (BCa) who undergo radical cystectomy (RC) have not been widely investigated. We analyzed relationships between preoperative NLR, LMR, PLR, and overall survival (OS) in 124 BCa patients undergoing RC. OS curves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated using the log-rank test.

Prognostic significance of the TREK-1 K2P potassium channels in prostate cancer.

Background: TREK-1 channels belong to the two-pore domain potassium channel superfamily and play an important role in central nervous system diseases. However, few studies have examined their role in carcinogenesis.

Methods: In this study, we assessed the expression of TREK-1 in 100 prostate cancer (PCa) tissues using immunohistochemistry and further analyzed its clinicopathological significance.

MicroRNA-302a Suppresses Tumor Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting AKT in Prostate Cancer.

Micro (mi) RNAs are important regulators involved in various physical and pathological processes, including cancer. The miRNA-302 family has been documented as playing a critical role in carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNA-302a in prostate cancer (PCa).