Agreement between transurethral resection of bladder tumor and radical cystectomy pathology in patients with bladder cancer subtype histology: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction And Objectives: Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) is a diagnostic staging procedure for bladder cancer (BC). Its pathologic interpretation may be limited by cautery artifact, lack of spatial orientation of tumor specimens, inter-pathologist variance in identifying subtypes, and sampling bias. Accurately identifying subtype histology (SH) on TURBT is critical for clinical decisions.

Interaction between coffee consumption and polygenic risk score in relation to diabetes: insights from the Maastricht study.

Aims: This study investigated the associations of polygenic risk score (PRS) and coffee consumption, as well as their interaction, with prediabetes and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among participants in the southern Netherlands.

Methods: 7668 participants were classified as normal glucose metabolism (NGM), prediabetes, or T2DM based on World Health Organization 2006 criteria. PRS (423 T2DM-related single nucleotide polymorphisms) and coffee consumption (via food frequency questionnaire) were categorized into tertiles (low, medium, and high) based on the population distribution.

Patterns of HER2 Expression in Metastatic Prostate and Urothelial Cancers: Implications for HER2-Targeted Therapies.

Unlabelled: HER2 is an oncogenic driver in multiple cancers and a predictive biomarker for HER2-targeted therapies. Although HER2-directed therapies like fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan are approved for HER2-positive breast and other solid tumors, the landscape of HER2 expression in advanced prostate cancer and urothelial carcinoma remains inadequately characterized. We evaluated HER2 protein expression in metastatic prostate cancer and urothelial carcinoma using a validated IHC assay on tissue microarrays constructed from the University of Washington Tissue Acquisition Necropsy Program.

Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab and Accelerated Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin in Nonurothelial Histologic Subtypes of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Phase 2 Trial.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with histologic subtypes represents a clinical challenge because of poor responses to conventional therapies and under-representation in clinical trials. This single-center phase 2 trial evaluated the combination of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and accelerated methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (aMVAC) chemotherapy in patients with pure or predominant nonurothelial histologies. Seventeen patients were enrolled, with squamous differentiation being the most common variant.

Early and Precise: Treating HRR Alterations in Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Patients with prostate cancer and HRR alterations face worse outcomes. Early use of PARP inhibitors, especially in BRCA-mutated cancers is promising. However, optimal timing, sequencing, and benefits for non-BRCA alterations remain unclear, underscoring the need for well-designed clinical trials and personalized treatment discussions.

Patient-reported Outcomes in KEYLYNK-010: Pembrolizumab Plus Olaparib Versus Abiraterone or Enzalutamide for Participants with Biomarker-unselected, Previously Treated Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background And Objective: Pembrolizumab plus olaparib did not significantly improve radiographic progression-free survival or overall survival versus a next-generation hormonal agent (NHA) in participants with biomarker-unselected, pretreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the phase 3 KEYLYNK-010 trial. We present prespecified patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from KEYLYNK-010.

Methods: Participants were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive pembrolizumab plus olaparib or an NHA (abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide).

Proteomic Profiling of Urinary Large Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer.

Distinguishing between prostate cancer (PCa) and prostatitis poses a challenge in clinical settings, often resulting in overdiagnosis and treatment. Large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) extracted from urine samples of patients may contain information about prostate pathology and are, therefore, potential biopsies for early PCa detection. This research endeavors to create a urinary lEV-centric proteomic approach for early PCa identification.

The associations between sleep-related factors and bladder cancer: A cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the associations between various sleep-related factors and bladder cancer risk. These factors included sleep duration, ease of getting up in the morning, daytime napping, insomnia, snoring, daytime dozing, and chronotype.

Methods: This study is cross-sectional, and the data were obtained from UK Biobank.

The association between diet and bladder cancer risk: a two-sample mendelian randomization.

Purpose: Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common cancer globally, with notable gender and regional differences. Due to the inconclusive impact of diet on BC risk and the inherent biases from observational studies, this research investigates the causal role of dietary patterns (DPs) in BC risk using Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR).

Methods: Genetic variants were used as instrumental variables (IVs) to analyze 14 food/beverage items and four DPs.

Patterns of intra- and intertumor phenotypic heterogeneity in lethal prostate cancer.

Metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease. While there is increasing recognition of diverse tumor phenotypes across patients, less is known about the molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity present within an individual. In this study, we aimed to define the patterns, extent, and consequences of inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity in lethal prostate cancer.

Results from a Phase 2 Study of Induction Docetaxel and Carboplatin Followed by Maintenance Rucaparib in the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer with DNA Homologous Recombination Repair Deficiency.

Background And Objective: Our aim was to determine whether induction chemotherapy followed by PARP inhibitor (PARPi) maintenance improves outcomes for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) harboring alterations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes in comparison to a historical control cohort treated with PARPi monotherapy.

Methods: This single-arm, open-label, investigator-initiated phase 2 trial (NCT02985021) enrolled 18 patients with mCRPC with pathogenic alterations in HRR genes between 2018 and 2021 at a single center. Patients received four cycles of induction chemotherapy with docetaxel (60 mg/m) and carboplatin (area under the curve 5) every 21 d, followed by maintenance rucaparib (600 mg twice daily) until progression or unacceptable toxicity.

The Role of SPECT/CT in 177 Lu-PSMA-617 Theranostics: Case-based Review of Response and Progression Patterns.

Lutetium-177 prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 (Lu-PSMA) has demonstrated efficacy in improving progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Post-treatment single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging is an emerging tool for monitoring treatment response, enabling the tracking of functional changes during therapy. While quantitative SPECT analysis can predict patient outcomes, qualitative assessments are more practical and time-efficient in clinical settings.

Response and Survival With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma and Histology Subtypes.

Background: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) are used for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) in different settings. Most patients have pure UC (PUC) but about one-third have UC mixed with histology subtypes (HS). We examined outcomes in patients with HS aUC treated with ICI.

Prospective evaluation of comprehensive geriatric assessments in multidisciplinary bladder cancer care and implications for personalized vulnerability phenotyping.

Purpose: Frailty predicts adverse outcomes in bladder cancer (BC). Current guidelines endorse completion of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments (CGAs) in older adults prior to treatment election to objectively measure frailty, however, these are rarely performed in urologic practice due to inadequate resources. We hypothesized CGA implementation would be feasible and identify multifaceted vulnerabilities beyond standard risk assessments in a multidisciplinary BC clinic and developed a novel method to visualize "vulnerability phenotypes" to guide supportive interventions.

The Association between Tea Consumption and Bladder Cancer Risk Based on the Bladder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) International Consortium.

Objectives: Evidence regarding the association between tea consumption and bladder cancer (BC) risk is inconsistent. This study aimed to increase our knowledge of the association by using international data from the Bladder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants Consortium.

Methods: Individual data on 2,347 cases and 6,871 controls from 15 case-control studies with information on black, green, herbal, or general tea was pooled.

Cohort Profile: TRacing Etiology of Non-communicable Diseases (TREND): Rationale, Progress and Perspective.

Unlabelled: The TRacing Etiology of Non-communicable Diseases (TREND) cohort is a prospective longitudinal cohort and biobank that is mainly based in Ma'anshan, Anhui Province, China. The primary aim of the study is to decipher comprehensive molecular characterization and deep phenotyping for a broad spectrum of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which focuses on providing mechanistic insights with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. The recruitment was initiated in 2023 and is expected to complete in 2025 with 20,000 participants originated from urban and rural area.

VaxBot-HPV: a GPT-based chatbot for answering HPV vaccine-related questions.

Objective: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is an effective measure to prevent and control the diseases caused by HPV. However, widespread misinformation and vaccine hesitancy remain significant barriers to its uptake. This study focuses on the development of VaxBot-HPV, a chatbot aimed at improving health literacy and promoting vaccination uptake by providing information and answering questions about the HPV vaccine.

Association of Prior PARP Inhibitor Exposure with Clinical Outcomes after Lu-PSMA-617 in Men with Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer and Mutations in DNA Homologous Recombination Repair Genes.

Background And Objective: The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand Lu-PSMA-617 (LuPSMA) is approved for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for patients with mCRPC and mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway genes. Both modalities induce DNA damage and therefore may share mechanisms of resistance.

The association between insomnia (related symptoms) and glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Insomnia characterised by difficulties in falling asleep and maintaining sleep, and early awaking, is a prevalent worldwide sleep disorder. While previous studies have suggested an association between insomnia and adverse glycaemic control, the evidence remains inconclusive. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to explore this association.

High-Efficiency Capture and Proteomic Analysis of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles through Affinity Purification.

Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising sources of biomarkers. It is still a challenge to isolate EVs from a small amount of human plasma for downstream proteomic analysis. The isolation process is hindered by contamination with high-abundance blood proteins and lipoprotein particles, which adversely impact proteomic analyses.

Tucatinib and trastuzumab in HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer: a phase 2 basket trial.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, also known as ERBB2) signaling promotes cell growth and differentiation, and is overexpressed in several tumor types, including breast, gastric and colorectal cancer. HER2-targeted therapies have shown clinical activity against these tumor types, resulting in regulatory approvals. However, the efficacy of HER2 therapies in tumors with HER2 mutations has not been widely investigated.

Clinical Outcomes With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With FGFR2/3, MTAP or ERBB2 Genomic Alterations in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: FGFR2/3, MTAP and ERBB2 genomic alterations have treatment targets in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). These alterations may affect tumor microenvironment and outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in aUC.

Patients And Methods: We identified patients with available genomic data in our multi-institution cohort of patients with aUC treated with ICI.