Agreement between transurethral resection of bladder tumor and radical cystectomy pathology in patients with bladder cancer subtype histology: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction And Objectives: Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) is a diagnostic staging procedure for bladder cancer (BC). Its pathologic interpretation may be limited by cautery artifact, lack of spatial orientation of tumor specimens, inter-pathologist variance in identifying subtypes, and sampling bias. Accurately identifying subtype histology (SH) on TURBT is critical for clinical decisions.

Temporal Trends and Socioeconomic Determinants of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Utilization for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the USA.

Background And Objective: The evolving treatment landscape in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) since the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has rendered the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) unclear. We sought to quantify CN utilization in the USA over the past two decades and assess factors that affect access to CN.

Methods: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample database from 2006 to 2021, identifying mRCC patients who underwent CN using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes.

Response and Survival With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma and Histology Subtypes.

Background: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) are used for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) in different settings. Most patients have pure UC (PUC) but about one-third have UC mixed with histology subtypes (HS). We examined outcomes in patients with HS aUC treated with ICI.

Design and Modeling of a Bio-Inspired Aequorin-Based Light-emitting Unit: Applications in Optogenetics and Beyond.

Biophotonics includes a wide range of applications that use light-based technologies to investigate and manipulate biological systems. Traditionally, bioluminescence has been extensively used as a reporting agent in various biophotonics applications. However, its potential as a light source has not been explored.

Clinical Outcomes With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With FGFR2/3, MTAP or ERBB2 Genomic Alterations in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: FGFR2/3, MTAP and ERBB2 genomic alterations have treatment targets in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). These alterations may affect tumor microenvironment and outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in aUC.

Patients And Methods: We identified patients with available genomic data in our multi-institution cohort of patients with aUC treated with ICI.

Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data.

Background And Objective: The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is controversial. We aimed to investigate the survival benefit of CN in patients with mRCC treated with ICIs.

Methods: We searched the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases up to August 26, 2023 to identify studies comparing overall survival (OS) for patients with mRCC treated with ICIs with or without CN.

Upfront Versus Deferred Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Despite its well-established role in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), the optimal timing of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) is unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the overall survival (OS) between upfront (uCN) and deferred (dCN) CN.

Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were queried (end of search date: August 26, 2023) for studies comparing OS between uCN and dCN in mRCC patients.

Design of Bio-Optical Transceiver for In Vivo Biomedical Sensor Applications.

This paper presents an enhanced version of our previously developed bio-optical transceiver, presenting a significant advancement in nanosensor technology. Using self-assembled polymers, this nanodevice is capable of electron detection while maintaining biocompatibility, an essential feature for in vivo medical biosensors. This enhancement finds significance in the field of infectious disease control, particularly in the early detection of respiratory viruses, including high-threat pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2.

Correction: Prediction of outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with second line PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors based on clinical parameters: Results from a prospective, single institution study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Correction: Effect of body tissue composition on the outcome of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Response and Outcomes of Maintenance Avelumab After Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (PBC) in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma (aUC): "Real World" Experience.

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) followed by avelumab switch maintenance in nonprogressors is standard first line (1L) treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). We describe clinical features and outcomes in a "real-world' cohort treated with avelumab maintenance for aUC.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients (pts) who received 1L switch maintenance avelumab after no progression on PBC for aUC.

Role of Underlying Liver Pathology in the Development of Immune-Related Hepatitis: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Immune-related hepatitis (irH) is a serious immune-related adverse event (IRAE) that may result in morbidity, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy interruption and, rarely, mortality. The impact of underlying liver pathology, including liver metastasis, on the incidence of irH remains poorly understood.

Objectives: We hypothesized that the presence of underlying liver pathology increased the risk of irH in patients with cancer treated with ICI.

Simulation and Performance Evaluation of a Bio-Inspired Nanogenerator for Medical Applications.

Providing sufficient energy for autonomous systems at the nanoscale is one of the major challenges of the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT). Existing battery technologies and conventional integrated circuits cannot be used in such small dimensions. Even if they are small enough to be used at the nano level, they still cannot be used in medical applications due to biocompatibility issues.

Critical evaluation and comparison of nutritional clinical practice guidelines for cancer patients.

Background: The growing incidence of cancer globally, and the importance of nutrition support for these patients, emphasize the need for the development of nutritional clinical practice guidelines and consensus papers (CPGs) in the field. Numerous relevant CPGs have been published by several organizations worldwide. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the content of the existing CPGs and evaluate the quality of their development using the AGREE-II tool.

Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for overall and disease-specific survival in patients with sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma.

Introduction: Sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma (SUC) is a rare and aggressive variant of bladder cancer with limited data guiding prognosis. In this study, we present the first prognostic nomograms in the literature for 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS), for patients with SUC derived from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results database (SEER).

Materials And Methods: Patients with SUC were identified by using the ICD-10 topography codes C67.

Sharding-Based Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols: Key Components & Probabilistic Security Analysis.

Blockchain technology has been gaining great interest from a variety of sectors including healthcare, supply chain, and cryptocurrencies. However, Blockchain suffers from a limited ability to scale (i.e.

Effect of body tissue composition on the outcome of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Obesity and sarcopenia have been reported to affect outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We analyzed prospective data from 52 patients with non-oncogene driven metastatic NSCLC treated with ICIs. Body tissue composition was calculated by measuring the fat and muscle densities at the level of 3rd lumbar vertebra in each patient computed tomography scan before ICI initiation using sliceOmatic tomovision.

A Phase 1/2 Study of Rapamycin and Cisplatin/Gemcitabine for Treatment of Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Introduction: Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by cystectomy is the standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), however, NAC confers only a small survival benefit and new strategies are needed to increase its efficacy. Pre-clinical data suggest that in response to DNA damage the tumor microenvironment (TME) adopts a paracrine secretory phenotype dependent on mTOR signaling which may provide an escape mechanism for tumor resistance, thus offering an opportunity to increase NAC effectiveness with mTOR blockade.

Patients & Methods: We conducted a phase I/II clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of gemcitabine-cisplatin-rapamycin combination.

Treatment Rechallenge With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Objectives: To examine patient and disease characteristics, toxicity, and clinical outcomes for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) who are rechallenged with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapy.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective cohort, we included patients treated with ICI for aUC after having prior ICI treatment. Endpoints included the evaluation of radiographic response and disease control rates with first and second ICI courses, outcomes based on whether there was a change in ICI class (anti-PD-1 vs.

Intravesical BCG and Incidence of Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Bladder Cancer: Results From an Administrative Dataset.

Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and immunomodulation offers treatment opportunities. Preclinical data suggest that intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment could delay AD development. We investigated this relationship in a population-based cancer database.

Association of the Time to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Initiation and Outcomes With Second Line ICI in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Early progression on first-line (1L) platinum-based therapy or between therapy lines may be a surrogate of more aggressive disease and poor outcomes in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC), but its prognostic role regarding immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response and survival is unclear. We hypothesized that shorter time until start of second-line (2L) ICI would be associated with worse outcomes in aUC.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective multi-institution cohort study in patients with aUC treated with 1L platinum-based chemotherapy, who received 2L ICI.

Immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: From clinical trials to real-world data and future advances.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. HCC is an inflammation-associated immunogenic cancer that frequently arises in chronically inflamed livers. Advanced HCC is managed with systemic therapies; the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sorafenib has been used in 1-line setting since 2007.

Association Between Sites of Metastasis and Outcomes With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Sites of metastasis have prognostic significance in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC), but more information is needed regarding outcomes based on metastatic sites in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We hypothesized that presence of liver/bone metastases would be associated with worse outcomes with ICI.

Methods: We identified a retrospective cohort of patients with aUC across 26 institutions, collecting demographics, clinicopathological, treatment, and outcomes information.

Cancer Cachexia and Antitumor Immunity: Common Mediators and Potential Targets for New Therapies.

Cancer cachexia syndrome (CCS) is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome affecting a significant proportion of patients. CCS is characterized by progressive weight loss, alterations of body composition and a systemic inflammatory status, which exerts a major impact on the host's innate and adaptive immunity. Over the last few years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) transformed the treatment landscape for a wide spectrum of malignancies, creating an unprecedented opportunity for long term remissions in a significant subset of patients.