Effects of Accelerated Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation Targeting the Superior Frontal Gyrus on Cognitive Function in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia, significantly contributing to poor prognosis. However, effective treatments for cognitive deficits remain limited. Accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation (aiTBS) targeting the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) is a promising intervention for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, though evidence remains scarce.

Metformin-improved cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia is correlated with activation of tricarboxylic acid cycle and restored functional connectivity of hippocampus.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a prominent feature that adversely affects the long-term prognosis of schizophrenia; yet effective clinical strategies for treatment remain limited. Disruptions in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and functional brain abnormalities in the hippocampus may underlie cognitive deficits, although the intrinsic connections between these factors have yet to be fully elucidated. Notably, metformin, a biguanide anti-hyperglycemic agent, has been shown to improve several cognitive domains in patients with schizophrenia and may have the potential to regulate the TCA cycle.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Reducing Food Reinforcement in Patients Pursuing Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: A Within-Participants Sham-Controlled Pilot Trial.

Individuals who undergo metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) and have high preoccupation with and drive to consume palatable foods are at risk of overeating and suboptimal outcomes after MBS. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, shows promise for altering cognitive aspects of food reward. Yet, no study has examined rTMS effects on behavioral aspects of food reward in the context of MBS.

Subgroups of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia characterized by executive function and their morphological features: a latent profile analysis study.

Background: The heterogeneity of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia has been widely observed. However, reliable cognitive boundaries to differentiate the subgroups remain elusive. The key challenge for cognitive subtyping is applying an integrated and standardized cognitive assessment and understanding the subgroup-specific neurobiological mechanisms.

Exploring the latent cognitive structure in schizophrenia: implications for antipsychotic treatment responses.

Background: Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia present diverse degrees and types of cognitive impairment, leading to variations in responses to antipsychotic treatments. Understanding the underlying cognitive structures is crucial for assessing this heterogeneity. Utilizing latent profile analysis (LPA) enables the delineation of latent categories of cognitive function.

The effect of continuous theta burst stimulation on antipsychotic-induced weight gain in first-episode drug-naive individuals with schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled feasibility trial.

Antipsychotic intake may induce weight gain in drug-naive individuals with schizophrenia, leading to poor compliance in clinical management. However, there is still a lack of effective approaches to treat or prevent this side-effect. Therefore, we conducted this pilot study to investigate the effect of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), a non-invasive magnetic stimulation technique, on preventing olanzapine-induced weight gain.

The Effect of Accelerated Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation on Weight Loss in Overweight Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background And Hypothesis: Obesity is a common comorbidity in individuals with schizophrenia and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. At present, there are limited effective approaches for addressing this issue. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of noninvasive magnetic stimulation techniques in reducing obesity in individuals with schizophrenia.

Metformin improves cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia: associated with enhanced functional connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, which is aggravated by antipsychotics-induced metabolic disturbance and lacks effective pharmacologic treatments in clinical practice. Our previous study demonstrated the efficiency of metformin in alleviating metabolic disturbance following antipsychotic administration. Here we report that metformin could ameliorate cognitive impairment and improve functional connectivity (FC) in prefrontal regions.

The clinical application of Chinese herbal medication to depression: A narrative review.

Depression severely impairs psychosocial functioning and quality of life, which places a huge burden on patients and their families. However, the physiological mechanism of depression remains unknown. Treatment with existing antidepressant medications is effective in around 50% of patients according to various studies, but is associated with severe side effects including nausea and headaches.

Probiotics Plus Dietary Fiber Supplements Attenuate Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain in Drug-Naïve First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background And Hypothesis: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is associated with alterations to the composition of the gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of probiotics plus dietary fiber on antipsychotic-induced weight gain.

Study Design: Two sequential, randomized clinical trials were conducted.

The effects of probiotics plus dietary fiber on antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a randomized clinical trial.

Probiotics plus dietary fiber has demonstrated efficacy in improving metabolic abnormalities. However, the efficacy of probiotics and dietary fiber as well as their association with microbiota in attenuating antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic disturbance remains poorly understood. Here we analyzed results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to compare and evaluate the effects of probiotics, dietary fiber, and their combination for antipsychotic-induced weight gain in patients with a severe mental disorder.

Sulforaphane Effects on Cognition and Symptoms in First and Early Episode Schizophrenia: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial.

Objective: Cognitive symptoms are associated with significant dysfunction in schizophrenia. Oxidative stress and inflammation involving histone deacetylase (HDAC) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Sulforaphane has antioxidant properties and is an HDAC inhibitor.

Association between olanzapine concentration and metabolic dysfunction in drug-naive and chronic patients: similarities and differences.

Second-generation antipsychotics are widely used to treat schizophrenia but their use could induce metabolic dysfunction. To balance efficacy and side effects, various guidelines recommend the use of therapeutic drug monitoring. Given the controversial relationship between olanzapine serum concentration and metabolic dysfunction, its use in clinical practice is still debated.

PCSK9 mediates dyslipidemia induced by olanzapine treatment in schizophrenia patients.

Rationale: It is controversial whether dyslipidemia induced by antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients is due to weight gain or direct effects of drug treatment. However, recent evidence showed that olanzapine can cause acute dyslipidemia independent of weight change, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Objective: To study the role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia, we analyzed in schizophrenic patients and in experimental models involving mice and cells to understand the mechanism.

Effect of Bifidobacterium on olanzapine-induced body weight and appetite changes in patients with psychosis.

Rationale: Gut microbiota plays an important role in host metabolism. Antipsychotic drugs can result in metabolic abnormalities. Probiotics may ameliorate the antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic abnormalities by regulating gut microbiota.

Optimizing and Individualizing the Pharmacological Treatment of First-Episode Schizophrenic Patients: Study Protocol for a Multicenter Clinical Trial.

Affecting ~1% of the world population, schizophrenia is known as one of the costliest and most burdensome diseases worldwide. Antipsychotic medications are the main treatment for schizophrenia to control psychotic symptoms and efficiently prevent new crises. However, due to poor compliance, 74% of patients with schizophrenia discontinue medication within 1.

Dietary fiber and probiotics for the treatment of atypical antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Atypical antipsychotic medications, which are effective for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are associated with features of metabolic syndrome, such as weight gain, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Although there are a few studies on the effects of dietary fiber or probiotics on weight loss in obese people, no published trials have reported the efficacy of dietary fiber and probiotics on reducing atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain.

Methods: For this 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 100 patients with a weight gain of more than 10% after taking atypical antipsychotic medications were recruited.

Association Between Bipolar Disorder and Low Bone Mass: A Cross-Sectional Study With Newly Diagnosed, Drug-Naïve Patients.

Background: Medical comorbidities in people with mental disorders have recently gained more attention. People with bipolar disorder (BD) often have comorbid low bone mass, which is associated with increased fracture risk and related severe outcomes. However, few clinical studies on bone metabolism in BD patients are available.

[Metformin treatment of antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia: analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials].

To examine the efficacy and safety for metformin in treating antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia.
 Methods: Two randomized placebo-controlled trials were included in the analysis. A total of 201 schizophrenia patients with dyslipidemia after treatment with an antipsychotic were collected, and the patients were divided into two groups: a 1 000 mg/d metformin group (n=103) and a placebo group (n=98).

Effect of Betahistine and Metformin on Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: An Analysis of Two Clinical Trials.

Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is one of the most common adverse effects of antipsychotic treatment. However, there are no well-established interventions for the weight gain yet. In this study, we pooled the data from two clinical trials, which were originally examining the efficacy of betahistine and the efficacy of metformin in treating antipsychotic-induced weight gain and insulin resistance.