Tea and Cola Stainability of Full Veneer Crowns Constructed from Repressed Conventional and Novel Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Ingots: An In Vitro Study.

Background: A large number of dental restorations are constructed from heat-pressed lithium disilicate (LDS) glass-ceramic ingots. These ingots' mechanical properties have not been adversely affected by repressing or repeating their processing. Despite this, little is known about the stainability of these LDS ceramic ingots that have been repeatedly processed.

Dual-action of clotrimazole loaded - nanosponges vaginal gel for spermicidal action and treatment of vaginal candidiasis: Optimization, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo experiments.

Clotrimazole (CLO) is a strong antifungal drug approved to treat vaginal candidiasis (VC). Nanosponges (NSs) were developed to maintain providing CLO in a steady pattern with amplified accumulation in the vaginal mucosa. The quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method was utilized to prepare NSs.

Tackling acne vulgaris by fabrication of tazarotene-loaded essential oil-based microemulsion: and evaluation.

This study aimed to formulate and optimize an anti-acne drug namely tazarotene (TZR) in essential oil-based microemulsion (ME) using either Jasmine oil (Jas) or Jojoba oil (Joj). TZR-MEs were prepared using two experimental designs (Simplex Lattice Design®) and characterized for droplet size, polydispersity index, and viscosity. Further , and investigations were performed for the selected formulations.

Evaluation of two different approaches of health education (Tailored leaflet vs Video) on referral compliance for prosthetic replacement of missing teeth among the patients at a university dental care center.

Background: Prosthodontic replacement of missing teeth is necessary to maintain function, aesthetics and prevent further oral complications.

Objective: To assess whether health education 'video' increased prosthodontics treatment demand for replacing missing teeth compared to traditional health education (IEC) 'leaflet' among patients visiting a university dental care centre, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A non-randomized educational intervention was conducted among the patients who had missing teeth.

Ion-Triggered In Situ Gelling Intranasal Spray of Dronedarone Hydrochloride Nanocarriers: In Vitro Optimization and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Appraisal.

The current study aims to develop niosomal nanocarriers for intranasal delivery of dronedarone hydrochloride to ameliorate its limited bioavailability. Niosomes were prepared by ethanol injection method and optimized using 3² full factorial experimental design. Both Span type (X1) and Span: cholesterol ratio (X2) were set as independent variables.

Design Space Approach for the Optimization of Green Fluidized Bed Granulation Process in the Granulation of a Poorly Water-Soluble Fenofibrate Using Design of Experiment.

In the pharmaceutical industry, the systematic optimization of process variables using a quality-by-design (QbD) approach is highly precise, economic and ensures product quality. The current research presents the implementation of a design-of-experiment (DoE) driven QbD approach for the optimization of key process variables of the green fluidized bed granulation (GFBG) process. A 3 full-factorial design was performed to explore the effect of water amount (X; 1-6% /) and spray rate (X; 2-8 g/min) as key process variables on critical quality attributes (CQAs) of granules and tablets.

Polymeric versus lipid nanocapsules for miconazole nitrate enhanced topical delivery: and evaluation.

Nanocapsules can be equated to other nanovesicular systems in which a drug is entrapped in a void containing liquid core surrounded by a coat. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential of polymeric and lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) as innovative carrier systems for miconazole nitrate (MN) topical delivery. Polymeric nanocapsules and LNCs were prepared using emulsification/nanoprecipitation technique where the effect of poly(ε-caprolactone (PCL) and lipid matrix concentrations with respect to MN were assessed.

Formulation and Optimization of Nanospanlastics for Improving the Bioavailability of Green Tea Epigallocatechin Gallate.

The present study aimed to investigate the potential of nanospanlastics for boosting the bioavailability of epigallocatechin gallate‎ (EGCG). EGCG has valuable effects like anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-tumorigenesis. Unfortunately, it has a low oral bioavailability due to its limited permeation and poor stability.

Proniosomal Telmisartan Tablets: Formulation, in vitro Evaluation and in vivo Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study in Rabbits.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to prepare proniosomal vesicles of Telmisartan (TEL) to be compressed into tablets which will be further evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Materials And Methods: An experimental design was adopted using surfactants of different HLB values (span 40-brij 35), different cholesterol ratios (20-50%) and different phospholipid types (egg yolk-soyabean). Different responses were measured followed by tablet manufacturing.

Assessment Of Spanlastic Vesicles Of Zolmitriptan For Treating Migraine In Rats.

Objective: To develop and evaluate zolmitriptan spanlastics (Zol SLs) as a brain-targeted antimigraine delivery system. Spanlastics (SLs) prepared using span 60: tween 80 (70:30%, respectively) gave the highest percentage of entrapment efficiency (EE%).

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups (n=10 rats/group).

Nanogel loaded with surfactant based nanovesicles for enhanced ocular delivery of acetazolamide.

Intraocular pressure has always been a great challenge for topical ophthalmic drugs. The study aimed to develop ocular surfactant based nanovesicles (NVs) carried in mucoadhesive nanogel providing efficient topical delivery of acetazolamide (ACZ). For the sake of optimizing formulation parameters, the effect of the type of edge activator and its ratio to sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) on the mean particle size, entrapment efficiency (%EE), and zeta potential (ZP) of produced NVs was investigated.

Non-ionic surfactant based vesicular drug delivery system for topical delivery of caffeine for treatment of cellulite: design, formulation, characterization, histological anti-cellulite activity, and pharmacokinetic evaluation.

Cellulite is a common topographical alteration where skin acquires an orange peel or mattress appearance with alterations in adipose tissue and microcirculation. This work aims to develop and evaluate a topical niosomal gel formulae with good permeation to reach the subcutaneous fat layer. Several caffeine niosomal dispersions were prepared and incorporated into gel formulae using Carbopol 940 polymer, chemical penetration enhancers, and iontophoresis, then the prepared gels were applied onto the skin of rats and anticellulite activity of caffeine from the prepared gels compared to that of the commercial product Cellu Destock was evaluated by histological study of the skin and measurement of plasma level of caffeine passing through the skin using liquid chromatography (LC/MS-MS).

Biodegradable polymeric microcapsules for sustained release of riboflavin.

In the current study, a series of polylactic acid and polylactic-co-glycolic acid were prepared in an easy, simple, safe and economically feasible way with yield% greater than 90%. Studying the effect of a catalyst on polymerization process was performed. Riboflavin (RF) was chosen as a model drug and microencapsulated in different (drug: polymer) ratios to modify its performance via o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique and characterized in terms of the morphology and entrapment efficiency (E.