Outcomes of needle-assisted circumferential goniotomy (NAG) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of needle-assisted circumferential goniotomy (NAG) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective interventional study. Patients diagnosed with PCG, aged <2 years with good corneal clarity, who underwent NAG procedure in a single tertiary eye care center, were included in the study and were followed up regularly in the post-operative period.

Comparison of Dorzolamide and Netarsudil on Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Perfusion in Early Glaucoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Precis: Netarsudil shows promise as a second line drug in early glaucoma patients with an increase in most OCTA parameters as compared to Dorzolamide, with comparable rates of side effects.

Objective: To compare the effect of Netarsudil and Dorzolamide on macular and optic nerve head (ONH) perfusion changes on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), and macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness on OCT in preperimetric/early glaucoma patients.

Participants And Methods: In this prospective, randomized, parallel group, active controlled trial 90 preperimetric/early glaucoma eyes were recruited.

Role of Endocannabinoids in Glaucoma: A Review.

Aims: A review of the published literature was done to understand the role of endocannabinoids in glaucoma.

Background: As evidence mounts that intraocular pressure (IOP) is not the only factor in the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma, a look into other aspects is the need of the hour. From the first instance of a drop in IOP linked to marijuana in the 1970s to the present, research has been ongoing, mostly in animals and models, with a scarcity of human studies, to delve into the world of the endocannabinoid system (ECS).

Intrastromal Keratoplasty Using Biosynthetic Corneas Versus Human Donor Corneas in Advanced Keratoconus.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of intrastromal keratoplasty using biosynthetic corneas with human donor corneas in cases of advanced keratoconus.

Methods: A prospective nonblinded randomized controlled study was conducted at a tertiary eye center in India. Treatment-naïve patients with advanced keratoconus aged 18 years or older were included.

Interventional glaucoma: Rethinking glaucoma treatment paradigms in the Asian context.

The emergence and advancements in glaucoma treatment modalities have expanded the options available to clinicians, particularly for patients with mild to moderate glaucoma. These newer approaches, such as minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries and selective laser trabeculoplasty, aim to effectively reduce intraocular pressure and potentially improve patient outcomes. 'Interventional glaucoma' reflects a paradigm shift in the glaucoma management strategies and involves adopting a more proactive approach and offering these interventions at earlier stages of the disease.

Cognitive Impairment in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Case-Control Study.

Prcis: Cognitive impairment in multiple domains was observed in primary open angle glaucoma patients as compared with age and gender-matched healthy controls.

Objective: Evaluation of cognitive impairment in individuals with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: In this case-control study, individuals with POAG (cases, n=70) were compared with age-matched and sex-matched healthy individuals (controls, n=70) using detailed ophthalmological evaluation, cognitive assessment, and serum cortisol level.

Aqueous Angiography-Guided Bent Ab Interno Needle Goniectomy in High Versus Low Aqueous Humor Outflow Regions in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Prcis: Trabecular cutting minimally invasive glaucoma surgery like bent ab interno needle goniectomy (BANG) when performed in baseline aqueous angiography identified low aqueous humor outflow regions, results in greater success of intraocular pressure reduction.

Purpose: To study the efficacy of bent ab interno needle goniectomy (BANG) in high versus low aqueous humor outflow (AHO) regions as determined by aqueous angiography (AA) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: A prospective, single-centre, pilot, randomized control trial recruited 30 eyes of 30 patients of POAG and visually significant cataract (45-80 y) and were randomised into 2 groups ("A": BANG performed in the high-flow regions and "B": BANG performed in the low-flow regions) of 15 each.

Extranuclear DNA Variations in the Susceptibility of Glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide which affects all age groups. It is often identified by high intraocular pressure, characteristic optic neuropathy, and vision loss. Due to multifactorial nature of glaucoma pathogenesis, the molecular events responsible for its precipitation are currently poorly understood.

Outcomes of bent ab interno needle goniectomy with phacoemulsification in moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of bent ab interno needle goniectomy (BANG) in moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes undergoing phacoemulsification (phaco).

Design: Single-arm, prospective, interventional study.

Methods: POAG patients with medically uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP), >15 mmHg for moderate and >12 mmHg for severe POAG, with visually significant cataract were recruited.

Evaluation of Visual Cortex Activity Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Primary Open Angle and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma: A Pilot Study.

Prcis: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess visual cortical activity in patients with primary open angle (POAG) and primary angle closure (PACG) glaucomas. There was decreased activity in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients correlating with the severity of glaucoma.

Objective: To evaluate visual cortex activity using fNIRS in POAG and PACG compared with healthy controls.

Clinical applications of aqueous angiography in glaucoma.

Aqueous humor outflow (AHO) pathways are the main site of resistance causing elevated intraocular pressure in glaucoma, especially primary open-angle glaucoma patients. With the recently introduced technique of aqueous angiography (AA); functional, real time assessment of AHO from proximal (trabecuar meshwork) to distal pathways under physiological conditions has been made possible. AHO pathways are segmental, and AA can identify high-flow region (increased angiographic signals) and low flow region (decreased angiographic signals) in an individual.

Endocannabinoids and cortisol in plasma, aqueous and tear samples of primary angle closure glaucoma versus controls.

Purpose: To compare the levels of endocannabinoids (EC) in plasma, aqueous humor and tears, cortisol in plasma and aqueous, in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and controls, while comparing the quality of life in both groups.

Methods: A total of 60 patients, ≥40years of age, with a diagnosis of PACG or cataract, 30 in each group were recruited. They were subjected to a detailed ophthalmic evaluation, a WHO Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire answering and collection of tear, aqueous and blood samples.

Changes in confocal microscopy in glaucoma patients after intraocular pressure reduction with medical therapy.

Purpose: Topical glaucoma medication is the first line of management to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma. In this study, we intended to compare the ultrastructural findings of the cornea in patients with glaucoma before and after the reduction of the IOP through confocal microscopy.

Methods: Ten patients (19 eyes) with newly diagnosed glaucoma were recruited from the glaucoma services of our tertiary care center.

Efficacy of Micropulse Laser Cyclophotocoagulation Therapy in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma.

Prcis: In primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), micropulse cyclophotocoagulation resulted in a significant reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP), and the number of antiglaucoma medications without any sight-threatening complications. However, the IOP lowering efficacy decreased over time.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) in PACG.

Effect of "365 Breathing Technique" on Intraocular Pressure and Autonomic Functions in Patients With Glaucoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Prcis: Patients with primary open angle glaucoma were advised to follow the "365 breathing technique" for 6 weeks in addition to their pharmacological glaucoma treatment. It helped to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), stress biomarker-cortisol, and improve autonomic dysfunction.

Objective: To study the effect of the "365 breathing technique" on IOP, autonomic functions, and stress biomarkers in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.

Intraoperative optical coherence tomography-guided transconjunctival bleb suturing - A minimally invasive technique for managing overfiltering bleb.

With the recent advancement in technologies, real-time integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) microscopes are available, which facilitates surgical precision and also reduces the risk of complications. Two glaucoma patients with advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy, who underwent uneventful trabeculectomy with 0.02% mitomycin C, developed persistent hypotony postoperatively till 4-6 weeks.

Oral doxycycline for early bleb leak after trabeculectomy: A case report and review of literature.

We report the adjuvant role of oral doxycycline therapy for the management of early bleb leaks post mitomycin-augmented trabeculectomy. Two glaucoma patients, who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, presented with a low intraocular pressure (IOP) in the early postoperative period. Both patients had moderately elevated bleb with Seidel's positive test.

Evaluation of ADRB2 and OATP2A1 genetic polymorphisms in Indian patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

The emergence of adrenergic β2-receptor (ADRB2) blockers has revolutionized glaucoma treatment, while the discovery of prostaglandin analogs has further expanded therapeutic options. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2A1 (OATP2A1/SLCO2A1) facilitates the corneal transport of topical prostaglandins into anterior segment of eye. Our study aims to elucidate the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in the ADRB2 and OATP2A1 to address variations in therapeutic responses among glaucoma patients.

Untargeted metabolomics in the aqueous humor reveals the involvement of TAAR pathway in glaucoma.

Understanding the metabolic dysfunctions and underlying complex pathological mechanisms of neurodegeneration in glaucoma could help discover disease pathways, identify novel biomarkers, and rationalize newer therapeutics. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the local metabolomic alterations in the aqueous humor and plasma of primary glaucomatous patients. This study cohort comprised primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and cataract control groups.

Encapsulated bleb with scleral fistula - A diagnostic dilemma treated by a simple procedure.

We present a case of post-trabeculectomy encapsulated dysesthetic bleb with scleral fistula, managed successfully with autograft. The child was operated on twice before for trabeculectomy, and intraocular pressure (IOP) recorded was in the normal range for the initial few years. This time child presented with a large encapsulated dysesthetic bleb with borderline IOP.