Clinical recommendations for the management of Pythium insidiosum keratitis.

Pythium insidiosum has emerged as a challenging cause of keratitis in recent decades, due to its unique microbiological and clinical features, often is mistaken for fungal keratitis. Anti-fungal therapies have proven ineffective due to the organism's distinct cellular structure. Based on in vitro and in vivo models there has been a shift towards the use of antibacterial agents like linezolid and azithromycin, which have shown promising results.

Human oral pharmacokinetics of 4-hydroxy isoleucine and dosage simulation studies for predicting its pharmacodynamics in diabetes.

Introduction: 4-hydroxy isoleucine (4-HIL), a potent glucose-lowering agent and insulin secretagogue, is widely available in nutraceutical market as fenugreek seed extract formulations. This study aims to elucidate the oral pharmacokinetics (PK) of 4-HIL in healthy human volunteers to standardize its dose and dosing regimen, ensuring its potential for effective diabetes management.

Methodology: Twelve healthy volunteers received a single oral administration of 150 mg of 4-HIL as fenugreek seed extract tablets.

Role of Endocannabinoids in Glaucoma: A Review.

Aims: A review of the published literature was done to understand the role of endocannabinoids in glaucoma.

Background: As evidence mounts that intraocular pressure (IOP) is not the only factor in the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma, a look into other aspects is the need of the hour. From the first instance of a drop in IOP linked to marijuana in the 1970s to the present, research has been ongoing, mostly in animals and models, with a scarcity of human studies, to delve into the world of the endocannabinoid system (ECS).

Role of Topical Fumagillin 0.007% in the Management of Microsporidial Stromal Keratitis: Interventional Pilot Study with Literature Review.

Purpose: The standard management of Microsporidial Stromal Keratitis (MSK) traditionally involves therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, often accompanied by complications. This pilot study investigated medical management, evaluating outcomes using topical fumagillin alone or in combination with topical voriconazole and oral albendazole.

Methods: Mild to moderate MSK cases (January 2019-2024) with informed consent were included.

Efficacy of 265 nm ultraviolet C light in the treatment of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in vitro and in an in vivo murine model.

Background: This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of 265 nanometer (nm) ultraviolet C (UVC) light using 1.93 mW/cm against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) keratitis.