Sphk2 in ischemic stroke pathogenesis: Roles, mechanisms, and regulation strategies.

Ischemic stroke, a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, is characterized by acute cerebral artery occlusion leading to neuronal death and functional deficits. Despite advances in reperfusion therapies, the lack of effective neuroprotective agents underscores the need for novel therapeutic strategies targeting secondary injury mechanisms. Sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2) has emerged as a pivotal regulator in ischemic stroke pathogenesis, mitigating blood-brain barrier leakage, neuroinflammation, and neuronal survival through its downstream metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate.

Advancements in the application of MRI radiomics in meningioma.

Meningiomas are among the most common intracranial tumors, and challenges still remain in terms of tumor classification, treatment, and management. With the popularization of artificial intelligence technology, radiomics has been further developed and more extensively applied in the study of meningiomas. This objective and quantitative technique has played an important role in the identification, classification, grading, pathology, treatment, and prognosis of meningiomas, although new problems have also emerged.

Stroke Mortality Risk Factors: Global Trends and Regional Variations (1990-2021).

Background: Stroke is a major global health challenge, affected by many risk factors. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for death induced by 3 primary stroke subtypes from 1990 to 2021 by using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database.

Methods: We examine the risk factors for death induced by 3 stroke subtypes: ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

S-hydroxychloroquine prevents the antiphospholipid thrombogenic complexes for antiphospholipid syndrome treatment.

Clinically used in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) exerts antithrombotic effects by inhibiting anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibody binding to phospholipid bilayers. However, HCQ is a racemic mixture, with only one enantiomer offering therapeutic benefits, while the other may contribute to toxicity. The current study evaluated the thromboprophylactic efficacy of R-enantiomer Hydroxychloroquine (R-HCQ), S-enantiomer Hydroxychloroquine (S-HCQ), and racemic HCQ (Rac-HCQ), with a focus on their impact on APS-associated markers.

Exploring a recurrence model for atypical meningioma based on multiparametric MRI radiomic and clinical characteristics: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Atypical meningioma (AM) has a high recurrence rate. This study explored the factors associated with recurrence and built a predictive model for AM by combining radiomic and clinical features.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 451 adult AM patients who underwent surgical treatment at three institutions between May 2012 and April 2024.

Global, regional, and national burdens of intracerebral hemorrhage and its risk factors from 1990 to 2021.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) burden in 204 countries and territories worldwide from 1990 to 2021, disaggregated by sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI) at the global, regional, and country levels.

Methods: Data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) were used to calculate age-standardized prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), death (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for ICH. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to assess time patterns.

Sphk1/S1P pathway promotes blood-brain barrier breakdown after intracerebral hemorrhage through inducing Nlrp3-mediated endothelial cell pyroptosis.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe stroke subtype with high mortality and limited therapeutic options. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown post-ICH exacerbates secondary brain injury, highlighting the need for targeted therapies to preserve the BBB integrity. We aim to investigate the role of the Sphk1/S1P pathway in BBB breakdown following ICH and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Sphk1 inhibition in mitigating this breakdown.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 promotes neuronal apoptosis via the TNF-α/caspase-3 signaling pathway after acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has a high incidence and mortality rate among cerebrovascular diseases, and effective treatments are lacking. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) is associated with secondary immune inflammatory injury following ICH. However, its relationship with neuronal apoptosis and the specific underlying mechanism are not clear.

Factors influencing postoperative visual improvement in 208 patients with tuberculum sellae meningiomas.

Objective: Tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) usually compress the optic nerve and optic chiasma, thus affecting vision. Surgery is an effective means to remove tumors and improve visual outcomes. On a larger scale, this study attempted to further explore and confirm the factors related to postoperative visual outcomes to guide the treatment of TSMs.

A long-term follow-up study of adults with Chiari malformation type I combined with syringomyelia.

Background: There is a considerable amount of controversy regarding the treatment and prognosis of adult patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) at home and abroad; furthermore, no large-sample, long-term, follow-up studies have examined CM-I patients with syringomyelia (SM) comparing posterior fossa decompression with resection of tonsils (PFDRT) vs. posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD).

Objective: This study retrospectively analyzed the factors affecting the treatment and long-term prognosis of adults with CM-I combined with SM.

A machine learning-based integrated clinical model for predicting prognosis in atypical meningioma patients.

Purpose: Atypical meningioma (AM) recurs in up to half of patients after surgical resection and may require adjuvant therapy to improve patient prognosis. Various clinicopathological features have been shown to have prognostic implications in AM, but an integrated prediction model is lacking. Thus, in this study, we aimed to develop and validate an integrated prognostic model for AM.

Multimodal-based machine learning strategy for accurate and non-invasive prediction of intramedullary glioma grade and mutation status of molecular markers: a retrospective study.

Background: Determining the grade and molecular marker status of intramedullary gliomas is important for assessing treatment outcomes and prognosis. Invasive biopsy for pathology usually carries a high risk of tissue damage, especially to the spinal cord, and there are currently no non-invasive strategies to identify the pathological type of intramedullary gliomas. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a non-invasive machine learning model to assist doctors in identifying the intramedullary glioma grade and mutation status of molecular markers.

An MMP-9 exclusive neutralizing antibody attenuates blood-brain barrier breakdown in mice with stroke and reduces stroke patient-derived MMP-9 activity.

Rapid upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) leads to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown following stroke, but no MMP-9 inhibitors have been approved in clinic largely due to their low specificities and side effects. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of a human IgG monoclonal antibody (mAb), L13, which was recently developed with exclusive neutralizing specificity to MMP-9, nanomolar potency, and biological function, using mouse stroke models and stroke patient samples. We found that L13 treatment at the onset of reperfusion following cerebral ischemia or after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) significantly reduced brain tissue injury and improved the neurological outcomes of mice.

Exploring the prognostic differences in patients of Chiari malformation type I with syringomyelia undergoing different surgical methods.

Background: The best surgical treatment of Chiari malformation patients with syringomyelia remains controversial, and whether cerebellar tonsillectomy should be performed has not been decided.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD) and Posterior fossa decompression with resection of tonsils (PFDRT) in patients of Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) with syringomyelia and explore relevant factors affecting prognosis.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 182 adult patients of CM-I with syringomyelia who underwent PFDD or PFDRT over a 6-year period, and analyzed their clinical manifestations, imaging features, and follow-up data.

Continuous Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Improves the Efficiency of Percutaneous Balloon Compression of the Trigeminal Ganglion for Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Objective: The aim of the study is to explore the characteristics of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) changes in patients undergoing percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) for trigeminal neuralgia and analyze the factors that influence the formation of the symbolic pear shape of the balloon, which signifies successful compression.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) in 103 consecutive patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Fifty-five patients who underwent operations with intermittent inflating cuff blood pressure (IICBP) monitoring were classified into the IICBP group.

Perspectives on the mechanism of pyroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a highly harmful neurological disorder with high rates of mortality, disability, and recurrence. However, effective therapies are not currently available. Secondary immune injury and cell death are the leading causes of brain injury and a poor prognosis.

Integrative analyses identify HIF-1α as a potential protective role with immune cell infiltration in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.

Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are histologically benign tumors located in the sellar-suprasellar region. Although the transcriptome development in recent years have deepened our knowledge to the tumorigenesis process of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP), the peritumoral immune infiltration of tumor is still not well understood. In this study, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify different gene modules based on clinical characteristics and gene expression, and then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with the Cytohubba plug-in were performed to screen pivotal genes.

Joint estimation of depth and motion from a monocular endoscopy image sequence using a multi-loss rebalancing network.

Building an in vivo three-dimensional (3D) surface model from a monocular endoscopy is an effective technology to improve the intuitiveness and precision of clinical laparoscopic surgery. This paper proposes a multi-loss rebalancing-based method for joint estimation of depth and motion from a monocular endoscopy image sequence. The feature descriptors are used to provide monitoring signals for the depth estimation network and motion estimation network.

Lithium attenuates blood-brain barrier damage and brain edema following intracerebral hemorrhage via an endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent mechanism in mice.

Background: Vasogenic cerebral edema resulting from blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage aggravates the devastating consequences of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Although augmentation of endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling substantially alleviates BBB breakdown in animals, no agents based on this mechanism are clinically available. Lithium is a medication used to treat bipolar mood disorders and can upregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Identification and Characterization of TF-lncRNA Regulatory Networks Involved in the Tumorigenesis and Development of Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma.

Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare tumors arising from the sellar region. Although the best outcome for patients with one subtype, adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP), is obtained by gross total resection, little is known about the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) in ACP tumorigenesis. In total, 12 human ACP and 5 control samples were subjected to transcriptome-level sequencing.

Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Atypical Meningioma Patients: A Meta-Analysis Study.

Background And Purpose: Consensus regarding the need for adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in patients with atypical meningiomas (AMs) is lacking. We compared the effects of adjuvant RT after surgery, gross total resection (GTR), and subtotal resection (STR) on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with AMs, respectively.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature published in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 1, 2021, to identify articles comparing the PFS and OS of patients receiving postoperative RT after surgery, GTR and STR.

Development and Validation of Predicting Nomograms for Craniopharyngioma: A Retrospective, Multiple-Center, Cohort Study.

Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are benign tumors arising from the sellar region. However, little is known about their clinical features and long-term recurrence due to low morbidity and the lack of large cohort studies. Thus, we aimed to develop nomograms to accurately predict the extent of resection and tumor recurrence using clinical parameters.

Intracranial Metastases Originating From Pediatric Primary Spinal Cord Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Primary spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme (scGBM) is an uncommon entity in pediatrics, and intracranial metastasis originating in spinal cord gliomas is very rare. A 7-year-old female presented with weakness in the limbs, paralysis of the lower limbs and incontinence. The initial MRI of the spinal cord revealed expansion and abnormal signals from T2 to T5.