Activity-based CRISPR scanning uncovers allostery in DNA methylation maintenance machinery.

Allostery enables dynamic control of protein function. A paradigmatic example is the tightly orchestrated process of DNA methylation maintenance. Despite the fundamental importance of allosteric sites, their identification remains highly challenging.

Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in 2D covalent organic frameworks/Re-complex hybrid photocatalyst.

Rhenium(I)-carbonyl-diimine complexes have emerged as promising photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction with covalent organic frameworks recognized as perfect sensitizers and scaffold support. Such Re complexes/covalent organic frameworks hybrid catalysts have demonstrated high carbon dioxide reduction activities but with strong excitation energy-dependence. In this paper, we rationalize this behavior by the excitation energy-dependent pathways of internal photo-induced charge transfer studied via transient optical spectroscopies and time-dependent density-functional theory calculation.

A Review: The Prospect of Inhaled Insulin Therapy via Vibrating Mesh Technology to Treat Diabetes.

: Inhaled insulin has proven to be viable and, in some aspects, a more effective alternative to subcutaneous insulin. Past and present insulin inhaler devices have not found clinical or commercial success. Insulin inhalers create a dry powder or soft mist insulin aerosol, which does not provide the required uniform particle size or aerosol volume for deep lung deposition.

Interaction Between the a3 Region of Factor VIII and the TIL'E' Domains of the von Willebrand Factor.

The von Willebrand factor (VWF) and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) are intricately involved in hemostasis. A tight, noncovalent complex between VWF and FVIII prolongs the half-life of FVIII in plasma, and failure to form this complex leads to rapid clearance of FVIII and bleeding diatheses such as hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease (VWD) type 2N. High-resolution insight into the complex between VWF and FVIII has so far been strikingly lacking.

Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Arterial Hypoxemia in Distance Runners at Sea Level.

Purpose: It has been reported that ~50% of endurance-trained men demonstrate exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) during heavy exercise. However, this often-cited prevalence rate comes from a single study using a cohort of 25 highly trained men who completed maximal cycle ergometry. As arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) during maximal exercise is reported to be significantly lower during treadmill versus cycle ergometry in the same subjects, we hypothesized that the prevalence of EIAH would be greater than previously reported (and commonly referenced) in a larger cohort of highly endurance-trained men during maximal treadmill running.

Runners maintain locomotor-respiratory coupling following isocapnic voluntary hyperpnea to task failure.

Introduction: Evidence has long suggested that mammalian ventilatory and locomotor rhythms are linked, yet determinants and implications of locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC) continue to be investigated. Anecdotally, respiratory muscle fatigue seen at the end of heavy exercise may result in an uncoupling of movement-ventilation rhythms; however, there is no scientific evidence to substantiate this claim.

Purpose: We sought to determine whether or not fatigue of the respiratory muscles alters locomotor-respiratory coupling patterns typically observed in highly trained individuals while running.

Characterization of the microstructure of GaP films grown on {111} Si by liquid phase epitaxy.

The development of a cost-effective Si based platform on which III-V's can be grown is of great interest. This work investigates the morphology of gallium phosphide (GaP) films grown on {111} silicon (Si) substrates by means of liquid phase epitaxy in a tin (Sn) - based solvent bath. Two types of single-crystal {111} Si substrates were used; the first type was oriented exactly along the ⟨111⟩ surface (no-miscut) and the second was miscut by 4°.

Ventilatory patterns differ between maximal running and cycling.

To determine the effect of exercise mode on ventilatory patterns, 22 trained men performed two maximal graded exercise tests; one running on a treadmill and one cycling on an ergometer. Tidal flow-volume (FV) loops were recorded during each minute of exercise with maximal loops measured pre and post exercise. Running resulted in a greater VO2peak than cycling (62.

Shaken baby syndrome and a triple-dose strategy for its prevention.

Objectives: Inflicted traumatic brain injury associated with Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is a leading cause of injury mortality and morbidity in infants. A triple-dose SBS prevention program was implemented with the aim to reduce the incidence of SBS. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiology of SBS, the triple-dose prevention program, and its evaluation.

Ground contact time as an indicator of metabolic cost in elite distance runners.

Unlabelled: Differences in running economy at common speeds have been demonstrated between male and female distance runners, as well as between middle-distance (MD) and long-distance (LD) specialists. Whether measures of foot ground contact time (tc), known to be proportional to the mass-specific cost of locomotion, follows the same running economy relationships in these groups is unknown.

Purpose: This study examined if differences in tc and selected gait kinematic variables exist between elite male and female distance runners, as well as between elite MD and LD specialists, as running speed increases.

Evolution of the courtship display of Melittobia (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).

Melittobia, a polyphagous pupal parasitoid of many solitary bees and wasps, has a complex courtship display, the evolutionary history of which is poorly understood. The current phylogeny of this genus suggests the complexity of the courtship has increased over time. We test this hypothesis using Bayesian and Maximum likelihood techniques to construct a molecular phylogeny of Melittobia-the first for this genus using modern techniques--using two intergenic regions (Internal Transcribed Spacer regions 1 and 2) and Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (CO1), and reconstruct the ancestral state of each major node in the phylogeny for five behaviors coincidental to major shifts in display complexity.

Impairment of 3000-m run time at altitude is influenced by arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation.

Unlabelled: The decline in maximal oxygen uptake (ΔVO(2)max) with acute exposure to moderate altitude is dependent on the ability to maintain arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2).

Purpose: This study examined if factors related to ΔVO(2)max at altitude are also related to the decline in race performance of elite athletes at altitude.

Methods: Twenty-seven elite distance runners (18 men and 9 women, VO(2)max = 71.

Hip fractures in long-term care: is the excess explained by the age and gender distribution of the residents?

Introduction. This study compares hip fracture rates in Long Term Care (LTC) residents with those in the community to determine if their high rate of fracturing reflects the extreme age and predominantly female nature of that population. Methods.

Adaptation or constraint? Reference-dependent scatter in honey bee dances.

The waggle dance of the honey bee is used to recruit nest mates to a resource. Dancer bees, however, may indicate many directions within a single dance bout; we show that this scatter in honey bee dances is strongly dependent on the sensory modality used to determine a reference angle in the dance. Dances with a visual reference are more precise than those with a gravity reference.

Does Imprecision in The Waggle Dance Fit Patterns Predicted by The Tuned-Error Hypothesis?

The waggle dance of the honey bee is used to recruit nest mates to a resource, though direction indicated for a resource may vary greatly within a single dance. Some authors suggest that this variation exits as an adaptation to distribute recruits across a patch of flowers, and that, due to the variation's inverse relationship with distance, the shape of the recruit distribution will remain constant for resources at different distances. In this study, we test this hypothesis by examining how variation in the indication of direction and distance changes with respect to distance.

Hip fracture types in men and women change differently with age.

Background: Hip fractures are expensive and a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In most studies hip fractures have been viewed as a unitary fracture but recently the two main types of fracture (intertrochanteric and subcapital) have been viewed as two fractures with a different etiology and requiring a different approach to prevention. The relative proportion of intertrochanteric fractures increases with age in women.

Enhanced electrochemiluminescence and charge transport through films of metallopolymer-gold nanoparticle composites.

Water-soluble 4-(dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP) stabilized gold nanoparticles (DMAP-AuNP) were synthesized by ligand exchange and phase transfer (toluene/water). The DMAP-AuNPs are positively charged with the core diameter of 4 +/- 1 nm. Metallopolymer-gold nanocomposites were prepared by mixing gold nanoparticles and [Ru(bpy)(2)PVP(10)](ClO(4))(2), in water at different mole ratios; bpy is 2,2'-bipyridyl and PVP is poly (4-vinylpyridine).

One-step synthesis of stoichiometrically defined metal oxide nanoparticles at room temperature.

A great variety of metal oxide nanoparticles have been readily synthesized by using alkali metal oxides, M(2)O (M is Na or Li) and soluble metal salts (metal chlorides) in polar organic solutions, for example, methanol and ethanol, at room temperature. The oxidation states of the metals in the resulting metal oxides (Cu(2)O, CuO, ZnO, Al(2)O(3), Fe(2)O(3), Bi(2)O(3), TiO(2), SnO(2), CeO(2), Nb(2)O(5), WO(3), and CoFe(2)O(4)) range from 1 to 6 and remain invariable through the reactions where good control of stoichiometry is achieved. Metal oxide nanoparticles are 1-30 nm and have good monodispersivity and displayed comparable optical spectra.