Agreement between transurethral resection of bladder tumor and radical cystectomy pathology in patients with bladder cancer subtype histology: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction And Objectives: Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) is a diagnostic staging procedure for bladder cancer (BC). Its pathologic interpretation may be limited by cautery artifact, lack of spatial orientation of tumor specimens, inter-pathologist variance in identifying subtypes, and sampling bias. Accurately identifying subtype histology (SH) on TURBT is critical for clinical decisions.

Synergistic Organophotoredox and Copper Catalysis Enabling the Difluoromethylation of Alkyl Bromides.

The difluoromethyl (-CFH) group enhances metabolic stability and druglike properties, yet existing alkyl difluoromethylation methods often suffer from harsh conditions or complex reagents. We report a mild, late-stage dehalogenative difluoromethylation of unactivated alkyl bromides via photoredox and copper dual catalysis. This operationally simple protocol uses commercially available, non-ozone-depleting reagents and proceeds through silyl-mediated halogen abstraction and copper-mediated radical capture, enabling efficient C(sp)-CFH bond formation with a broad scope and reduced reaction times.

NSABP FC-11: A phase II study of neratinib plus trastuzumab or neratinib plus cetuximab in patients with "quadruple wild-type" (KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA) metastatic colorectal cancer based on HER2 status: amplified, non-amplified (wild-type), or mutated.

Background: Patients with KRAS wild-type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with single-agent cetuximab (C) or panitumumab (P), have improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to best supportive care but an objective response rate (ORR) of only 13-17%. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that dual targeted therapy (e.g.

Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab and Accelerated Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin in Nonurothelial Histologic Subtypes of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Phase 2 Trial.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with histologic subtypes represents a clinical challenge because of poor responses to conventional therapies and under-representation in clinical trials. This single-center phase 2 trial evaluated the combination of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and accelerated methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (aMVAC) chemotherapy in patients with pure or predominant nonurothelial histologies. Seventeen patients were enrolled, with squamous differentiation being the most common variant.

Grade Group 1 Prostate Cancer Outcome by Biopsy Grade and Risk Group.

Importance: Advocates for removing the cancer label from grade group 1 (GG1) prostate cancer detected on biopsy primarily base their argument on the observation that when only GG1 is detected on prostatectomy, rates of metastasis are rare. However, the frequency with which GG1 prostate cancer on biopsy is associated with adverse clinical features and the long-term cancer outcomes in this context are poorly defined.

Objective: To assess cancer-specific outcomes of localized GG1 prostate cancer stratified by risk category.

Antitumor efficacy achieved by targeting PEGylated nanomedicines to netrin-1 in the extracellular matrix or EphA2 on the cancer cell membrane.

Targeting nanocarriers to tumors to increase their therapeutic efficacy requires selection of appropriate cancer targets and may depend on the particular formulation under investigation. Here, we compare the effectiveness of targeting PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) or glycosidic switch liposomes (GSL) formulated with a glucuronide prodrug of 9-aminocamptothecin to ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) present on the membrane of cancer cells or netrin-1 present in the tumor extracellular matrix. Targeting PLD to EphA2 or netrin-1 with bispecific PEG engagers significantly decreased the IC value of PLD from 1.

Q-TWiST analysis of first-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, or esophageal adenocarcinoma from CheckMate 649: 4-year follow-up results.

Background: Nivolumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated clinically significant improvement in quality-adjusted survival versus chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for advanced non-HER2-positive gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC/EAC) in the CheckMate 649 post-hoc quality-adjusted time without symptoms or toxicity (Q-TWiST) analysis at 1-year minimum follow-up. We report Q-TWiST analysis results at 4-year minimum follow-up.

Methods: Q-TWiST methodology was applied post-hoc to CheckMate 649 study data from all randomized patients, patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 1, and patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 5.

Comparison of Real-World Outcomes between Patients with BRCA1/2-Positive and Homologous Recombination Repair-Negative Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: This real-world study compared time-to-next-treatment (TTNT), time-to-castration resistance (TTCR), and overall survival between patients with BRCA1/2-positive (BRCA+) and homologous recombination repair-negative (HRR-) metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

Methods: Patients who received a genetic test and initiated treatment for mCSPC (index date) after 1/1/2018 were selected from the Flatiron Health-Foundation Medicine, Inc. Metastatic PC Clinico-Genomic Database (1/1/2017-12/31/2022).

Reconstruction of the Proximal Portion of the Brachial Triceps Muscle with Homologous Graft: A Case Report.

Introduction: Injuries to the brachial triceps (BT) tendon are rare, accounting for about 1% of all tendon injuries. The complexity of these injuries, especially in their proximal portion, and the scarcity of data in the literature make each case essential to expand knowledge. This report demonstrates an effective treatment method for extensive muscle loss around the shoulder using a homologous graft, offering new perspectives for similar cases.

Patterns of intra- and intertumor phenotypic heterogeneity in lethal prostate cancer.

Metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease. While there is increasing recognition of diverse tumor phenotypes across patients, less is known about the molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity present within an individual. In this study, we aimed to define the patterns, extent, and consequences of inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity in lethal prostate cancer.

Hiding in the kidney: a series of 13 lymphoid proliferations clinically mimicking renal carcinoma.

Masses are commonly detected in the kidneys either as incidental findings or upon workup of urinary symptoms on an initial presentation. We describe a large series of rare cases in which individuals presented with symptoms or imaging findings of kidney masses concerning for primary carcinoma of renal cell or urothelial origin but were found on pathological analysis to be lymphomas or atypical lymphoid proliferations, with or without an accompanying renal malignancy. These mass lesions, including some unique mimics of renal carcinomas such as reactive follicular hyperplasia and IgG4-related disease primary to the kidney, are all lymphoid kidney proliferations from a single institution.

Medications for opioid use disorder shape immune responses during chronic HIV infection.

People living with HIV (PLWHs) have higher risk of opioid use disorder (OUD). Whether medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs) change immune responses in HIV infection is unknown. We examined the immune profiles in PLWHs before and 3 months after initiation of the μ opioid receptor agonist methadone, partial agonist buprenorphine, and antagonist naltrexone.

Estimating optimally tailored active surveillance strategy under interval censoring.

Active surveillance (AS) using repeated biopsies to monitor disease progression has been a popular alternative to immediate surgical intervention in cancer care. However, a biopsy procedure is invasive and sometimes leads to severe side effects of infection and bleeding. To reduce the burden of repeated surveillance biopsies, biomarker-assistant decision rules are sought to replace the fix-for-all regimen with tailored biopsy intensity for individual patients.

Reduced adipose tissue with limited loss of lean mass after weight loss: results from the Prostate Active Lifestyle Study.

Adiposity reduction has both cancer-specific and overall health benefits for patients with overweight or obesity. However, the indiscriminate loss of lean mass accompanying weight loss remains a concern for older cancer patients. Body composition was evaluated in the Prostate Active Lifestyle Study, a randomized controlled weight loss trial targeting caloric restriction and increased physical activity among patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and overweight or obesity on active surveillance.

Assessment of postoperative practices and discharge recommendations after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: Consistent, accurate postoperative guidance is crucial for early recovery and patient satisfaction in urology, especially for radical prostatectomy (RP) patients. However, patients often receive inconsistent information, highlighting the need for standardized, evidence-based postoperative care guidelines.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review and evaluation of current postoperative practices for RP.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Second Surveillance Biopsy After Diagnosis in Patients With Grade Group 1 Prostate Cancer in the Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study.

Purpose: No clear guidelines exist regarding MRI use after confirmatory biopsy during active surveillance. Our objective was to evaluate MRI performance after confirmatory biopsy in patients with vs without prior MRI-informed biopsy.

Materials And Methods: Patients in the Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study with Gleason Grade Group (GG) 1 disease undergoing MRI-informed Biopsy 2, defined as second surveillance biopsy after diagnosis, were separated into prior vs no prior MRI-informed biopsy groups.

Improving Efficiency and Robustness of the Prognostic Accuracy of Biomarkers With Partial Incomplete Failure-Time Data and Auxiliary Outcome: Application to Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Study.

When novel biomarkers are developed for the clinical management of patients diagnosed with cancer, it is critical to quantify the accuracy of a biomarker-based decision tool. The evaluation can be challenging when the definite outcome , such as time to disease progression, is only partially ascertained on a limited set of study patients. Under settings where is only observed on a subset but an auxiliary outcome correlated with is available on all subjects, we propose an augmented estimation procedure for commonly used time-dependent accuracy measures.

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Testicular Cancer, Version 2.2025.

The NCCN Guidelines for Testicular Cancer provide recommendations for the multidisciplinary approach to the diagnostic workup, treatment, and follow-up for testicular germ cell tumors, including both seminoma and nonseminoma. These NCCN Guidelines Insights discuss the current treatment recommendations and supporting clinical data for seminomas as presented in Version 2.2025 of the NCCN Guidelines for Testicular Cancer.

Advances in Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Over the past several years, the therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced, unresectable, or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma has been transformed by the incorporation of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy into the treatment paradigm. Frontline systemic treatment options have expanded beyond anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as sorafenib, to a combination of immunotherapy approaches, including atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and durvalumab plus tremelimumab, both of which have demonstrated superior response and survival to sorafenib. Additionally, combination treatments with checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been investigated with variable success.

Recent Advances in Pineoblastoma Research: Molecular Classification, Modelling and Targetable Vulnerabilities.

Pineoblastoma (PB) is a rare yet lethal pediatric brain cancer of the pineal gland, a small endocrine organ that secretes melatonin to regulate the circadian rhythm. For PB patients ≤5 years of age, the overall survival rate is approximately 15%; metastatic PB is incurable. Standard treatment, including surgical resection, radiation, and systemic chemotherapy, improves survival but compromises neurocognitive function.

Prostate Cancer: A Review.

Importance: Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin cancer in men in the US, with an estimated 299 010 new cases and 35 250 deaths in 2024. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide, with 1 466 680 new cases and 396 792 deaths in 2022.

Observations: The most common type of prostate cancer is adenocarcinoma (≥99%), and the median age at diagnosis is 67 years.

A common form of dominant human IFNAR1 deficiency impairs IFN-α and -ω but not IFN-β-dependent immunity.

Autosomal recessive deficiency of the IFNAR1 or IFNAR2 chain of the human type I IFN receptor abolishes cellular responses to IFN-α, -β, and -ω, underlies severe viral diseases, and is globally very rare, except for IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 deficiency in Western Polynesia and the Arctic, respectively. We report 11 human IFNAR1 alleles, the products of which impair but do not abolish responses to IFN-α and -ω without affecting responses to IFN-β. Ten of these alleles are rare in all populations studied, but the remaining allele (P335del) is common in Southern China (minor allele frequency ≈2%).