Global biogeography of airborne viruses in public transit systems and their host interactions.

Background: There is a diverse assemblage of microbes in air in built environments (BEs), but our understanding of viruses and their interactions with hosts in BEs remains incomplete. To address this knowledge gap, this study analyzed 503 metagenomes isolated from air samples from public transit systems in six global cities, namely Denver, Hong Kong, London, New York City, Oslo, and Stockholm. Viral genomes were recovered from samples via metagenomic binning, and viruses' taxonomy, functional potential, and microbial hosts were determined.

Engineering Nanoparticle Surface Amphiphilicity: An Integrated Computational and Laser Desorption Ionization Study of Controlled Ligand Self-Assembly.

Multiligand monolayers can self-organize into advantageous interfacial patterns that govern nanoparticle (NP) properties. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely incorporated into self-assembled monolayers to enhance biocompatibility, particularly in drug delivery applications. Previous studies demonstrate that monolayer phase separation can be controlled by leveraging the energetic and entropic driving forces acting on ligands in the design of amphiphilic surfaces.

Paramedics' role in healthcare delivery in short-term police custody in Queensland, Australia: a preliminary report.

Provision of healthcare within short-term custody settings such as police watch-houses presents a complex public health challenge. This area has received limited attention in the literature, particularly the viewpoints of paramedics, who are a key link in the chain of healthcare. This study aimed to describe paramedics' decision-making practices and procedures regarding the transport of patients from the watch-house to the emergency department.

Emergency care requirements in alcohol-related presentations: a multi-site observational study.

ObjectiveGlobally, the social and economic costs of alcohol-related disorders are considerable. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics, clinical care requirements and outcomes of alcohol-related presentations (ARPs) to emergency departments (EDs).MethodsA multi-site observational study was undertaken in Queensland, Australia.

Grade Group 1 Prostate Cancer Outcome by Biopsy Grade and Risk Group.

Importance: Advocates for removing the cancer label from grade group 1 (GG1) prostate cancer detected on biopsy primarily base their argument on the observation that when only GG1 is detected on prostatectomy, rates of metastasis are rare. However, the frequency with which GG1 prostate cancer on biopsy is associated with adverse clinical features and the long-term cancer outcomes in this context are poorly defined.

Objective: To assess cancer-specific outcomes of localized GG1 prostate cancer stratified by risk category.

Genetic insights into foveal morphology and its associations with pigmentation and age-related macular degeneration.

The fovea is the small depression at the neurosensory retina that underlies high-resolution central vision. It is vulnerable to disease and disruption of its architecture causes visual disability. Foveal morphology varies significantly across individuals.

Tracking toads from dusk till dawn: linking inter- and intra-individual variation in movement behavior.

Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements. Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role of this variation in shaping population distributions of movements. To assess the link between individual movements and population distributions, we radio-tracked 13 Fowler's Toads () in Long Point, Ontario, Canada, after their breeding season.

Modeling Wetland Resources for Spring Migratory Waterbirds Under Different Agricultural Management Scenarios in the Iowa Portion of the Prairie Pothole Region, USA.

Constructed water quality wetlands, designed to accept tile drainage and surface runoff, are a promising solution for reducing surface water nutrient loading from agricultural systems. In addition to their water quality benefits, these systems may also offset losses of migratory waterbird stopover sites resulting from historical and future agricultural drainage modernization. To assess this possibility, we developed spatially explicit habitat models informed with expert opinion to explore the: 1) potential of water quality wetlands to provide suitable stopover resources for waterbirds during spring migration; and 2) the extent these wetlands can offset likely losses of stopover resources due to drainage modernization.

Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in a healthcare worker cohort utilising the Abbott Alinity® anti-nucleocapsid assay.

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) in Ireland bore a particularly high burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections, representing over 30% of infections during initial waves. We describe the prevalence, incidence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NC) IgG positivity in a cohort of HCWs working in a Dublin inner-city tertiary hospital, over 48 weeks.

Methods: The SORTeD (Seroprevalence, Seroconversion Rates and Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 among Healthcare Workers) study was a longitudinal cohort study of HCWs working in an inner-city hospital in Dublin between July 2020 and September 2021.

Flying High: Isometric Strength Training Increases Time of Flight in Junior Elite Trampoline Gymnasts.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a 6-week isometric training intervention on time of flight (ToF) in elite youth level gymnasts. Fourteen nationally elite youth gymnasts (10 females and 4 males; age = 15 ± 2 years; mass = 55.0 ± 8.

Adaptation of thoracic and lumbar curvature and spinal muscle activity under changing gravity.

Introduction: The effect of micro-gravity on the lumbar and in particular thoracic regions is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate spinal curvature across the lumbar and thoracic region, and extensor muscle activity during acute micro-gravity and hyper-gravity induced by parabolic flight. In addition, the association between our proxy measure of spinal curvature, and extensor muscle activity in micro-gravity was investigated.

Facile Automated Radiosynthesis of an Arginine Selective Bioconjugation Reagent 4‑[F]Fluorophenylglyoxal for Developing Protein-Based PET Molecular Probes.

4-[F]-Fluorophenylglyoxal ([F]-FPG) is a novel arginine selective bioconjugation reagent for native protein F-labeling. Here, we report the automated radiosynthesis of [F]-FPG on a Scintomics GRP module. The radiochemical preparation was performed in a one-pot, two-step process using a DMSO-resistant cassette system.

Discovery of AB801, a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase for Use in Cancer Therapy.

AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), a transmembrane protein highly expressed in a variety of cancers, has been implicated in the development of resistance to various forms of therapy and poor patient outcomes. Although several strategies have been postulated to limit AXL signaling and thus tumor growth, further refinement is possible. In this Drug Annotation, we report the structure-based design, SAR-driven optimization, preclinical pharmacokinetics (PK), and synthetic chemistry which enabled the discovery of AB801.

Discovery and Characterization of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable 7-Azaindazole AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

High expression of the membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is linked to poor patient outcomes and therapeutic resistance in a variety of cancers. Selective inhibition of AXL is a promising approach to overcome mechanisms of resistance to standard of care therapies, but it is unclear if reported inhibitors have achieved an appropriate therapeutic window to effectively block AXL signaling in tumors. Herein, we report the initial design and structure-activity relationship (SAR)-driven optimization of a novel series of 7-azaindazole AXL inhibitors.

Closed-loop electrical block of vagus nerve scales from rodent to porcine cardiac models.

. Direct current (DC) electrical block of the vagus nerve has shown the ability to downregulate the parasympathetic input to the heart. Previous investigations used static prescribed values, but the main advantage of electrical nerve block is the ability to modulate the block effect in real time.

Evolution of far-red light photoacclimation in cyanobacteria.

Cyanobacteria oxygenated the atmosphere of early Earth and continue to be key players in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. A phylogenetically diverse subset of extant cyanobacteria can perform photosynthesis with far-red light through a process called far-red light photoacclimation, or FaRLiP. This phenotype is enabled by a cluster of ∼20 genes and involves the synthesis of red-shifted chlorophylls d and f, together with paralogs of the ubiquitous photosynthetic machinery used in visible light.

Crosswinds During Spring Migration Carryover and Influence the Time Interval Between Arrival and Laying in a Neotropical Migrant.

Events on the non-breeding grounds and on migration can influence the timing of reproduction and the productivity of migratory songbirds. We show, using data from a 12-year study in Revelstoke, BC, Canada, that the onset of breeding in yellow warblers () is linked to weather conditions on migration, specifically the speed of crosswinds experienced over the western flyway during a 2-week period from May 18 to 31. During 2015-2017, we investigated whether this carryover effect was due to crosswind effects on the timing of arrival, the reproductive state and mass of females on arrival, or a combination of other effects that delayed egg laying.

Numerical simulation of the residence time distribution dynamics of a restored agricultural wetland under varying environmental conditions.

This work demonstrates the development, calibration, and use of the three-dimensional Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) hydrodynamic and mass transport model to simulate mixing patterns and study the environmental controls on the residence time distributions of a 1.3 ha agricultural wetland in central Iowa. Incorporating time-varying flow boundary conditions and atmospheric forcing, the model was calibrated against observed state variables, including water temperatures, basin hydraulic characteristics, and dye concentrations monitored at the outlet for six tracer studies conducted under varying flow and atmospheric conditions when submersed aquatic vegetation was mostly absent from the basin.

Trusting the postman: prosecuting theft and managing sickness in the British Post Office, c.1860-1910.

The Post Office was an immensely important institution of the British state. It fostered communication, encouraged business, provided employment and generated revenue for the Treasury. Efficiency and economy were paramount considerations for the Post Office authorities, keen to maintain the government's trust in good management.

Auditory cortex anatomy reflects multilingual phonological experience.

This study examines whether auditory cortex anatomy reflects multilingual experience, specifically individuals' phonological repertoire. Using data from over 200 participants exposed to 1-7 languages across 36 languages, we analyzed the role of language experience and typological distances between languages they spoke in shaping neural signatures of multilingualism. Our findings reveal a negative relationship between the thickness of the left and right second transverse temporal gyrus (TTG) and participants' degree of multilingualism.

Short-lived reactive components substantially contribute to particulate matter oxidative potential.

Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) has been attributed to millions of deaths annually. However, the PM components responsible for observed health effects remain unclear. Oxidative potential (OP) has gained increasing attention as a key property that may explain PM toxicity.

West London Healthy Home and Environment (WellHome) Study: Protocol for a Community-Based Study Investigating Exposures Across the Indoor-Outdoor Air Pollution Continuum in Urban Communities.

The relationship between indoor air quality and public health remains under-researched. WellHome is a transdisciplinary community-based study that will engage with residents to co-design feasible and acceptable research to quantify air pollution exposure in 100 homes in West London and examine its potential to exacerbate asthma symptoms in children. Sampling strategies such as using air quality monitors and passive samplers placed in kitchens, children's bedrooms, and living rooms, will be developed in collaboration with local ambassadors and participating households to measure multiple physical, chemical, microplastic, and biological contaminants.

Development of [Ac]Ac‑LNC1011 for targeted alpha-radionuclide therapy of prostate cancer.

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (PRLT) has become a promising option for treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Radioligands labelled with the Ga/Lu theranostic pair have been most widely used in the clinic for diagnosis and therapy, respectively. This study aims to develop a novel PSMA-targeted radioligand, LNC1011, radiolabeled with alpha-emitter Ac, to optimise pharmacokinetic properties and assess its potential for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) in prostate cancer treatment.

The genome sequence of the chlorophyte CCAP 251/1B (Naumann) Henley, Hironaka, Guillou, M. Buchheim, J. Buchheim, M. Fawley & K. Fawley 2004.

We present a genome assembly from a culture of (CCAP 251/1B) (Chlorophyta; Trebouxiophyceae; Chlorellales; Chlorellaceae). The genome sequence is 22.3 megabases in span.