Potential Involvement of Myostatin in Smooth Muscle Differentiation in Pleomorphic Leiomyosarcoma.

High-grade sarcomas often lack typical morphological features and exhibit no clear differentiation, often leading to a diagnosis of undifferentiated sarcoma (US). Pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma (PLMS) is a high-grade sarcoma consisting of a typical leiomyosarcoma (LMS) component alongside dedifferentiated high-grade areas. A few decades ago, PLMS was regarded as a subtype of high-grade sarcoma previously referred to as malignant fibrous histiocytoma; it is now classified as a variant of LMS.

A Safe and Simple Method for Minimally Invasive Harvesting of the Partial-Thickness Quadriceps Tendon-Bone Autograft.

Good long-term postoperative clinical results can be achieved after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the quadriceps tendon (QT) as the graft. Anatomical rectangular tunnel anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is performed using a ribbon-shaped quadriceps tendon with bone (QTB) harvested in partial layers, considering that harvesting the transplanted tendon in all layers, including the joint capsule, may delay recovery from postoperative pain and muscle weakness. However, no consistent method for harvesting the QTB graft tendon has been established.

Anatomical evaluation of the positions of bone tunnels created using a rectangular retro-dilator in revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Background: This study used three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) to evaluate the targeted positions of rectangular bone tunnels created using a rectangular retro-dilator (RRD) in revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, with the aim of assessing the accuracy of the technique in bone tunnel creation at the target position.

Methods: Participants were 30 patients who underwent revision ACL reconstruction using an RRD. Based on 3D-CT images, the positions of the primary and revision tunnels were qualitatively evaluated according to the Magnussen classification, the quadrant method, and whether they were in the anatomical tibial attachment site of the ACL.

Focal periphyseal edema of the knee in a junior youth tennis player: A case report.

Herein, we report a case of focal periphyseal edema in a 12-year-old female tennis player. The onset of chronic knee pain in adolescents has differential diagnoses, including fatigue fracture, epiphysis (Osgood-Schlatter disease), growth plate injury, Brodie abscess, patella-femoral malalignment, neoplasia, and meniscus tears. In this case, magnetic resonance imaging revealed focal bone marrow edema around the center of the epiphyseal plate of the distal femur.

Prognostic potential of fusion gene analysis using plasma cell-free RNA in malignant bone and soft tissue tumours.

Background: Liquid biopsy, which facilitates minimally invasive analysis of body fluid samples, has considerable potential as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in various cancers. Analysis of circulating tumour cells, circulating tumour DNA, and exosomes in liquid biopsies has advantages and disadvantages. However, their utility in rare cancers, such as malignant bone and soft tissue tumours, remains unknown.

Glycoprotein 130 improves repressor element‑1 silencing transcription factor‑related axon regenerative capacity in peripheral nerves with aging.

Axon regenerative capacity diminishes with aging and differences in the condition of peripheral nerves between young and elderly individuals have been reported. However, the underlying pathology remains unclear. The expression of repressor element‑1 silencing transcription factor (REST) increases with age and is reported to suppress axon regeneration.

Spontaneous Heterointerface Modulation by a Methylammonium Tetrafluoroborate Additive for a Narrow-Bandgap FAPbI Photoabsorber in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Over the past decade, the photovoltaic (PV) performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been considerably improved with the development of perovskite photoabsorbers. Among these, formamidinium-lead-iodide (FAPbI) is a promising photoabsorber owing to its narrow bandgap and is mainly used in n-i-p-structured PSCs. The property modulation of FAPbI photoabsorbers while retaining their narrow bandgap is imperative for further development of PSCs.

Subtotal Second Toe Transfer for Finger Reconstruction after Malignant Fibroblastic Tumor Resection.

The transposition of an adjacent finger following the loss of a finger due to a malignant tumor resection improves hand function. However, patients may not accept the resulting appearance of a three-finger hand. A 28-year-old male with a malignant fibroblastic tumor at the base of the ring finger underwent resection of the tumor, excising the phalanx and a portion of the metacarpal.

Non-metastatic hip fractures surgery in patients with active cancer: benefit and risk.

Purpose: Although rare, non-metastatic proximal femoral fracture (PFF) can develop in patients with active cancer. However, little data are available regarding the risks and benefits of surgical treatment in such patients. The purpose of his study was to investigate the risks and benefits of surgical treatment of PFF in patients with and without cancer.

NTRK2 expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors with a special emphasis on the clinicopathological and prognostic impacts.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are typically characterized by activating mutations of the KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). Recently, the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion was reported in a small subset of wild-type GIST. We examined trk IHC and NTRK gene expressions in GIST.

A retrospective analysis of the prognosis of Japanese patients with sarcoma brain metastasis.

Background: Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are rare tumors and extremely rarely metastasize to the brain. Previous studies have examined the characteristics and poor prognostic factors in cases of sarcoma brain metastasis (BM). Due to the rarity of cases of BM from sarcoma, limited data exist concerning the prognostic factors and treatment strategies.

Establishment of Rapid and Accurate Screening System for Molecular Target Therapy of Osteosarcoma.

Comprehensive analyses using clinical sequences subcategorized osteosarcoma (OS) into several groups according to the activated signaling pathways. Mutually exclusive co-occurrences of gene amplification ( and ) have been identified in approximately 40% of OS, representing candidate subsets for clinical evaluation of additional therapeutic options. Thus, it would be desirable to evaluate the specific gene amplification before starting therapy in patients with OS.

Quadratus lumborum muscle strain in a youth soccer player: a case report.

We report a case of quadratus lumborum muscle strain that occurred in a 16-year-old soccer player during a game. According to a video recording of the game, the injury occurred when the leg landed just after kicking the ball with the same leg while dribbling. The mechanism was suspected to be right lateral flexion of the trunk while the pelvis was simultaneously forced to tilt backward.

SRC Family Kinase Inhibition Targets YES1 and YAP1 as Primary Drivers of Lung Cancer and as Mediators of Acquired Resistance to ALK and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors.

Purpose: The identification of novel oncogenic driver alterations and novel mechanisms of acquired resistance (AR) is the key for further development of personalized therapy. The current study investigates the potential role of amplification as a primary driver of tumorigenesis and of amplifications as mediators of AR to ALK and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Methods: Models of ectopic expression were established and characterized for YES1 and YAP1 in human bronchial epithelial cells and fusion-positive (ALK+) and -mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.

IRE1α-XBP1 but not PERK inhibition exerts anti-tumor activity in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. However, the therapeutic results of the advanced cases at the first visit were still extremely poor. Therefore, more effective therapeutic options based on molecular profiling of OS are needed.

Immunological status of peripheral blood is associated with prognosis in patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcoma.

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising antitumor effects against certain types of cancer. However, specific immune-checkpoint inhibitors for patients with sarcoma have yet to be identified, whereas the immunological status of peripheral blood in patients with bone sarcoma and soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) remains unknown. In addition, it is unclear whether the immunological status from the peripheral blood could be used as a prognostic indicator.

Allele-Specific Role of ERBB2 in the Oncogenic Function of EGFR L861Q in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancers.

Introduction: Unlike common EGFR mutations, many less common EGFR mutations remain poorly characterized in terms of oncogenic function and drug sensitivity. Here, we characterize the subset of lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR L861Q through both preclinical and clinical investigations.

Methods: We reviewed clinical and genomic data from patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer.

Preoperative denosumab treatment with curettage may be a risk factor for recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone.

Purpose: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a local aggressive bone tumor, histologically classified as intermediate malignancy. Recently, the RANKL inhibitor, denosumab, was developed as a novel and effective treatment option for GCTB. Since the risk of preoperative use of denosumab with curettage had been previously reported, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between recurrences and clinicopathological features associated with adjuvant denosumab treatment in GCTB.

Pre-operative hemoglobin level and use of sedative-hypnotics are independent risk factors for post-operative delirium following total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Delirium is a well-known complication following surgery, especially with the increasing age of patients undergoing surgery. The increasing demands resulting from a prolonged healthy life expectancy has resulted in more arthroplasties despite their age and existing comorbidities. The purpose of this study is to explore the various risk factors that may contribute to delirium in unilateral and bilateral total knee arthroplasties in the elderly population.

MAPK Pathway Alterations Correlate with Poor Survival and Drive Resistance to Therapy in Patients with Lung Cancers Driven by Fusions.

Purpose: ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) provide significant benefit in lung adenocarcinoma patients with ROS1 fusions. However, as observed with all targeted therapies, resistance arises. Detecting mechanisms of acquired resistance (AR) is crucial to finding novel therapies and improve patient outcomes.

Tumor Analyses Reveal Squamous Transformation and Off-Target Alterations As Early Resistance Mechanisms to First-line Osimertinib in -Mutant Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Patterns of resistance to first-line osimertinib are not well-established and have primarily been evaluated using plasma assays, which cannot detect histologic transformation and have differential sensitivity for copy number changes and chromosomal rearrangements.

Experimental Design: To characterize mechanisms of resistance to osimertinib, patients with metastatic -mutant lung cancers who received osimertinib at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and had next-generation sequencing performed on tumor tissue before osimertinib initiation and after progression were identified.

Results: Among 62 patients who met eligibility criteria, histologic transformation, primarily squamous transformation, was identified in 15% of first-line osimertinib cases and 14% of later-line cases.

Efficacy and safety of eradication therapy for elderly patients with helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection and is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Although eradication therapy is widely performed for H.