Development of mild encephalitis with a reversible splenial lesion prior to the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease: a pediatric case report.

Kawasaki disease (KD) rarely causes neurological complications. KD is diagnosed based on symptoms alone and can be very difficult to diagnose if other symptoms appear in febrile children before the main symptoms of KD. A 5-year-old boy with fever and consciousness disturbance was hospitalized and diagnosed with mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS).

Recurrent Hemorrhagic Stroke in a Patient with Neurosarcoidosis: A Case Report.

A 45-year-old Japanese woman had sudden-onset subarachnoid hemorrhage and subsequently developed recurrent intracerebral hemorrhages and multiple infarctions in the left and right cerebral hemispheres, respectively. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were elevated, and a pathological examination of brain biopsy samples demonstrated multinucleated giant cell infiltration and epithelial granuloma formation in thickened pial vessel walls. After treatment with intravascular methylprednisolone 1,000 mg for 3 days, followed by oral prednisolone, she had no recurrence of cerebrovascular events.

Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles derived from platelet-rich plasma improved recovery after ischemic stroke.

Stroke remains a major global health burden, with limited treatments for chronic ischemic stroke necessitating novel therapies. This study explored the therapeutic potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in stroke recovery, particularly in exercise-trained rats. PRP-derived EVs from treadmill-loaded and sedentary rats were designated athletes (aPRP-EVs) and non-athlete (nPRP-EVs), respectively.

Circulating extracellular vesicles in facilitated stroke recovery via MiR-451-5p/MIF and MiR-451-5p/CCND1 axes.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cells such as mesenchymal stem cells exert neurorestorative effects; however, the efficacy of circulating EVs for repairing injured brains and functional recovery after stroke remains unknown. This study shows that miR-451-5p in circulating EVs is crucial for stroke recovery, with its first therapeutic application in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. Circulating EVs derived from MCAO rats in the chronic recovery phase were enriched in miR-451-5p, especially in CD9 EVs.

Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, and Vascular Recurrence After Stroke With and Without Atherosclerosis.

Background: Uncertainty remains whether inflammation is implicated in poststroke recurrence in patients without atherosclerosis. We evaluated the contribution of atherosclerosis status to the association between inflammatory markers and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) poststroke.

Methods: We performed an individual-participant data meta-analysis of 11 prospective cohorts (12 countries, 1995-2017).

Intravenous Methylprednisolone for Acute Right Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Granulomatosis Polyangiitis: A Case Report.

A 17-year-old Japanese woman diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and was treated with immunotherapy suddenly developed an impaired consciousness, left hemiplegia, and conjugate eye deviation to the right. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an acute cerebral infarction in the right striatum and right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. As her GPA had worsened recently, intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) was started.

Glycoprotein 130 improves repressor element‑1 silencing transcription factor‑related axon regenerative capacity in peripheral nerves with aging.

Axon regenerative capacity diminishes with aging and differences in the condition of peripheral nerves between young and elderly individuals have been reported. However, the underlying pathology remains unclear. The expression of repressor element‑1 silencing transcription factor (REST) increases with age and is reported to suppress axon regeneration.

-Linked Parkinson Syndrome in Female Heterozygotes Is Associated With PET-Detectable Tau Pathology.

Background And Objectives: A previous postmortem study of men with Christianson syndrome, a disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene , reported a mechanistic link between pathologic tau accumulation and progressive symptoms such as cerebellar atrophy and cognitive decline. This study aimed to characterize the relationships between neuropathologic manifestations and tau accumulation in heterozygous women with mutation.

Methods: We conducted a multimodal neuroimaging and plasma biomarker study on 3 middle-aged heterozygous women with mutations (proband 1: mid-50s; proband 2: early 50s; proband 3: mid-40s) presenting with progressive extrapyramidal symptoms.

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Is Critically Related to Aortic Complicated Lesions in Cryptogenic Stroke.

Aims: Atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) is regarded as a residual risk of cardiovascular diseases characterized by low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high triglyceride (TG) levels and related to the intracranial stenosis of atheromatous thrombotic brain infarction (ATBI). Further, atherosclerosis is possibly related to another stroke subtype, including cryptogenic stroke (CS). In particular, an aortic complicated lesion (ACL) is a notable embolic source of CS, since recurrence of aortogenic brain embolism is not rare.

Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, and Recurrence After Stroke: A Time-Course Analysis of Individual-Participant Data.

Background: Inflammation promotes atherogenesis. Randomized controlled trials of anti-inflammatory therapies for prevention after stroke have not yet demonstrated clear benefit. IL-6 (interleukin-6) and hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) are independently associated with major adverse cardiovascular events poststroke and may guide patient selection in future randomized controlled trials.

White matter lesions as a prognostic marker of recurrence in cryptogenic stroke with high-risk patent foramen ovale.

Purpose: A high-risk patent foramen ovale (PFO) could be the cause of cryptogenic stroke, and an atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) increases the risk of stroke recurrence in cryptogenic stroke patients with a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Factors related to stroke recurrence according to PFO characteristics have not been fully evaluated.

Methods: Data from a multicenter, observational registry of ischemic stroke patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography were used for this study.

Mechanism of Post-stroke Axonal Outgrowth and Functional Recovery.

Axonal outgrowth after stroke plays an important role in tissue repair and is critical for functional recovery. In the peri-infarct area of a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we found that the axons and dendrites that had fallen off in the acute phase of stroke (7 days) were regenerated in the chronic phase of stroke (56 days). , we showed that phosphatase tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10/Akt/Glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling is implicated in postischemic axonal regeneration.

Plasma fibrinogen and risk of vascular recurrence after ischaemic stroke: An individual participant and summary-level data meta-analysis of 11 prospective studies.

Introduction: Inflammation is an emerging target for secondary prevention after stroke and randomised trials of anti-inflammatory therapies are ongoing. Fibrinogen, a putative pro-inflammatory marker, is associated with first stroke, but its association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after stroke is unclear.

Materials And Methods: We did a systematic review investigating the association between fibrinogen and post-stroke vascular recurrence.

Higher Frequency of Premature Atrial Contractions Correlates With Atrial Fibrillation Detection after Cryptogenic Stroke.

Background: Covert atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major cause of cryptogenic stroke. This study investigated whether a dose-dependent relationship exists between the frequency of premature atrial contractions (PACs) and AF detection in patients with cryptogenic stroke using an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM).

Methods: We enrolled consecutive patients with cryptogenic stroke who underwent ICM implantation between October 2016 and September 2020 at 8 stroke centers in Japan.

Atrial Fibrillation Detection and Ischemic Stroke Recurrence in Cryptogenic Stroke: A Retrospective, Multicenter, Observational Study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to be a strong risk factor for stroke. However, the risk of stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke with AF detected after stroke by an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) is not well known. We sought to evaluate the risk of ischemic stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke with and without ICM-detected AF.

C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, and Vascular Recurrence According to Stroke Subtype: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Anti-inflammatory therapies reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in coronary artery disease but remain unproven after stroke. Establishing the subtype-specific association between inflammatory markers and recurrence risk is essential for optimal selection of patients in randomized trials (RCTs) of anti-inflammatory therapies for secondary stroke prevention.

Methods: Using individual participant data (IPD) identified from a systematic review, we analyzed the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular recurrence after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Stroke classification and treatment support system artificial intelligence for usefulness of stroke diagnosis.

Background And Aims: It is important to diagnose cerebral infarction at an early stage and select an appropriate treatment method. The number of stroke-trained physicians is unevenly distributed; thus, a shortage of specialists is a major problem in some regions. In this retrospective design study, we tested whether an artificial intelligence (AI) we built using computer-aided detection/diagnosis may help medical physicians to classify stroke for the appropriate treatment.