Invasion Dynamics and Migration Patterns of Fall Armyworm () in Shaanxi, China.

The fall armyworm () is a highly invasive agricultural pest that has caused significant damage to maize and other crops since its initial detection in China in 2019. Understanding its invasion dynamics, migration patterns, genetic diversity, and overwintering capacity is crucial for developing effective pest management strategies. This study investigates these aspects in Shaanxi Province, a critical transitional zone between northern and southern climates in China, from 2019 to 2023.

Critical Role of Transcription Factor CtSR in Mediating Ergosterol Biosynthesis and DMI Fungicides Sensitivity in .

Anthracnose caused by severely impacts global fruit/vegetable yields. Unlike other species, exhibits inherent resistance to some sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs), necessitating an understanding of ergosterol synthesis regulation and resistance mechanisms. A transcription factor, CtSR (CTRU02_06681), that regulates the DMI sensitivity in was identified in our study.

Impacts of neonicotinoid compounds on the structure and function of Apis mellifera OBP14: Insights from SPR, ITC, multispectroscopy, and molecular modeling.

Honeybees are vital for biodiversity and agricultural productivity, yet their populations are declining globally, partly due to exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides. Odorant-binding protein 14 (OBP14) plays an important role in honeybee chemosensation, but its involvement in neonicotinoid toxicity remains underexplored due to limitations in traditional fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. This gap hampers our understanding of neonicotinoid risks to honeybee health.

Molecular mechanisms of cis-oxygen bridge neonicotinoids to Apis mellifera Linnaeus chemosensory protein: Surface plasmon resonance, multiple spectroscopy techniques, and molecular modeling.

Honeybees, essential pollinators for maintaining biodiversity, are experiencing a sharp population decline, which has become a pressing environmental concern. Among the factors implicated in this decline, neonicotinoid pesticides, particularly those belonging to the fourth generation, have been the focus of extensive scrutiny due to their potential risks to honeybees. This study investigates the molecular basis of these risks by examining the binding interactions between Apis mellifera L.

Enhancing agrochemical delivery in citrus leaves with geraniol: a promising strategy for controlling huanglongbing (HLB).

Background: Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease in citrus, caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which primarily resides in the phloem where chemicals cannot effectively reach, posing a significant challenge in controlling HLB. To address these challenges, plant essential oils (EOs), widely used as transdermal enhancers and known for their benefits for plant tissues, were investigated for their potential to enhance chemical permeation.

Results: In this study, seven EOs - eugenol, carvacrol, eucalyptol, geraniol, linalool, cinnamaldehyde, and d-limonene - were evaluated for their potential to enhance chemical penetration into citrus leaves.

Optimizing UAV spray parameters to improve precise control of tobacco pests at different growth stages.

Background: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for pesticide application show promising potential in tobacco pest management. However, the impact of flight parameters on spray efficacy requires further investigation. Three field experiments were conducted from the rosette to the maturation stage of tobacco to systematically assess spray efficacy under varying flight heights, speeds, and application volumes.

Structural and functional impacts of neonicotinoids analogues on Apis mellifera's chemosensory protein: Insights from spectroscopic and molecular modeling investigations.

In the intricate web of ecological relationships, pollinators such as the Italian honeybee (Apis mellifera) play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and agricultural productivity. This study focuses on the interactions between three neonicotinoid compounds and the honeybee's chemosensory protein 3 (CSP3), a key player in their olfactory system. Employing advanced spectroscopic techniques and molecular modeling, we explore the binding dynamics and conformational changes in CSP3 upon exposure to these pesticides.

Probing the Interaction between Isoflucypram Fungicides and Human Serum Albumin: Multiple Spectroscopic and Molecular Modeling Investigations.

To better understand the potential toxicity risks of isoflucypram in humans, The interaction between isoflucypram and HSA (human serum albumin) was studied through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, ultraviolet-visible absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. The interaction details were studied using the molecular docking method and molecular dynamics simulation method. The results revealed that the effect of isoflucypram on human serum albumin was mixed (static and dynamic) quenching.

LncRNA-HOTAIRM1 promotes aerobic glycolysis and proliferation in osteosarcoma via the miR-664b-3p/Rheb/mTOR pathway.

Osteosarcoma (OS), which is a common and aggressive primary bone malignancy, occurs mainly in children and adolescent. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to play a pivotal role in various cancers. Here, we found that the lncRNA HOTAIRM1 is upregulated in OS cells and tissues.

Effects of Rhizosphere Microorganisms on the Uptake and Translocation of Organic Compounds in Maize Seedlings.

The plant root is a key pathway to absorb insecticides from soil and is colonized by beneficial and pathogenic microbial communities. Our study demonstrated that colonizing roots by nitrogen-fixing bacterium and pathogenic and increased the uptake of insecticides into maize roots from soil. An alteration in the permeability of root cells contributed to this increased uptake.

MicroRNA-324-3p inhibits osteosarcoma progression by suppressing PGAM1-mediated aerobic glycolysis.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the bone. Recent studies have indicated that the inhibitory effects of microRNA (miR)-324-3p could affect the development of numerous cancers. However, its biological roles and underlying mechanisms in OS progression remain unexplored.

Seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl mixture for managing fall armyworm on maize: systemic synergism, control efficiency and synergistic mechanism.

Background: Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the major invasive pests in China, and has been widely controlled by labor-intensive foliar sprays of agrochemicals in maize (Zea mays L.).

Results: Systemic bioassay showed that mixtures of chlorantraniliprole (Chlor) and carbaryl (Carb) had dramatically synergistic effect on toxicity to S.

Dynamics of gut microflora across the life cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda and its effects on the feeding and growth of larvae.

Background: Spodoptera frugiperda is an important invasive agricultural pest that causes huge economic losses worldwide. Gut microorganisms play a vital role in host feeding, digestion, nutrition, immunity, growth and insecticide resistance. Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to study the gut microbial community dynamics across the life cycle (egg, 1st to 6th instar larvae, pupae, and male and female adults) of S.

Primary Mode of Action of the Novel Sulfonamide Fungicide against and Field Control Effect on Tomato Gray Mold.

is considered an important plant pathogen and is responsible for significant crop yield losses. With the frequent application of commercial fungicides, . has developed resistance to many frequently used fungicides.

Factors Underlying the Prevalence of Infection of Corn Seeds Following Seed Treatment Application of Tebuconazole.

Microbial communities are essential for soil health, but fungicide application may have significant effects on their structure. It is difficult to predict whether nontarget pathogens of applied fungicides in the soil will cause crop damage. Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide that can be used as a seed treatment and, thereby, introduced to the soil.

Controlled-release granules for the delivery of pymetrozine to roots of transplanted rice seedlings with decreased phytotoxicity and enhanced control efficacy against paddy planthoppers.

Background: Seedling transplanting is widely used in rice cultivation. Systemic insecticides can be delivered to seedling roots by application through rice seedling boxes before transplanting. The most challenging aspect is to provide long-term control of rice pests and overcome transplanting shock.

Broadcasting of tiny granules by drone to mimic liquid spraying for the control of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

Background: The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is an invasive pest.

Uptake and translocation of imidacloprid via seed pathway and root pathway during early seedling growth of corn.

Background: A systemic seed treatment can be taken up into shoot tissues during early corn seedling growth. However, the pathway that a systemic compound is taken up, either from seed or root uptake to shoot tissues is not fully understood. To study the single contributions of seed pathway and root pathway for the uptake and translocation of imidacloprid seed treatment, two methods were developed: A seed treatment method and a growing media/hydroponic solution delivery method.

Biocidal radiuses of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin droplets controlling against cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) using an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Background: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a recently advanced aerial spraying technology. However, the median lethal number of droplets (LN ) and biocidal radiuses (r ) of insecticides droplets sprayed by UAVs are still unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the LN and r of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin droplets associated with adjuvant controlling against Aphis gossypii.

Paralogous Genes of spp. Mediate Differential Sensitivity to Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors.

spp. isolates contain two paralogous genes that encode sterol 14-demethylase enzymes; however, their role in sensitivity to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides is yet to be determined. In this study, each of the two genes from and was able to rescue the function of in the yeast , demonstrating their independent function.

Water-soluble food dye of Allura Red as a tracer to determine the spray deposition of pesticide on target crops.

Background: Quantification of spray deposition on a target crop is of vital importance to optimize pesticide application. In traditional determinations of spray deposition, a large amount of organic solvent is used to extract pesticides from the target crops. In this study, a water-soluble food dye of Allura Red was developed as a tracer to determine pesticide spray deposition on a rice target crop.

Biocidal radiuses of abamectin, thiamethoxam and sulfoxaflor droplets controlling against wheat aphid (Sitobion avenae).

Spraying insecticide is a common practice in the control against pest insects. However, little attention has been paid to the biocidal radius of droplets. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the biocidal radiuses of abamectin, thiamethoxam and sulfoxaflor droplets controlling against wheat aphid (Sitobion avenae).

Palladium Nanoparticles-Based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Aptasensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin M₁ in Milk.

A highly sensitive aptasensor for aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) detection was constructed based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs). PdNPs (33 nm) were synthesized through a seed-mediated growth method and exhibited broad and strong absorption in the whole ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) range. The strong coordination interaction between nitrogen functional groups of the AFM₁ aptamer and PdNPs brought FAM and PdNPs in close proximity, which resulted in the fluorescence quenching of FAM to a maximum extent of 95%.

The Mechanism by Which Dodecyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride Increased the Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to .

Beet armyworm, (Hübner) is one of the most destructive pests that causes significant losses in crops. Unfortunately, have developed resistance toward the majority of insecticides. Synergists may provide an important choice to deal with the resistance problems.

De novo transcriptome and expression profile analyses of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) reveals relevant flubendiamide response genes.

Background: The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), has become the most damaging insect pest of corn in Asia. However, the lack of genome or transcriptome information heavily hinders our further understanding of ACB in every aspect at a molecular level and on a genome-wide scale. Here, we used the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) Sequencer to explore the ACB transcriptome and to identify relevant genes in response to flubendiamide, showing high selective activity against ACB.