Removal of As from Tambo River Using Sodium Alginate from (Aracanto).

Arsenic (As) contamination in the Tambo River (Perú), linked to mining activities and volcanic eruptions, poses significant health and agricultural risks. This study evaluated sodium alginate extracted from the brown macroalgae (LT) as a biosorbent for As removal. Water samples from three river points revealed As concentrations up to 0.

Copper and Temperature Interactions Induce Differential Physiological and Metal Exclusion Responses in the Model Brown Macroalga .

The toxic effects of copper (Cu) excess in brown macroalgae have been well characterized. However, the interactive effects of increased temperatures, associated with climate change, and Cu stress on these macrophytes remain almost unexplored. In this study, we exposed the model brown seaweed to different Cu concentrations (0, 0.

Ecophysiological and Biochemical Responses of to Solar Eclipse-Induced Light Deprivation.

Light variability is a key environmental stressor influencing the physiology and productivity of marine macroalgae. This study examined the ecophysiological and biochemical responses of (Ochrophyta) during a natural light deprivation event caused by a solar eclipse. We measured the in vivo chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, photoinhibition, and photosynthetic capacity, along with the pigment content, phenolic compound accumulation, and antioxidant capacity, to evaluate short-term photosynthetic adjustments.

Comparative thermal tolerance of haploid and diploid phases of two intertidal Antarctic red algae Iridaea cordata and Sarcopeltis antarctica.

Physiological and biochemical responses to elevated temperatures were studied in the isomorphic tetrasporophyte (diploid) and gametophyte (haploid) phases of two Antarctic red macroalgal species (Sarcopeltis antarctica, former Gigartina skottsbergii - and Iridaea cordata), assessing whether ploidy affects the responses to extreme and fast warming events. The tetrasporophyte and gametophyte fronds of both species were exposed in the laboratory to 2 °C (control) and 8 °C (warming event) for up to 3 days. Photosynthetic performance and concentrations of chlorophyll a, total carotenoids, and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were determined.

Evaluating physico-chemical and biological impacts of brine discharges for a sustainable desalination development on South America's Pacific coast.

The expansion of seawater desalination is presented as a new way to supply fresh water for many coastal regions as an effort to counteract the increasing water scarcity. However, brine discharges also pose significant environmental challenges regarding their potential environmental impacts of marine ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to assess the physico-chemical impact of the brine discharges from Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants on South America pacific coastal ecosystems, assessing its potential physical-chemical impact (temperature, salinity, density and dissolved oxygen) on the receiving marine environment, and evaluating the oxidative and osmotic stress responses of the red macroalgae Rhodymenia corallina through diagnostic biomarkers in field-transplantation experiments.

The evolutive role of shoot apical meristems in the adaptation of angiosperms to life at sea and the jump to potential environmental biotechnology applications.

Seagrasses have adapted to a submerged lifestyle in seawater through a complex set of evolutionary processes. However, they show sensitivity to increases in natural salinity levels such as those commonly found in discharges of desalination plants, which have exponentially grown due to water scarcity in highly populated temperate areas, such as the Mediterranean basin. This study assessed the effects of brine-derived hypersalinity on the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica, focusing on the metabolic responses of shoot apical meristems (SAMs).

Assessment of brine discharges dispersion for sustainable management of SWRO plants on the South American Pacific coast.

Seawater desalination is one of the most feasible technologies for producing fresh water to address the water scarcity scenario worldwide. However, environmental concerns about the potential impact of brine discharge on marine ecosystems hinder or delay the development of desalination projects. In addition, scientific knowledge is lacking about the impact of brine discharges on the South America Pacific coast where desalination, is being developed.

Transcriptomic profiles and diagnostic biomarkers in the Mediterranean seagrasses Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa reveal mechanistic insights of adaptative strategies upon desalination brine stress.

Seawater desalination by reverse osmosis is growing exponentially due to water scarcity. Byproducts of this process (e.g.

Desalination brine effects beyond excess salinity: Unravelling specific stress signaling and tolerance responses in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica.

Desalination has been proposed as a global strategy for tackling freshwater shortage in the climate change era. However, there is a concern regarding the environmental effects of high salinity brines discharged from desalination plants on benthic communities. In this context, seagrasses such as the Mediterranean endemic and ecologically important Posidonia oceanica have shown high vulnerability to elevated salinities.

A risk assessment on Zostera chilensis, the last relict of marine angiosperms in the South-East Pacific Ocean, due to the development of the desalination industry in Chile.

Seagrasses, which are considered among the most ecologically valuable and endangered coastal ecosystems, have a narrowly limited distribution in the south-east Pacific, where Zostera chilensis is the only remaining relict. Due to water scarcity, desalination industry has grown in the last decades in the central-north coasts of Chile, which may be relevant to address in terms of potential impacts on benthic communities due to their associated high-salinity brine discharges to subtidal ecosystems. In this work, we assessed ecophysiological and cellular responses to desalination-extrapolable hypersalinity conditions on Z.

Daily changes on seasonal ecophysiological responses of the intertidal brown macroalga : Implications of climate change.

Global climate change is expected to have detrimental effects on coastal ecosystems, with impacts observable at the local and regional levels, depending on factors such as light, temperature, and nutrients. Shifts in dominance between primary producers that can capitalize on carbon availability for photosynthesis will have knock-on effects on marine ecosystems, affecting their ecophysiological responses and biological processes. Here, we study the ecophysiological vulnerability, photoacclimation capacity, and tolerance responses as ecophysiological responses of the intertidal kelp (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) during a year through different seasons (autumn, winter, spring, and summer) in the Pacific Ocean (central Chile).

Posidonia oceanica L. (Delile) meadows regression: Long-term affection may be induced by multiple impacts.

Coastal development has an undeniable impact on marine ecosystems resulting in the detriment of the more sensible communities. Posidonia oceanica meadows are climax communities which offer a wide variety of ecosystem services both ecological and socio-economic. Human-derived impact on these habitats has been widely assessed although conclusions may vary depending on the area.

from Copper-Polluted Sites Exhibits Intracellular Copper Accumulation, Increased Expression of Metallothioneins and Copper-Containing Nanoparticles in Chloroplasts.

In order to analyze the mechanisms involved in copper accumulation in , algae were collected at control sites of central and northern Chile, and at two copper-polluted sites of northern Chile. The level of intracellular copper, reduced glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs), PC2 and PC4, and transcripts encoding metallothioneins (MTs) of , , and , were determined. Algae of control sites contained around 20 μg of copper g of dry tissue (DT) whereas algae of copper-polluted sites contained 260 and 272 μg of copper g of DT.

Antarctic intertidal macroalgae under predicted increased temperatures mediated by global climate change: Would they cope?

The Antarctic Peninsula is one of the regions to be most affected by increase in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) mediated by Global Climate Change; indeed, most negative predictions imply an up to 6 °C increment by the end of the XXI century. Temperature is one of the most important factors mediating diversity and distribution of macroalgae, although there is still no consensus as to the likely effects of higher SSTs, especially for polar seaweeds. Some available information suggests that potential strategies to withstand future increases in SSTs will be founded upon the glutathione-ascorbate cycle and the induction of chaperone-functioning heat shock proteins (HSPs); however, their eventual role, even for general stress responses, is unclear.

Physiological and metabolic responses to hypersalinity reveal interpopulation tolerance in the green macroalga Ulva compressa with different pollution histories.

There is scarce investigation addressing interpopulation tolerance responses to address the influence of a history of chronic stress exposure, as that occurring in polluted environments, in photoautotrophs. We evaluated ecophysiological (photosynthetic activity) and metabolic (oxidative stress and damage) responses of two populations of green macroalga Ulva compressa from polluted (Ventanas) and non-polluted (Cachagua) localions of central Chile, and exposed to controlled hypersalinity conditions of 32 (control), 42, 62 and 82 psu (practical salinity units) for 6 h, 48 h and 6 d. Both primary production (ETR) and photosynthetic efficiency (α) were generally higher in the population from Cachagua compared to Ventanas at all times and salinities.

Mechanisms of Copper Tolerance, Accumulation, and Detoxification in the Marine Macroalga (Chlorophyta): 20 Years of Research.

Copper induces an oxidative stress condition in the marine alga that is due to the production of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, mainly in organelles. The increase in hydrogen peroxide is accompanied by increases in intracellular calcium and nitric oxide, and there is a crosstalk among these signals. The increase in intracellular calcium activates signaling pathways involving Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinases (CaMKs) and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs), leading to activation of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes involved in ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) synthesis.

Copper-induced concomitant increases in photosynthesis, respiration, and C, N and S assimilation revealed by transcriptomic analyses in Ulva compressa (Chlorophyta).

Background: The marine alga Ulva compressa is the dominant species in copper-polluted coastal areas in northern Chile. It has been shown that the alga tolerates micromolar concentrations of copper and accumulates copper at the intracellular level. Transcriptomic analyses were performed using total RNA of the alga cultivated with 10 μ M copper for 0, 1, 3 and 5 days using RNA-seq in order to identify processes involved in copper tolerance.

Isolation and Characterization of Copper- and Zinc- Binding Metallothioneins from the Marine Alga (Chlorophyta).

In this work, transcripts encoding three metallothioneins from (UcMTs) were amplified: The 5'and 3' UTRs by RACE-PCR, and the open reading frames (ORFs) by PCR. Transcripts encoding UcMT1.1 (-like), UcMT2 (-like), and UcMT3 (-like) showed a 5'UTR of 61, 71, and 65 nucleotides and a 3'UTR of 418, 235, and 193 nucleotides, respectively.

MAPK Pathway under Chronic Copper Excess in Green Macroalgae (Chlorophyta): Influence on Metal Exclusion/Extrusion Mechanisms and Photosynthesis.

There is currently no information regarding the role that whole mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play in counteracting environmental stress in photosynthetic organisms. To address this gap, we exposed to chronic levels of copper (10 µM) specific inhibitors of Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinases (ERK), c-Jun -terminal Kinases (JNK), and Cytokinin Specific Binding Protein (p38) MAPKs alone or in combination. Intracellular copper accumulation and photosynthetic activity (in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence) were measured after 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 6 days of exposure.

MAPK Pathway under Chronic Copper Excess in Green Macroalgae (Chlorophyta): Involvement in the Regulation of Detoxification Mechanisms.

Following the physiological complementary/parallel Celis-Plá et al., by inhibiting extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and cytokinin specific binding protein (p38), we assessed the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway in detoxification responses mediated by chronic copper (10 µM) in . Parameters were taken at 6, 24, and 48 h, and 6 days (d).

Oligo-carrageenan kappa increases glucose, trehalose and TOR-P and subsequently stimulates the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, and basal and secondary metabolisms in Eucalyptus globulus.

Background: It has been previously shown that oligo-carrageenan (OC) kappa increases growth, photosynthesis and activities of enzymes involved in basal and secondary metabolisms in Eucalyptus globulus. However, it is not known whether OC kappa may induce the activation of TOR pathway and the increase in expression of genes encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis and enzymes of basal and secondary metabolisms.

Results: E.

Cadmium and/or copper excess induce interdependent metal accumulation, DNA methylation, induction of metal chelators and antioxidant defences in the seagrass Zostera marina.

In this investigation, we assessed the effects of Cu and/or Cd excess on physiological and metabolic processes of the widespread seagrass Zostera marina. Adult were exposed to low Cd and Cu (0.89 and 0.

Copper excess detoxification is mediated by a coordinated and complementary induction of glutathione, phytochelatins and metallothioneins in the green seaweed Ulva compressa.

In order to analyze the involvement of intracellular thiol-chelators in the accumulation and detoxification of copper, the marine alga Ulva compressa was cultivated with increasing concentrations of copper such as 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μM for up to 12 d, and the amount of intracellular copper, glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs) and transcripts encoding three metallothioneins (MTs) were determined.

Copper stress induces antioxidant responses and accumulation of sugars and phytochelatins in Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl.

Background: In field, C. quitensis is subjected to many abiotic extreme environmental conditions, such as low temperatures, high UV-B, salinity and reduced water potentials, but not metal or metalloid high concentrations in soil, however, other members of Caryophyllaceae family have tolerance to high concentrations of metals, this is the case of Silene genre. In this work, we hypothesize that C.