Trends in hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures: Surgeon or patient driven?

Introduction: The primary objective was to analyze the trends in hemiarthroplasty (HA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for adult patients with fractures (FNFs), with a focus on geriatric population, over the past two decades. The secondary objectives were to compare outcomes between HA and THA and evaluate its association with patient- and surgeon- specific factors.

Methods And Materials: Design: Retrospective cohort.

Fluoroscopy Use and Radiation Exposure in Distal Radius Fracture Fixation.

Background: The primary aim of this study was to quantify radiation exposure during the surgical fixation of distal radius fractures (DRF). Secondary aims included determining patient and surgeon factors associated with higher intraoperative fluoroscopic use.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 342 patients with DRF who underwent acute surgical fixation between January 1, 2017, and June 1, 2019.

Disruption of TAD hierarchy promotes LTR co-option in cancer.

Transposable elements (TEs) are abundant in the human genome, and they provide the source for genetic and functional diversity. Previous studies have suggested that TEs are repressed by DNA methylation and chromatin modifications. Here through integrating transcriptome and 3D genome architecture studies, we showed that haploinsufficient loss of NIPBL selectively activates alternative promoters (altPs) at the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of the TE subclasses.

Ultrasensitive cDNA Library Preparation for Next-generation Sequencing of MicroRNAs from Small Extracellular Vesicles.

Recent studies demonstrate that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which are found in all biofluids, play critical roles in intercellular communication by channeling proteins, DNA, and RNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that are packaged in sEVs have emerged as critical deliverable regulators in recipient cells. Since sEVs secreted by normal and diseased cells carry different miRNA cargos, recent sEV-miRNA profiling studies suggest that they may help identify novel circulating biomarkers.

Utility of Sonication for Fracture-Related Infection.

Objectives: To determine the utility of sonication compared to traditional tissue culture in the setting of fracture-related infections (FRIs).

Methods: Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: One Level 1 Trauma Center.

A Rapid F0 CRISPR Screen in Zebrafish to Identify Regulator Genes of Neuronal Development in the Enteric Nervous System.

Background: The neural crest-derived enteric nervous system (ENS) provides the intrinsic innervation of the gut with diverse neuronal subtypes and glial cells. The ENS regulates all essential gut functions, such as motility, nutrient uptake, immune response, and microbiota colonization. Deficits in ENS neuron numbers and composition cause debilitating gut dysfunction.

Narrative patent review of penile clamp, artificial urinary sphincter, and sling innovation in the management of male stress urinary incontinence.

Background And Objective: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary loss of urine affecting 1-3% of the male population. To manage leakage, patients may try a plethora of penile clamps. and may even consider artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) or sling implantation.

Assessment of conflicts of interest in literature on monoclonal antibodies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis using the Open Payments Database.

Background: Accurate conflict of interest (COI) information is essential for promoting transparency and trust in research. We aim to assess COI disclosure patterns in monoclonal antibodies (MABs) research for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) using the Open Payments Database (OPD).

Methods: Studies on FDA-approved MABs for CRSwNP (dupilumab, omalizumab, mepolizumab) published between 2019 and 2021 with at least one US author were identified through PubMed.

TAD hierarchy restricts poised LTR activation and loss of TAD hierarchy promotes LTR co-option in cancer.

Transposable elements (TEs) are abundant in the human genome, and they provide the sources for genetic and functional diversity. The regulation of TEs expression and their functional consequences in physiological conditions and cancer development remain to be fully elucidated. Previous studies suggested TEs are repressed by DNA methylation and chromatin modifications.

Infant feeding experiences among Indigenous communities in Canada, the United States, Australia, and Aotearoa: a scoping review of the qualitative literature.

Background: Although exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life, research suggests that breastfeeding initiation rates and duration among Indigenous communities differ from this recommendation. Qualitative studies point to a variety of factors influencing infant feeding decisions; however, there has been no collective review of this literature published to date. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review was to identify and summarize the qualitative literature regarding Indigenous infant feeding experiences within Canada, the United States, Australia, and Aotearoa.

Non-invasive detection of orthotopic human lung tumors by microRNA expression profiling of mouse exhaled breath condensates and exhaled extracellular vesicles.

Aim: The lung is the second most frequent site of metastatic dissemination. Early detection is key to improving survival. Given that the lung interfaces with the external environment, the collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) provides the opportunity to obtain biological material including exhaled miRNAs that originate from the lung.

Evaluating Prescriber Adherence to a Standardized Postoperative Opioid Prescription Protocol for Cubital Tunnel Surgery.

Purpose: Concerns regarding the ongoing opioid epidemic have led to the implementation of standardized postoperative opioid-prescribing protocols for many common hand surgical procedures. This study investigated patient- and procedure-specific factors affecting adherence to a standardized postoperative opioid-prescribing protocol after cubital tunnel surgery.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent primary cubital tunnel surgery within one academic medical system between October 1, 2016 (after the implementation of a standardized postoperative opioid-prescribing protocol) and March 1, 2020 was performed.

Exhaled breath condensate contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry miRNA cargos of lung tissue origin that can be selectively purified and analyzed.

Lung diseases, including lung cancer, are rising causes of global mortality. Despite novel imaging technologies and the development of biomarker assays, the detection of lung cancer remains a significant challenge. However, the lung communicates directly with the external environment and releases aerosolized droplets during normal tidal respiration, which can be collected, stored and analzsed as exhaled breath condensate (EBC).

ChatGPT for Automated Cross-Checking of Authors' Conflicts of Interest Against Industry Payments.

Objective: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services "OpenPayments" database tracks industry payments to US physicians to improve research conflicts of interest (COIs) transparency, but manual cross-checking of articles' authors against this database is labor-intensive. This study aims to assess the potential of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT to automate COI data analysis in medical publications.

Study Design: An observational study analyzing the accuracy of ChatGPT in automating the cross-checking of COI disclosures in medical research articles against the OpenPayments database.

High rates of vitamin D insufficiency among patients presenting for total knee arthroplasty.

Widely varying prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been reported in patients presenting for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The primary aim of this study was to determine vitamin D levels in TKA patients and to compare to patients already routinely evaluated for vitamin D levels, patients with fragility fractures of the distal radius (DRF). There is significant overlap between patients presenting for TKA and with DRF, both in terms of medical comorbidities and overall health status, making these populations suitable comparative cohorts.

Risk Factors for Rescue Opioid Prescription After Cubital Tunnel Surgery.

Background: Concerns regarding the ongoing opioid epidemic have led to heightened scrutiny of postoperative opioid prescribing patterns for common orthopedic surgical procedures. This study investigated patient- and procedure-specific risk factors for additional postoperative opioid rescue prescriptions following ambulatory cubital tunnel surgery.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent cubital tunnel surgery at 2 academic medical centers between June 1, 2015 and March 1, 2020.

Unraveling Links between Chronic Inflammation and Long COVID: Workshop Report.

As COVID-19 continues, an increasing number of patients develop long COVID symptoms varying in severity that last for weeks, months, or longer. Symptoms commonly include lingering loss of smell and taste, hearing loss, extreme fatigue, and "brain fog." Still, persistent cardiovascular and respiratory problems, muscle weakness, and neurologic issues have also been documented.

Clinic Study Completion Rate in Orthopedic Surgery.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to determine the rate of completion of clinic-based study orders. Secondarily, we attempt to determine factors associated with study incompletion.

Methods: This retrospective study included 591 clinic-based studies that were ordered for 510 patients at the time of clinical evaluation at a single medical center between April 8, 2018 and August 22, 2019.

Do Socioeconomic Factors Affect Symptom Duration and Disease Severity at Presentation for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

Background: Socioeconomic factors have been implicated in delayed presentation for compressive neuropathies of the upper extremity. Our article seeks to elucidate the effect of socioeconomic factors on self-reported symptom duration and objective disease severity at presentation for cubital tunnel syndrome.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 207 patients with surgical management of cubital tunnel syndrome at 2 institutions between June 1, 2015, and March 1, 2020.

Outcomes After Acute Versus Delayed Total Elbow Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Distal Humerus Fractures.

Purpose: Compare outcomes of acute versus delayed total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) following distal humerus fractures (DHF).

Methods: This retrospective study included 39 patients who underwent primary TEA with semiconstrained implants for DHF, either within 4 weeks of their injury or after failing initial open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or nonsurgical management, between June 1, 2003 and February 1, 2018 with minimum 1-year follow-up. Our outcome measures included DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) score, complications, reoperations, and range of motion (ROM).

A Novel Saliva and Serum miRNA Panel as a Potential Useful Index for Oral Cancer and the Association of miR-21 with Smoking History: a Pilot Study.

Unlabelled: Tobacco use is implicated in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is associated with poor survival if not diagnosed early. Identification of novel noninvasive, highly sensitive, and cost-effective diagnostic and risk assessment methods for OSCC would improve early detection. Here, we report a pilot study assessing salivary and serum miRNAs associated with OSCC and stratified by smoking status.

Prognostic value of absolute lymphocyte count in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) has been shown to be a prognostic indicator in other solid tumors. Given this, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of ALC in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: Using our institutional tumor registry data, we identified patients ≥18 years old who were diagnosed with OSCC between 2012 and 2018.

Evaluating Male Patients' Understanding of Osteoporosis Evaluation and Treatment Following a Distal Radius Fracture.

Purpose: Current estimates suggest that 1-2 million men in the United States have osteoporosis, yet the majority of osteoporosis literature focuses on postmenopausal women. Our aim was to understand men's awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis and its treatment.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 male patients >50 years old who sustained a low-energy distal radius fracture.