Longitudinal Association of Decreased Serum Uric Acid Level with the Thinning of Ganglion Cell Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Chinese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Retinopathy.

Purpose: To explore the associations between serum uric acid (SUA) level change and changes in the retinal neurodegenerative biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy.

Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study based on the baseline and 1-year follow-up data of the Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy were recruited.

Effect of intensive glycemic control on the changes of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: A large body of evidence supports the long-term benefits of intensive glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between intensive glycemic control and diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression in T2DM patients in the short-term remains under debate. Therefore, we investigated the effect of intensive glycemic control on DR changes in the short-term.

Utility of Portable Fundus Camera in Teaching Direct Ophthalmoscopy to Medical Students.

Background: Direct ophthalmoscopy (DO) an essential skill for junior doctors. DO allows for quick and effective fundus examinations to detect life- and vision-threatening diseases. However, medical students often find it difficult to master DO due to the challenges associated with fundus visualisation.

Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema in patients with early and late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To compare the prevalence, incidence, and factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular edema (DME) in patients with early-onset (EOD) and late-onset diabetes (LOD).

Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were recruited from a community-based study conducted in southern urban China. Participants were followed up for 2 years.

Characterization of Vortex Vein Drainage System in Healthy Individuals Imaged by Ultra-Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the choroidal characteristics of vortex vein (VV) drainage systems in healthy individuals using ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods: The mean choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) of each VV quadrant (24 × 20 mm2 scan mode; superotemporal [ST], superonasal [SN], inferonasal [IN], and inferotemporal [IT] quadrants) were calculated. Furthermore, intervortex venous anastomosis (IVA) was classified into temporal, superior, inferior, and nasal types.

Choroidal Vortex Vein Drainage System in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using Ultra-Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate differences in the choroidal vortex vein drainage system (VV) in eyes between patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and unaffected individuals using ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF-OCTA).

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 40 eyes of patients with CSC and 28 eyes of healthy volunteers were included. The analysis involved the use of UWF-OCTA to analyze the proportion of the choroidal vortex vein drainage system (VV%), choroidal thickness, choroidal vascular volume (CVV), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) of the VV in each drainage quadrant.

An artificial intelligence system for the whole process from diagnosis to treatment suggestion of ischemic retinal diseases.

Ischemic retinal diseases (IRDs) are a series of common blinding diseases that depend on accurate fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) image interpretation for diagnosis and treatment. An artificial intelligence system (Ai-Doctor) was developed to interpret FFA images. Ai-Doctor performed well in image phase identification (area under the curve [AUC], 0.

Incidence, causes and risk factors of vision loss in rural Southern China: 6-year follow-up of the Yangxi Eye Study.

Purpose: To report the 6-year incidence, causes and risk factors for vision loss (visual impairment (VI) and blindness), among elderly adults in rural southern China.

Methods: Population-based, cohort study. Initiated in 2014, the study recruited participants aged 50 and older using random cluster sampling from Yangxi County.

Choroidal Vascularity Index as a Biomarker for Visual Response to Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment in Diabetic Macular Edema.

Purpose: To investigate the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) as a prognostic factor for the visual efficacy of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 92 DME eyes receiving anti-VEGF treatment, which were stratified as responders (≥5 letters gained) and nonresponders (<5 letters gained or lost). Baseline systematic features and optical coherence tomography features, including the CVI, adjusted ellipsoid zone (EZ) reflectivity, subretinal fluid (SRF), and disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL), were evaluated between the two groups.

The Relationship between Macular Vessel Density and Thickness with Light Sensitivity in Myopic Eyes.

: To investigate vasculature-function and structure-function relationship in healthy myopic eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and microperimetry (MAIA). : A total of 370 eyes from 190 participants were enrolled in this study. Subjects divided into three groups based on refractive status: low myopia (LM) (-3.

Melatonin attenuated retinal neovascularization and neuroglial dysfunction by inhibition of HIF-1α-VEGF pathway in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinopathy characterized by retinal neovascularization (RNV) occurring in preterm infants treated with high concentrations of oxygen and may lead to blindness in severe cases. Currently, anti-VEGF therapy is a major treatment for ROP, but it is costly and may cause serious complications. The previous study has demonstrated that melatonin exerted neuroprotective effect against retinal ganglion cell death induced by hypoxia in neonatal rats.

Salubrinal attenuated retinal neovascularization by inhibiting CHOP-HIF1α-VEGF pathways.

Retinal neovascularization (RNV) related disease is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. The aim of this study is to identify whether salubrinal could attenuate RNV by inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP)- hypoxia inducible factors 1α (HIF1α) -vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways in both mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells (mRMECs) and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model. After being treated with salubrinal (20μmol/L) or CHOP-siRNA, mRMECs were exposed to a hypoxia environment.

FK506 suppresses hypoxia‑induced inflammation and protects tight junction function via the CaN‑NFATc1 signaling pathway in retinal microvascular epithelial cells.

The present study aimed to identify whether FK506 suppresses hypoxia‑induced inflammation and protects tight junction function via the calcineurin‑nuclear factor of activated T‑cells 1 (CaN‑NFATc1) signaling pathway in mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells (mRMECs). The mRMECs were treated with FK506 at different concentrations following the induction of hypoxia. Trans‑epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell permeability were examined to measure the integrity of the tight junctions.

Madecassic Acid protects against hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in retinal microvascular endothelial cells via ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Madecassic acid (MA) is an abundant triterpenoid in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. (Apiaceae) that has been used as a wound-healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent.