Computational spectro-polarimetric imaging with resolution-preserving demosaicking.

Light fields contain rich information, including intensity, spectrum, and polarization, but conventional imaging systems are often monofunctional for spectral or polarization measurements, limiting their application scenarios. This work proposes a spectro-polarimetric imaging system that integrates computational spectral and polarization imaging to simultaneously capture both types of information. Using a division of focal plane (DoFP) polarization camera and 16 polarization-independent broadband filters to modulate and capture spectral-polarimetric content, the system reconstructs data at four polarization angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°) across 31 spectral bands (400-700 nm, 10 nm intervals) with a high spatial resolution of 2448 × 2048, achieving the full spatial-resolution of the polarization camera and enabling the extraction of the three Stokes parameters (S, S, S), along with the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) and angle of polarization (AoP).

KLF4 mediates the contradictory effects of phenylethyl isothiocyanate in gastric cancer intervention.

Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) exerts anti-gastric cancer effect, however, the molecular mechanism has not yet been elucidated. KLF4 is an important regulatory molecule in gastric cancer. The programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) interacts with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), inhibits function of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and helps gastric cancer cells evade immune surveillance.

Exploring the mechanism of (Bunge) Kitag's therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis: integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking and experiments.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by joint swelling, cartilage degradation, and joint deformity. The traditional Chinese herb (Bunge) Kitag has been utilized in the management of RA, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study utilized network pharmacology analysis to identify 26 active compounds associated with RA treatment and elucidate their interactions with 23 critical targets linked to RA.

A computational spectrometer for the visible, near, and mid-infrared enabled by a single-spinning film encoder.

Computational spectrometers enable low-cost, in-situ, and rapid spectral analysis, with applications in chemistry, biology, and environmental science. Traditional filter-based spectral encoding approaches typically use filter arrays, complicating the manufacturing process and hindering device consistency. Here we propose a computational spectrometer spanning visible to mid-infrared by combining the Single-Spinning Film Encoder (SSFE) with a deep learning-based reconstruction algorithm.

Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of 2D Nonlayered CuInSe for Vacancy-Assisted Broadband Photodetection.

The properties and device applications of 2D semiconductors are highly sensitive to intrinsic structural defects due to their ultrathin nature. CuInSe (CIS) materials own excellent optoelectronic properties and ordered copper vacancies, making them widely applicable in photovoltaic and photodetection fields. However, the synthesis of 2D CIS nanoflakes remains challenging due to the nonlayered structure, multielement composition, and the competitive growth of various by-products, which further hinders the exploration of vacancy-related optoelectronic devices.

Proteomic Profiling of Venoms from and : Enzymatic Activities and Toxicity Assessment.

Kraits are venomous snakes of the genus from the family . Their venom typically demonstrates neurotoxicity; however, the toxicity is significantly influenced by the snake's species and geographical origin. Among the species, and have been poorly studied, with little to no information available regarding their venom composition.

Characterization, mechanisms, structure-activity relationships, and antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitory peptides: rapid screening from sufu hydrolysate.

This study investigates the characterization, mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, and antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitory peptides derived from sufu hydrolysate following simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Sufu was enzymatically digested using pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin to mimic gastrointestinal conditions, followed by ultrafiltration to fractionate the peptides based on molecular weight. The fraction under 1 kDa exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity.

Sulforaphane impaired immune checkpoint blockade therapy through activating ΔNP63α/PD-L1 axis in gastric cancer.

Sulforaphane (SFN) exerts anticancer effect on various cancers including gastric cancer. However, the regulatory effect of SFN on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and checkpoint blockade therapy in gastric cancer have not been elucidated. Here we demonstrated that SFN suppressed gastric cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo study.

Phytochemicals in regulating PD-1/PD-L1 and immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Clinical treatment and preclinical studies have highlighted the role of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment. Research has been devoted to developing immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with other drugs to achieve better efficacy or reduce adverse effects. Phytochemicals sourced from vegetables and fruits have demonstrated antiproliferative, proapoptotic, anti-migratory, and antiangiogenic effects against several cancers.

Vaccine-induced inflammation and inflammatory monocytes promote CD4+ T cell-dependent immunity against murine salmonellosis.

Prior infection can generate protective immunity against subsequent infection, although the efficacy of such immunity can vary considerably. Live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are one of the most effective methods for mimicking this natural process, and analysis of their efficacy has proven instrumental in the identification of protective immune mechanisms. Here, we address the question of what makes a LAV efficacious by characterising immune responses to a LAV, termed TAS2010, which is highly protective (80-90%) against lethal murine salmonellosis, in comparison with a moderately protective (40-50%) LAV, BRD509.

Nanolaminate-based antireflection coatings for enhanced scratch and tribological performance.

Developing durable antireflection (AR) coatings with sapphire-like hardness and high transparency faces a significant challenge. Conventionally, achieving these requirements involves depositing thick, high-hardness nitride films. Here, we proposed an alternative approach that combines nanolaminate materials with optical design, overcoming the brittleness of thick nitride films.

Liraglutide modulates adhesion molecules and enhances cell properties in three-dimensional cultures of olfactory ensheathing cells.

Cell transplantation using olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a promising approach for nerve repair but there are numerous limitations with their delivery method. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems potentially offer a powerful approach for cell production and delivery options. To further optimise the use of OECs, strategies to promote cell viability and maintain cell behaviours in 3D cultures become important.

A booster regime of liposome-delivered live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine RNA genome protects against chikungunya virus disease in mice.

Mosquito-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the causal pathogen of CHIKV disease and is responsible for global epidemics of arthritic disease. CHIKV infection can lead to severe chronic and debilitating arthralgia, significantly impacting patient mobility and quality of life. Our previous studies have shown a live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine candidate, CHIKV-NoLS, to be effective in protecting against CHIKV disease in mice vaccinated with one dose.

General-purpose mid-infrared micro-spectrometer based on hierarchical residual CNN and data augmentation.

Taking advantage of broad response range and snap-shot operation mode, reconstructive spectrometers based on integrated frequency-modulation microstructure and computational techniques attract lots of attention. The key problems in reconstruction are sparse samplings related with the limited detectors and generalization ability due to data-driving principle. Here, we demonstrate abstractly a mid-infrared micro-spectrometer covering 2.

Isothiocyanates attenuate immune checkpoint blockage therapy in gastric cancer via induction of PD-L1 expression.

The PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy has shown revolutionary efficacy in the treatment of multiple cancers including gastric cancer. Isothiocyanates play important roles in cancer cell suppression and immunomodulation. However, the effects of isothiocyanates on immune checkpoint inhibitors are poorly understood in gastric cancer.

Wide-angle broadband antireflection coatings with nano-taper hydrated alumina film.

Wide-angle and broadband antireflection (AR) coating is of the essence in modern optical systems in many fields, which has a great influence on the stray light and imaging quality. A simple and convenient manufacturing method is proposed to address this issue based on a composite coating combining the nano-tapered AlO•xHO (AH) structure and high-low index thin film stack. The optical properties of nano-tapered AH structure at various thickness are first studied and modeled in optics by several homogeneous sub-layers with the graded equivalent index.

Apatinib Suppresses Gastric Cancer Stem Cells Properties by Inhibiting the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway.

The presence of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) marks the onset of gastric carcinoma. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway plays a vital role in the maintenance of GCSC characteristics. Apatinib has been approved in China for advanced gastric cancer (GC) treatment.

Broadband absorption coating for large-curvature surfaces by atomic layer deposition.

For many applications, large curvature surfaces or complicated 3D structures are required to absorb light that falls on them to reduce stray light or energy collection. A novel, to the best of our knowledge, strategy with a metal-dielectric film stack by the atomic layer deposition technique is put forward to achieve broadband absorption coating covering both sides of a quartz tube completely. Absorptive metallic material of titanium-aluminum-carbon composite and dielectric material of aluminum oxide () is employed to realize high absorption (>99) for the 400-780 nm band with the configuration of a six-layer metal-dielectric film stack.

Outdoor Personal Thermal Management with Simultaneous Electricity Generation.

Outdoor personal thermal comfort is of substantial significance to ameliorate the health conditions of pedestrian and outdoor laborer. However, the uncontrollable sunlight, substantial radiative loss, and intense temperature fluctuations in the outdoor environment present majestic challenges to outdoor personal thermal management. Here, we report an eco-friendly passive nanostructured textile which harvests energy from the sun and the outer space for optional localized heating and cooling.

Protective effects of ginseng stem-leaf saponins on D-galactose-induced reproductive injury in male mice.

is a perennial plant in the Araliaceae family. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) isolated from against D-galactose-induced reproductive function decline, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Reproductive injuries were induced in mice via the subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (300 mg/kg) for six weeks.

Adverse effects of iron deficiency anemia on pregnancy outcome and offspring development and intervention of three iron supplements.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common micronutrient deficiency among pregnant women with severe consequences including impaired immuno-inflammatory system, premature birth, fetal death etc. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of three iron supplements on IDA female rats and their offspring. The IDA female rat model was established with low iron diet and the rats were then mated.

Flexible Usage and Interconnectivity of Diverse Cell Death Pathways Protect against Intracellular Infection.

Programmed cell death contributes to host defense against pathogens. To investigate the relative importance of pyroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis during Salmonella infection, we infected mice and macrophages deficient for diverse combinations of caspases-1, -11, -12, and -8 and receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3). Loss of pyroptosis, caspase-8-driven apoptosis, or necroptosis had minor impact on Salmonella control.

Optical Device Based on a Nanopillar Array by the Pattern Transfer of an Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membrane.

A simple and convenient nanofabrication method is proposed to achieve nanopillar arrays by the pattern transfer of an anodic aluminum oxide membrane, profiting from the rapid and efficient preparation process and regular hexagonal lattice patterns of the anodic aluminum oxide template. The taper angle of the nanopillar is affected by the distribution of the vapor particles during the deposition process, which is highly dependent on the material and deposition power. Based on this method, a novel scheme employing aluminum nanopillar arrays is demonstrated to realize the color tuning feature by simply varying the thickness of the top dielectric layer within a large range.