Mobilization of nuclear antiviral factors by exportin XPO1 via the actin network inhibits RNA virus replication.

The intricate interplay between +RNA viruses and their hosts involves the exploitation of host resources to build virus-induced membranous replication organelles (VROs) in cytosol of infected cells. Previous genome- and proteome-wide approaches have identified numerous nuclear proteins, including restriction factors that affect replication of tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV). However, it is currently unknown how cells mobilize nuclear antiviral proteins and how tombusviruses manipulate nuclear-cytoplasmic communication.

Targeting the HuR/E2F7 axis synergizes with bortezomib against multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disease caused by the proliferation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow and is still incurable. Relapse and drug resistance are common in MM. New therapeutic targets are urgently needed for MM treatment.

[Evidence mapping of clinical research on 35 commonly used oral Chinese patent medicines in treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage].

Evidence mapping was used to systematically analyze the clinical research evidence of oral Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), thus revealing the distribution and quality of evidence in this field. The relevant articles were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to July 5, 2024. The distribution characteristics of evidence were presented numerically and graphically.

A Library of Seed@High-Entropy-Alloy Core-shell Nanocrystals With Controlled Facets for Catalysis.

High-entropy-alloy (HEA) nanocrystals hold immense potential for catalysis, offering virtually unlimited alloy combinations through the inclusion of at least five constituent elements in varying ratios. However, general and effective strategies for synthesizing libraries of HEA nanocrystals with controlled surface atomic structures remain scarce. In this study, a transferable strategy for developing a library of facet-controlled seed@HEA nanocrystals through seed-mediated growth is presented.

Recent Range Expansion and Genomic Admixture in a Kleptoparasitic Spider, Argyrodes lanyuensis: A Case of Adaptive Introgression on Small, Isolated Islands of the Taiwan-Philippine Transition Zone?

Adaptive introgression involves the acquisition of advantageous genetic variants through hybridisation, which are subsequently favoured by natural selection due to their association with beneficial traits. Here, we analysed speciation patterns of the kleptoparasitic spider, Argyrodes lanyuensis, through genomic analyses and tested for possible genetic evidence of adaptive introgression at the Taiwan-Philippines transition zone. Our study used highly polymorphic SNPs to demonstrate that speciation occurred when the Hualien (on Taiwan Island + Green Island) and Orchid Island + Philippine lineages separated during the early to mid-Pleistocene.

Early career member highlights from the 22nd ERS Lung Science Conference: development of chronic lung diseases - from life-spanning mechanisms to preventive therapy.

https://bit.ly/4cbMjpS.

Unconventional Hexagonal Close-Packed High-Entropy Alloy Surfaces Synergistically Accelerate Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution.

Accelerating the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which involves the slow cleavage of HO-H bonds and the adsorption/desorption of hydrogen (H*) and hydroxyl (OH*) intermediates, requires developing catalysts with optimal binding strengths for these intermediates. Here, the unconventional hexagonal close-packed (HCP) high-entropy alloy (HEA) atomic layers are prepared composed of five platinum-group metals to enhance the alkaline HER synergistically. The breakthrough is made by layer-by-layer heteroepitaxial deposition of subnanometer RuRhPdPtIr HEA layers on the HCP Ru seeds, despite the thermodynamic stability of Rh, Pd, Pt, and Ir in a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure except for Ru.

[Evidence mapping of clinical studies on 23 commonly used Chinese patent medicines for treating insomnia].

Evidence mapping was performed to systematically search and review the clinical studies about the treatment of insomnia with Chinese patent medicines. The evidence distribution in this field was analyzed and the problems of the studies were summarized. Chinese-and English-language articles of the studies involving the Chinese patent medicines specified in three national drug catalogs for the treatment of insomnia were searched against the databases with the time interval from inception to August 2023.

A catalyst family of high-entropy alloy atomic layers with square atomic arrangements comprising iron- and platinum-group metals.

We report a catalyst family of high-entropy alloy (HEA) atomic layers having three elements from iron-group metals (IGMs) and two elements from platinum-group metals (PGMs). Ten distinct quinary compositions of IGM-PGM-HEA with precisely controlled square atomic arrangements are used to explore their impact on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The PtRuFeCoNi atomic layers perform enhanced catalytic activity and durability toward HER and HOR when benchmarked against the other IGM-PGM-HEA and commercial Pt/C catalysts.

Fibroblast growth factor 10 reverses cigarette smoke- and elastase-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension in mice.

Background: COPD is an incurable disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. In mice, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)10 is essential for lung morphogenesis, and in humans, polymorphisms in the human gene correlate with an increased susceptibility to develop COPD.

Methods: We analysed FGF10 signalling in human lung sections and isolated cells from healthy donor, smoker and COPD lungs.

Imaging analysis reveals budding of filamentous human metapneumovirus virions and direct transfer of inclusion bodies through intercellular extensions.

Human metapneumovirus is an important respiratory pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the very young, the elderly, and the immunosuppressed. However, the molecular details of how this virus spreads to new target cells are unclear. This work provides important new information on the formation of filamentous structures that are consistent with virus particles and adds critical new insight into the structure of extensions between cells that form during infection.

Toward controllable and predictable synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanocrystals.

High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanocrystals have attracted extensive attention in catalysis. However, there are no effective strategies for synthesizing them in a controllable and predictable manner. With quinary HEA nanocrystals made of platinum-group metals as an example, we demonstrate that their structures with spatial compositions can be predicted by quantitatively knowing the reduction kinetics of metal precursors and entropy of mixing in the nanocrystals under dropwise addition of the mixing five-metal precursor solution.

Nicotine promotes e-cigarette vapour-induced lung inflammation and structural alterations.

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapour is gaining popularity as an alternative to tobacco smoking and can induce acute lung injury. However, the specific role of nicotine in e-cigarette vapour and its long-term effects on the airways, lung parenchyma and vasculature remain unclear.

Results: exposure to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapour extract (ECVE) or to nicotine-free e-cigarette vapour extract (NF ECVE) induced changes in gene expression of epithelial cells and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), but ECVE in particular caused functional alterations ( a decrease in human and mouse PASMC proliferation by 29.

Effect of mask coverage on face identification in Taiwanese men and women.

Mask wearing is the easiest and most effective way to avoid COVID-19 infection; however, it affects interpersonal activities, especially face identification. This study examined the effects of three mask coverage levels (full coverage, FC; coverage up to the middle [MB] or bottom of the nose bridge [BB]) on face identification accuracy and time. A total of 115 university students (60 men and 55 women) were recruited to conduct a computer-based simulation test consisting of 30 questions (10 questions [five face images each of men and women] for the three mask coverage levels).

iNOS Deletion in Alveolar Epithelium Cannot Reverse the Elastase-Induced Emphysema in Mice.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. In addition to chronic bronchitis and emphysema, patients often develop at least mild pulmonary hypertension (PH). We previously demonstrated that inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) prevents and reverses emphysema and PH in mice.

Montelukast, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist, inhibits cardiac fibrosis by activating APJ.

Montelukast, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) antagonist, is used clinically for patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and allergic rhinitis. It has been reported that CysLT1R antagonists could reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases in animal studies. Cardiac fibrosis is one of the major causes of heart failure.

[Molecular mechanism of Spatholobi Caulis in treatment of ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental verification].

The present study explored the main active ingredients and the underlying mechanism of Spatholobi Caulisin the treatment of ovarian cancer(OC) by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro cell experiments. The active ingredients and their predicted targets(AITs) were first acquired online with the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP). Theoretical disease targets(DTs) were obtained through professional databases including GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGkb, TTD, and DrugBank.

SPARC, a Novel Regulator of Vascular Cell Function in Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease, characterized by excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and right heart hypertrophy. PH can be caused by chronic hypoxia, leading to hyper-proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and apoptosis-resistant pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). On reexposure to normoxia, chronic hypoxia-induced PH in mice is reversible.

Near-Infrared Light-Controllable Multifunction Mesoporous Polydopamine Nanocomposites for Promoting Infected Wound Healing.

The successful treatment of infected wounds requires strategies with effective antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing-promoting properties. Accordingly, the use of Cu and tetracycline (TC), which can promote angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition, also antibacterial activity, at the wound site, has shown application prospects in promoting infected wound repair. However, realizing controllable release to prolong action time and avoid potential toxicities is critical.

Adenylate Kinase 4-A Key Regulator of Proliferation and Metabolic Shift in Human Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells via Akt and HIF-1α Signaling Pathways.

Increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in response to chronic hypoxia contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH shares numerous similarities with cancer, including a metabolic shift towards glycolysis. In lung cancer, adenylate kinase 4 (AK4) promotes metabolic reprogramming and metastasis.

Effects of serum from mismatched patients with solid organ transplantation on the activation of microvascular cultures isolated from adipose tissues.

Background: Aggregating the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I antigens on the endothelial membrane has been known to elicit an activation, an underlying mechanism of chronic rejection in organ transplant recipients. The current study aims at examining the endothelial responses using HLA typed microvascular cultures from human adipose tissues upon exposure to the serum that contain corresponding antibodies collected from mismatched transplant recipients.

Methods: We have successfully cultured 30 microvascular cultures and typed their HLAs.

Myeloid-cell-specific deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against smoke-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of COPD, associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Intriguingly, pulmonary vascular alterations have been suggested to drive emphysema development. Previously, we identified inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as an essential enzyme for development and reversal of smoke-induced PH and emphysema, and showed that iNOS expression in bone-marrow-derived cells drives pulmonary vascular remodelling, but not parenchymal destruction.

Effect of clinical isolate or cleavage site mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on protein stability, cleavage, and cell-cell fusion.

The trimeric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S) is the sole viral protein responsible for both viral binding to a host cell and the membrane fusion event needed for cell entry. In addition to facilitating fusion needed for viral entry, S can also drive cell-cell fusion, a pathogenic effect observed in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. While several studies have investigated S requirements involved in viral particle entry, examination of S stability and factors involved in S cell-cell fusion remain limited.