[Clinical features of intestinal polyps and risk factors for secondary intussusception in children: an analysis of 2 669 cases].

Objectives: To study the clinical features of intestinal polyps and the risk factors for secondary intussusception in children.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical data of 2 669 children with intestinal polyps. According to the presence or absence of secondary intussusception, they were divided into two groups: intussusception (=346) and non-intussusception (=2 323).

The role of intracerebral dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in sleep-wake cycles and general anesthesia.

Dopamine (DA), a monoamine neurotransmitter, is synthesized and released mainly by neurons in the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta of the midbrain. DA and its receptors are essential for the regulation of arousal, movement, cognition, reward, and other neurobiological behaviors. Arousal, locomotion, cognition, reward, and other neurobiological functions are all regulated by dopamine and its receptors.

Neurons in the Locus Coeruleus Modulate the Hedonic Effects of Sub-Anesthetic Dose of Propofol.

Propofol is a worldwide-used intravenous general anesthetic with ideal effects, but hedonic effects of propofol have been reported and cause addictive issue. There is little known about the neurobiological mechanism of hedonic effects of propofol. Increasing researches have shown that the dopaminergic nervous system of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the noradrenergic system of locus coeruleus (LC) play a crucial role in hedonic experiences, which are putative sites for mediating the hedonic effects of propofol.

Effect of basal forebrain somatostatin and parvalbumin neurons in propofol and isoflurane anesthesia.

Aims: The basal forebrain (BF) plays an essential role in wakefulness and cognition. Two subtypes of BF gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, including somatostatin-expressing (GABA ) and parvalbumin-positive (GABA ) neurons, function differently in mediating the natural sleep-wake cycle. Since the loss of consciousness induced by general anesthesia and the natural sleep-wake cycle probably share similar mechanisms, it is important to clarify the accurate roles of these neurons in general anesthesia procedure.

Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia.

Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) have long been considered to be the key neurons in the regulation of cortical and behavioral arousal, and cholinergic activation in the downstream region of the BF can arouse anesthetized rats. However, whether the activation of BF cholinergic neurons can induce behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) recovery from anesthesia is unclear. In this study, based on a transgenic mouse line expressing ChAT-IRES-Cre, we applied a fiber photometry system combined with GCaMPs expression in the BF and found that both isoflurane and propofol inhibit the activity of BF cholinergic neurons, which is closely related to the consciousness transition.

Identification of Serine 119 as an Effective Inhibitor Binding Site of M. tuberculosis Ubiquitin-like Protein Ligase PafA Using Purified Proteins and M. smegmatis.

Owing to the spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug resistance (XDR), there is a pressing need to identify potential targets for the development of more-effective anti-M. tuberculosis (Mtb) drugs. PafA, as the sole Prokaryotic Ubiquitin-like Protein ligase in the Pup-proteasome System (PPS) of Mtb, is an attractive drug target.

YcgC represents a new protein deacetylase family in prokaryotes.

Reversible lysine acetylation is one of the most important protein posttranslational modifications that plays essential roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, only a few lysine deacetylases (KDACs) have been identified in prokaryotes, perhaps in part due to their limited sequence homology. Herein, we developed a 'clip-chip' strategy to enable unbiased, activity-based discovery of novel KDACs in the Escherichia coli proteome.

Global identification of CobB interactors by an Escherichia coli proteome microarray.

Protein acetylation is one of the most abundant post-translational modifications and plays critical roles in many important biological processes. Based on the recent advances in mass spectrometry technology, in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, tremendous acetylated proteins and acetylation sites have been identified. However, only one protein deacetylase, i.

MACRO: a combined microchip-PCR and microarray system for high-throughput monitoring of genetically modified organisms.

The monitoring of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is a primary step of GMO regulation. However, there is presently a lack of effective and high-throughput methodologies for specifically and sensitively monitoring most of the commercialized GMOs. Herein, we developed a multiplex amplification on a chip with readout on an oligo microarray (MACRO) system specifically for convenient GMO monitoring.

Protein microarrays for studies of drug mechanisms and biomarker discovery in the era of systems biology.

Protein microarray technology is one of the most powerful tools presently available for proteomic studies. Numerous types of protein microarrays have been widely and successfully applied for both basic biological studies and clinical researches, including those designed to characterize protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, protein-drug/small molecule and antibody-antigen interactions. In the past decade, a variety of protein microarrays have been developed, including those spotted with whole proteomes, smaller peptides, antibodies, and lectins.