Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole in Peritoneal Fluid of Critically Ill Patients.

Data on the distribution of voriconazole (VRC) in the human peritoneal cavity are sparse. This prospective study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics of intravenous VRC in the peritoneal fluid of critically ill patients. A total of 19 patients were included.

Population pharmacokinetics and limited sampling strategies of polymyxin B in critically ill patients.

Objectives: To characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of polymyxin B in Chinese critically ill patients. The factors significantly affecting PK parameters are identified, and a limited sampling strategy for therapeutic drug monitoring of polymyxin B is explored.

Methods: Thirty patients (212 samples) were included in a population PK analysis.

Voriconazole pharmacokinetics in a critically ill patient during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of several drugs including antimicrobials might be highly altered during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. We present the change of voriconazole (VRC) PK during ECMO in a critically ill patient who received intravenous VRC at a maintenance dose of 200 mg every 12 h for empirical antifungal therapy. Two PK profiles were drawn before and after the initiation of ECMO therapy.

Population pharmacokinetic model-guided optimization of intravenous voriconazole dosing regimens in critically ill patients with liver dysfunction.

Study Objectives: This study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of intravenous voriconazole (VRC) in critically ill patients with liver dysfunction and to explore the optimal dosing strategies in specific clinical scenarios for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) caused by common Aspergillus and Candida species.

Design: Prospective pharmacokinetics study.

Setting: The intensive care unit in a tertiary-care medical center.

Clinical Impacts and Outcomes With Possible Donor-Derived Infection in Infected Donor Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in China.

Background: Information on possible donor-derived transmission events in China is limited. We evaluated the impacts of liver transplantation from infected deceased-donors, analyzed possible donor-derived bacterial or fungal infection events in recipients, and evaluated the etiologic agents' characteristics and cases outcomes.

Methods: A single-center observational study was performed from January 2015 to March 2017 to retrospectively collect data from deceased-donors diagnosed with infection.

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous voriconazole in patients with liver dysfunction: A prospective study in the intensive care unit.

Objectives: To characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous voriconazole (VRC) in critically ill patients with liver dysfunction.

Methods: Patients with liver dysfunction in the intensive care unit (ICU) were included prospectively. The Child-Pugh score was used to categorize the degree of liver dysfunction.

Pseudogene integrator complex subunit 6 pseudogene 1 (INTS6P1) as a novel plasma-based biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma screening.

In this study, we aimed to determine whether the pseudogene integrator complex subunit 6 pseudogene 1 (INTS6P1) in plasma could be used as a novel approach to screen for and detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We explored the clinical role of INTS6P1: First, the expression level of INTS6P1 was measured in a cohort of 33 HCC tissue samples and adjacent normal liver tissue, next, the INTS6P1 expression was detected in the culture medium and tumor cells in a cellular experiment, and last, the diagnostic performance of INTS6P1 was examined in an independent cohort of 100 people. The expression level of INTS6P1 was remarkably downregulated in the HCC tissues compared with that in the normal liver tissues (p = 0.

Pathological characteristics of liver allografts from donation after brain death followed by cardiac death in pigs.

Donation after brain death followed by circulatory death (DBCD) is a unique practice in China. The aim of this study was to define the pathologic characteristics of DBCD liver allografts in a porcine model. Fifteen male pigs (25-30 kg) were allocated randomly into donation after brain death (DBD), donation after circulatory death (DCD) and DBCD groups.

Prognostic factors for late mortality after liver transplantation for benign end-stage liver disease.

Background: There are increasing numbers of patients who survive more than one year after liver transplantation. Many studies have focused on the early mortality of these patients. However, the factors affecting long-term survival are not fully understood.

[Clinical analysis between "early" versus "late" liver retransplantation].

Objective: To compare early and late orthotopic liver retransplantation (re-OLT) for patients with poor graft function after primary transplantation at our center and sum up our clinical experience in re-OLT.

Methods: The clinical data of 36 re-OLTs from January 2004 to July 2009 were analyzed retrospectively, consisting of the first group with 17 cases of early re-OLT and the second group with 19 cases of late re-OLT. The average ages were (45 ± 13) years and (48 ± 10) years, and the time intervals were (49 ± 54) days and (514 ± 342) days in early re-OLT group and late re-OLT group, respectively.

A technique of recipient portal venoplasty and cuff insertion for portal revascularization in orthotopic rat liver transplantation.

Background: In addition to suprahepatic vena cava anastomosis in two-cuff rat liver transplantation, recipient portal vein revascularization is one of the most difficult procedures that must be performed, especially for beginners.

Materials And Methods: A total of 43 cases of liver transplantation were performed. Rats in Group 1 and Group 2 were subjected to transplant procedures that used the conventional and portal venoplasty techniques, respectively.

Clinical study on prevention of HBV re-infection by entecavir after liver transplantation.

Purpose: This aims to evaluate the effects of lamivudine (LAM) and entecavir (ETV) in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) re-infection after liver transplantation (LT).

Methods: A retrospective matched case-control method was used in this study. From June 2005 to May 2007, the patients who received LAM (100 mg qd) or ETV (0.

[Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic predictor after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma].

Objective: To analyze the negative impact of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the tumor recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Methods: The clinical data of HBV (hepatitis B virus)-associated HCC patients undergoing liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical and pathological risk factors for tumor-free survival were evaluated by univariate analysis.

[The relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence and hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence.

Methods: The clinical data of 340 patients underwent liver transplantation due to HBV related end-stage liver disease and received long-term follow up in our hospital from Jan 2004 to Dec 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received nucleoside analogues therapy formally before entering into the waiting list and nucleoside analogues combined low-dose HBIG therapy during and after transplantation.

High hepatitis B virus DNA level in serum before liver transplantation increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence.

Aim: To analyze the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients.

Methods: 340 HBV patients with OLT were included in the study; among them were 148 patients with HBV-associated HCC.

Results: HCC recurrence rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 21, 29, and 46%, respectively.

Three-dimensional structure of the hepatitis B core antigen particle truncated at residue 154.

The three-dimensional structure of recombinant hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) particles truncated at residue 154 (HBcAg-154) was determined to 7.8 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and computer reconstruction. The capsid of HBcAg-154 is mainly constituted by α-helical folds, highly similar to that of HBcAg-149.

[Risk factors predicting late mortality after liver transplantation for benign end-stage liver disease].

Objectives: To find out the risk factors predicting long-term survival, and to explore the measures for further improving the survival outcome of whom underwent liver transplantation (LT) for benign end-stage liver disease.

Methods: The common causes of late death after LT and risk factors were retrospectively analyzed in 221 consecutive patients, who underwent LT from October 2003 to June 2007 and survived more than one year. Twenty-six potential risk factors were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and those variables found to be univariately significant at P < 0.

Liver transplantation for end-stage alcoholic liver disease: a single-center experience from mainland China.

There has been a gradual increase in the number of patients with end-stage alcoholic liver disease (ALD) undergoing liver transplantation (LT) in mainland China. However, few studies have focused on the post-transplant outcomes of this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of LT in patients with ALD, mainly focusing on survival rates, complications, and alcohol recidivism.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the evaluation of hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation: potential role in changing the clinical algorithm.

Hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) is a common complication in liver transplant patients. Conventional angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Recently, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has begun providing real-time angiographic-like images of vessels and allowing the accurate diagnosis of arterial diseases such as hepatic artery thrombosis.

[Model for end-stage liver disease-sodium predicts prognosis in patients with chronic severe hepatitis B].

Objectives: To study the practical use of the serum sodium incorporated model for end-stage liver disease (MELD-Na) on clinic and to assess its validity by the concordance-statistic in predicting the prognosis of the patients with chronic severe hepatitis B.

Methods: Adult patients with a diagnosis of chronic severe hepatitis B between January 2007 and December 2007 in a single center were analyzed. The serum sodium, MELD, MELD-Na, and Delta MELD-Na (Delta MELD=MELD score at 14 days after medical treatment-MELD score at admission) scores of 426 patients with chronic severe hepatitis B were calculated.

[Risk factors predicting the prognosis of orthotopic liver transplantation in hepatopulmonary syndrome].

Objective: To observe the effect of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) on hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and investigate risk factors predicting the prognosis of OLT.

Methods: Twenty-six cases of HPS and 30 cases of non-HPS were analyzed treated from April 2004 to January 2006. Survival rates after OLT were compared and risk factors predicting the prognosis of OLT in HPS were researched by univariant and COX analysis.

[Effect of artificial liver support system on the survival rate of high risk patients after liver transplantation].

Objective: To observe the effect of artificial liver support system (ALSS) after liver transplantation on the survival rate of severe hepatitis patients.

Methods: Patients with severe hepatitis with model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score above 35 were divided into two groups according to whether pre-transplantation ALSS was instituted (n=23) or not (n=41). Evaluation was performed on the day when the patient entered into the waiting list and 1 day pre-transplantation.

Characteristics of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in Shanghai, China.

To better understand the characteristics of ambient abundance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Shanghai, one of the biggest metropolis of China, VOCs were measured with a gas chromatography system equipped with a mass-selective detector (GC/MSD) from July 2006 to February 2010. An intensive measurement campaign was conducted (eight samples per day with a 3 hour interval) during May 2009. The comparison of ambient VOCs collected in different regions of Shanghai shows that the concentrations are slightly higher in the busy commercial area (28.