Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone, empagliflozin and glimepiride as third-line agents in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors: A multicentre, phase 4 randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To assess the efficacy and safety of three triple-combination therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.

Materials And Methods: This multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 4 study included patients with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin (≥1000 mg) and a DPP-4 inhibitor. Participants were randomised to receive empagliflozin 10 mg/day (n = 61), pioglitazone 15 mg/day (n = 58) or glimepiride 2 mg/day (n = 57).

Trends in Prevalence of Obesity and Related Cardiometabolic and Renal Complications in Korea: A Nationwide Study 2007 to 2022.

Background: As obesity increases, the burden of obesity-related comorbidities also rises. However, the prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities among individuals in Korea has not been evaluated.

Methods: Data from the 2007 to 2022 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database were analyzed (n=93,761).

Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines: Impact on Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence in Diabetic Individuals.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine 1) the relationship between domain-specific physical activity (PA) and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as 2) the association between meeting PA and resistance exercise (RE) guideline and CKD prevalence in individuals with diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The study analyzed data from the 2019-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional study that included 22559 participants. From this group, 2381 adults with diabetes were selected.

Ketone Body Induction: Insights into Metabolic Disease Management.

Ketone bodies (KBs), particularly β-hydroxybutyrate, are crucial metabolites that provide clean and efficient energy, especially during periods of low glucose availability. Ketogenesis is a promising therapeutic avenue for conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on ketogenesis across different health conditions and therapeutic modalities, highlighting the potential to mitigate metabolic disorders and diabetes-related complications.

Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone in Asian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A FIDELITY Analysis.

Introduction: In FIDELITY, a prespecified pooled analysis of the phase III FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD trials, finerenone reduced the risk of cardiovascular (CV) and kidney events versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, on optimized renin-angiotensin system blockade. This FIDELITY post hoc subanalysis explores the efficacy and safety of finerenone in Asian patients.

Methods: For this subanalysis, efficacy outcomes included a CV composite (time to CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) and kidney composite (kidney failure, sustained ≥57% estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] decrease from baseline over ≥4 weeks or renal death) outcome.

Synergistic benefit of thiazolidinedione and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Background: The close interplay between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes supports the need to identify beneficial combination therapies of antidiabetic medications targeted for the treatment of MASLD. This study aimed to investigate the complementary effects of combination therapy with pioglitazone (PIO) and empagliflozin (EMPA) on MASLD in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In a randomized, open-label trial, 50 participants with type 2 diabetes and MASLD were assigned 1:1:1 to receive PIO 15 mg, EMPA 10 mg, or a combination (PIO 15 mg plus EMPA 10 mg) daily for 24 weeks.

Impact of physical activities in metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular disease.

Background And Aims: There are no comprehensive studies that investigated differential effects of physical activity (PA) types on metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and their associations with sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis using data from 66,021 participants from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007-2020. Aerobic PA (A-PA) was defined as ≥ moderate-intensity 150 min/week or high-intensity 75 min/week; Muscle strengthening PA (MS-PA) was defined as ≥ 2 days/week of muscle strength training.

Association between serum beta-hydroxybutyrate levels and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with impaired fasting glucose.

Objectives: Ketogenic conditions have gained attention due to their favorable metabolic prognoses. We aimed to investigate the association between blood levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), the most abundant form of ketone body, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).

Methods: We randomly selected 500 patients with IFG from the prospective Korean Cancer Prevention Study II biobank.

Potential Impact of Choline Alphoscerate on Depressive Symptoms in Association with Insulin Resistance in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether Gliatamin (choline alphoscerate), an acetylcholine precursor originally used to treat dementia, improves depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes. We conducted a 6-month double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial involving 49 participants with type 2 diabetes, older than 50 years, and with mild depressive symptoms; 33 and 16 participants received choline alphoscerate (800 mg/day) and a placebo, respectively. At 6 months, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was significantly decreased in both the choline alphoscerate (15.

Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Quadruple Combination Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Backgruound: Achieving optimal glucose control is essential in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral quadruple combination therapy for the treatment of T2D.

Methods: This meta-analysis reviewed original research on oral quadruple combination therapy for T2D, including both experimental and observational studies with a minimum duration of 12 weeks.

Causal effect of fasting serum glucose on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a multivariable Mendelian randomization.

Objectives: Observational studies have reported that diabetes is a risk factor that increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the causal relationship remains a matter of debate. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between fasting serum glucose (FSG) and ASCVD.

SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Risk of Dementia and Parkinson Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background And Objectives: Despite the mechanistic potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) to improve neurologic outcomes, the efficacy of SGLT2i in neurodegenerative disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes is not well established. This population-based cohort study aimed to investigate the association of SGLT2i use with risks of incident dementia and Parkinson disease (PD) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This was a retrospective examination of data from a cohort of 1,348,362 participants with type 2 diabetes (≥40 years), who started antidiabetic drugs from 2014 to 2019, evaluated using the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database.

Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Add-on in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled with Metformin and Dapagliflozin: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, and Placebo-controlled Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety profile of pioglitazone compared with placebo (PBO) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin and dapagliflozin.

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, PBO-controlled trial, 366 patients with T2D who did not meet glycemic targets (7.0% ≤ glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA] ≤ 10.

A 52-week efficacy and safety study of enavogliflozin versus dapagliflozin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: ENHANCE-M extension study.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of enavogliflozin 0.3 mg/day added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: After 24 weeks of a randomized, double-blind treatment period with enavogliflozin 0.

Intact ketogenesis predicted reduced risk of moderate-severe metabolic-associated fatty liver disease assessed by liver transient elastography in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Hepatic ketogenesis is a key metabolic pathway that regulates energy homeostasis. Some related controversies exist regarding the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). We aimed to investigate whether intact ketogenic capacity could reduce the risk of MAFLD based on transient electrography (TE) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Dysregulation of autophagy activation induced by atorvastatin contributes to new-onset diabetes mellitus in western diet-fed mice.

Background And Aims: The incidence of statin-induced new-onset diabetes (NOD) is increasing but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of various doses of atorvastatin (ATO)-induced autophagy on the development of NOD.

Methods And Results: The isolated rat islets and MIN6 cells-treated with ATO, exhibited impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reduced insulin content, and induced apoptosis.

Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Once-Daily Sitagliptin as Metformin Add-on in a Korean Population with Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are well-established type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatments. As variations among populations and culture might influence treatment effects, this post hoc analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of once-weekly (OW) semaglutide in a Korean population.

Methods: Korean adults with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin included in a 30-week, phase 3a, international, multicentre trial (NCT03061214) compared OW subcutaneous semaglutide (0.

Mortality in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: A new fatty liver disease nomenclature, steatotic liver disease (SLD) has been proposed; however, there are no data on clinical outcomes. We investigated the impact of SLD with metabolic dysfunction (MD; SLD-MD) on all-cause mortality.

Methods: We evaluated nationally representative participants aged ≥19 years using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2015 and their linked death data through 2019.