Immune system-associated genes in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) has been linked to the immune system, but the role of immune-related genes in AD remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between immune-related genes and AD risk systematically.MethodsWhole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 1516 AD patients and 2010 controls.

Surface electromyography as a novel screening tool for early cognitive impairment: Exploring motor-cognitive interactions.

BackgroundMotor changes precede the emergence of cognitive impairment (CI), and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of CI.ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the characteristics of surface electromyography (sEMG) in patients with CI and explore the ability of sEMG for CI detection.Methods639 participants were enrolled, including 284 patients with CI, and 355 controls.

Genetic risk and plasma biomarkers of dementia with Lewy bodies in a Chinese population.

Genetic investigations and associations with plasma biomarkers of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in East Asian populations are lacking. The aim of our study is to identify candidate pathogenic variants and assess the diagnostic performance of plasma biomarkers among DLB patients in the Chinese population. This cohort included 151 DLB patients and 2010 controls, all of whom underwent whole genome sequencing.

Thrips and plant viruses: a comprehensive virome analysis in tropical agriculture.

Introduction: Thrips are key vectors for plant viruses, representing a significant challenge to the cultivation of cucurbits and other vegetables in tropical agriculture. This study investigates the diversity of viromes carried by thrips and their ecological roles in viral epidemics affecting specific crops.

Methods: We identify thrips populations in tropical regions and perform a comprehensive virome analysis through high-throughput sequencing.

Evaluating the diagnostic performance of six plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in a large Chinese cohort.

Background: Ethnic variations and detection methods may lead to differences in diagnostic biomarkers of dementia, and few comparative studies have evaluated the six plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative dementias in the Chinese population.

Methods: A cross-sectional cohort of 668 participants were enrolled, including 245 amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or AD patients with Aβ positive pathology, 67 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 100 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 72 with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and 184 healthy controls. Additionally, a longitudinal subset of 19 aMCI and 30 AD patients was followed for an average period of 1 year.

Development and validation of machine learning models with blood-based digital biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: a multicohort diagnostic study.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves complex alterations in biological pathways, making comprehensive blood biomarkers crucial for accurate and earlier diagnosis. However, the cost-effectiveness and operational complexity of method using blood-based biomarkers significantly limit its availability in clinical practice.

Methods: We developed low-cost, convenient machine learning-based with digital biomarkers (MLDB) using plasma spectra data to detect AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from healthy controls (HCs) and discriminate AD from different types of neurodegenerative diseases.

Accurate Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Specific Breath Volatile Organic Compounds.

Whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled breath can be used as a novel biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is unclear. To determine the significantly distinctive VOCs for AD, a total of 970 participants were enrolled, including 60 individuals in data set 1 (AD, 30; controls, 30), 164 individuals in data set 2 (AD, 82; controls, 82), 637 individuals in data set 3 (AD, 31; controls, 606), and 109 individuals in data set 4 (frontotemporal dementia, 19; vascular dementia, 21; Parkinson's disease, 69). The participants in data sets 1, 2, and 4 were from Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.

LMTK2 and CRB1 are two novel risk genes for Alzheimer's disease in Han Chinese.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease with a substantial genetic background. However, its underlying genetic architecture remains to be elucidated.

Methods: In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing in 282 familial and/or early-onset AD patients and 1086 cognitively normal controls in the Han Chinse populations.

Disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease: Clinical trial progress and opportunity.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved lecanemab and donanemab for the treatment of early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) after their phase III trials reached endpoints.

Rapid detection of IDH mutations in gliomas by intraoperative mass spectrometry.

The development and performance of two mass spectrometry (MS) workflows for the intraoperative diagnosis of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in glioma is implemented by independent teams at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai. The infiltrative nature of gliomas makes rapid diagnosis necessary to guide the extent of surgical resection of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The combination of tissue biopsy and MS analysis used here satisfies this requirement.

Seasonal migration pattern of an important rice pest, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), on Hainan Island, China.

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) (BPH), is a major, regionally migratory pest of rice in Asia. Despite intensive migratory studies, the seasonal migratory pattern of this species in the year-round breeding region (i.e.

Specific serum autoantibodies predict the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease with high accuracy.

Autoimmunity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether autoantibodies in peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for AD has been elusive. Serum samples were obtained from 1,686 participants, including 767 with AD, 146 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 255 with other neurodegenerative diseases, and 518 healthy controls.

A detection model of cognitive impairment via the integrated gait and eye movement analysis from a large Chinese community cohort.

Introduction: Whether the integration of eye-tracking, gait, and corresponding dual-task analysis can distinguish cognitive impairment (CI) patients from controls remains unclear.

Methods: One thousand four hundred eighty-one participants, including 724 CI and 757 controls, were enrolled in this study. Eye movement and gait, combined with dual-task patterns, were measured.

The prevalence and risk factors study of cognitive impairment: Analysis of the elderly population of Han nationality in Hunan province, China.

Objective: A large number of studies have found that the prevalence of cognitive impairment varies in different regions. However, data on cognitive impairment in the Chinese population is still lacking. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in a region of China and explore the associated risk factors.

Clinical features of progressive supranuclear palsy.

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a clinically heterogenous atypical parkinsonian syndrome. Therefore, early recognition and correct diagnosis of PSP is challenging but essential. This study aims to characterize the clinical manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and longitudinal MRI changes of PSP in China.

Simulation Methods for MEMS S&A Devices for 2D Fuze Overload Loading.

An experimental testing system for the two-dimensional (2D) fuze overload loading process was designed to address the loading issues of recoil overload and centrifugal overload in fuze safety and arming (S&A) device. By incorporating centrifuge rotation energy storage, impact acceleration simulation, and equivalent centrifugal rotation simulation, a block equipped with a fuze S&A device accelerated instantly upon having impact from a centrifuge-driven impact hammer, simulating recoil overload loading. The impact hammer was retracted instantaneously by adopting an electromagnetic brake, which resulted in the centrifugal rotation of the block around its track, to simulate the centrifugal overload loading.

Toxicity assessment of a novel biopesticide guvermectin and identification of its transformation products in soils.

Guvermectin is a novel biopesticide often used as seed soaking to promote the rice yield. However, its biotoxicity and degradation behavior in soils were still not disclosed, which posed a knowledge gap to guide its rational application. Therefore, the degradation behaviors of guvermectin in four typical soils under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were investigated in the laboratory.