Beyond drive cycles: mapping the intricacies of electric vehicle battery health in diverse environments and driving conditions.

As electric two-wheelers become increasingly prevalent in emerging markets, understanding the real-world degradation of their batteries is crucial for ensuring reliability, longevity, and cost-effectiveness. Traditional battery aging studies are heavily based on standard drive cycles that do not capture the variability introduced by diverse user behaviors, regional conditions, and charging habits. This study proposes a comprehensive and adaptable framework for evaluating the end-of-life (EOL) of EV batteries in realistic usage scenarios.

Vitiligo-associated jejunal xanthomatosis leading to small bowel obstruction.

Introduction: Xanthomatosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid-laden-foamy macrophages, leading to plaque or nodule formation. The most common causes of intestinal obstruction are postoperative adhesion, hernia, and tumors. While cases of jejunal xanthomatosis leading to small bowel obstruction have been rarely documented in the literature, no prior reports have described its occurrence in association with vitiligo.

Outcomes of abdominal wall reconstruction in complex ventral hernia patients: a single institution based prospective study.

Introduction: Complex ventral hernias, especially in patients with prior surgeries, large defects, or comorbidities, are associated with high rates of recurrence and complications such as infection, pain, and loss of abdominal domain. This study aims to contribute to developing standardised management strategies.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences over two years, involving 38 patients undergoing abdominal wall reconstruction for complex ventral hernias.

A review of herbal therapeutics for the prevention and management of poxvirus infections.

Poxvirus continues to pose public health concerns due to sporadic outbreaks, zoonotic transmission, and limited treatment options. The accessibility of vaccines and antivirals does not resolve the problems of drug resistance, adverse effects, and limited accessibility, which underscores the necessity to find different therapeutic approaches. This review aims to explore the potential of herbal therapy as an effective and accessible treatment for human poxvirus infections.

Minimally invasive surgery for acute groin hernias: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: An open approach is widely used for the surgical treatment of acute groin hernia, however, in recent decades multiple studies have explored the safety and benefits of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for acute groin hernia.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on the electronic databases and meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4.

Endo-loop or interrupted suture closure of gallbladder remnant during laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy- a retrospective analysis of our experience at a high-volume centre of Eastern Nepal.

Introduction: Subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LSC) is a rescue procedure in difficult case, retaining all advantages of minimally invasive surgery. The most reputed definition of subtotal cholecystectomy is the removal of 3/4th of gallbladder with closure of the infundibulum. The closure of the infundibulum can be with either intracorporeal interrupted suture or pre-knotted endo-loop.

Catering the Need of Drug Manufacturing Standard in India: An Update to Indian Pharmacopoeia.

India is currently among the top 10 pharmaceutical markets by value and is the third largest by volume in 2024; it manufactures more than 65,000 generic drugs across 60 therapeutic segments. Holding a 20% market share of generics, the industry is a key supplier to Africa and the USA and other markets. Following the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940, for the manufacture of drugs in India, there is always legal supervision on the quality of the products being manufactured in the country.

A comparative study on effects of defect closure versus non-closure in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair of direct inguinal hernia.

Introduction: Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair are the principal techniques in laparoscopic hernia repair. Seroma formation and pain are frequent complications of moderate-large size laparoscopic direct inguinal hernia mesh repair. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of defect closure in moderate-large direct inguinal hernias and its effect on various outcomes.

Global treatment of haemorrhoids-A worldwide snapshot audit conducted by the International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons.

Aim: There is no universally accepted treatment consensus for haemorrhoids, and thus, management has been individualized all over the world. This study was conducted to assess a global view of how surgeons manage haemorrhoids.

Methods: The research panel of the International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ISUCRS) developed a voluntary, anonymous questionnaire evaluating surgeons' experience, volume and treatment approaches to haemorrhoids.

Loco-regional recurrence of adrenocortical carcinoma: A case report.

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive endocrine malignancy with a high recurrence rate. Approximately half of the patients are asymptomatic, while others experience symptoms due to the tumor's size or hormone secretion. Ro resection if possible is the best option for treatment of primary as well as locoregional recurrent ACC.

Protocol for conducting advanced cyclic tests in lithium-ion batteries to estimate capacity fade.

Using advanced cyclic testing techniques improves accuracy in estimating capacity fade and incorporates real-world scenarios in battery cycle aging assessment. Here, we present a protocol for conducting cyclic tests in lithium-ion batteries to estimate capacity fade. We describe steps for implementing strategies for accounting for variations in rest periods, charge-discharge rates, and temperatures.

Uropathogens and their antimicrobial-resistant pattern among suspected urinary tract infections patients in eastern Nepal: A hospital inpatients-based study.

Background: Urinary tract infections are the primary factors that cause mortality and morbidity in patients with underlying comorbid conditions and are responsible for most hospital admissions worldwide.

Objectives: The study aims to identify the common bacterial uropathogens and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, including multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant bacteria.

Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among inpatients provisionally suspected of urinary tract infections in the medical ward of Koshi Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.

Unraveling capacity fading in lithium-ion batteries using advanced cyclic tests: A real-world approach.

Battery lifespan estimation is essential for effective battery management systems, aiding users and manufacturers in strategic planning. However, accurately estimating battery capacity is complex, owing to diverse capacity fading phenomena tied to factors such as temperature, charge-discharge rate, and rest period duration. In this work, we present an innovative approach that integrates real-world driving behaviors into cyclic testing.

Reporting of Medical Errors in Autopsied Cases.

This report describes the cases autopsied at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences- Nepal, during the period of two years in which the treatment provided falls below the accepted standard practice causing the death of the patient.