MicroRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Unveiling Diagnostic and Treatment Pathways.

Introduction: Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) is a complex clinical condition characterized by inadequate response to conventional antidepressant treatments. There is growing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in the underlying pathophysiology of TRD and may offer new avenues for diagnostics and therapy.

Methods: A structured literature review of peer-reviewed publications indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted.

Repurposing Diabetes Therapies in CKD: Mechanistic Insights, Clinical Outcomes and Safety of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RAs.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major global health issue, with diabetes being its primary cause and cardiovascular disease contributing significantly to patient mortality. Recently, two classes of medications-sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)-have shown promise in protecting both kidney and heart health beyond their effects on blood sugar control. We conducted a narrative review summarizing the findings of different clinical trials and mechanistic studies evaluating the effect of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RAs on kidney function, cardiovascular outcomes, and overall disease progression in patients with CKD and DKD.

The Cathepsin Family in Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.

The cathepsin family of proteolytic enzymes is involved in the maintenance of major physiological processes, including protein degradation, immune modulation, tissue remodeling, and apoptosis. Members of the cathepsin family include cysteine, serine, and aspartic proteases, which are implicated in diverse cellular functions. Evidence for tissue-specific expression emphasizes the specialized functions of these enzymes in many organs.

Design, structure, and application of conductive polymer hybrid materials: a comprehensive review of classification, fabrication, and multifunctionality.

Conductive polymer (CP) hybrids combine the electronic properties of polymers with the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and catalytic features of secondary materials. This review presents four major structural categories: core-shell assemblies, interpenetrating networks, layered composites, and dispersed nanocomposites. Each class is linked to fabrication routes such as polymerization, electrochemical deposition, solution blending, and sol-gel techniques.

Advances in multimodal imaging techniques in nanomedicine: enhancing drug delivery precision.

Nanosystems that deliver drugs have revolutionized modern therapy the accurate targeting and controlled release of drugs. The importance of real-time monitoring of these systems lies in the evaluation of their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, as well as preventative treatment efficacy. Imaging methods thus gave birth to real-time monitoring, allowing visualization of nanoparticles (NPs) inside biological systems.

The XEC Variant: Genomic Evolution, Immune Evasion, and Public Health Implications.

Narrative review synthesizes the most current literature on the SARS-CoV-2 XEC variant, focusing on its genomic evolution, immune evasion characteristics, epidemiological dynamics, and public health implications. To achieve this, we conducted a structured search of the literature of peer-reviewed articles, preprints, and official surveillance data from 2023 to early 2025, prioritizing virological, clinical, and immunological reports related to XEC and its parent lineages. Defined by the distinctive spike protein mutations, T22N and Q493E, XEC exhibits modest reductions in neutralization in vitro, although current evidence suggests that mRNA booster vaccines, including those targeting JN.

Neuroprotective and Antidepressant Effects of Isorhamnetin: Mechanistic Evaluations in a Reserpine-Induced Mouse Model of Pain and Depression.

Depression and pain are frequently comorbid and interact to produce a more difficult clinical picture and decreased response to therapy. Isorhamnetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been suggested to exert an impact on oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitter pathways related to both disorders. The objective of this work was to investigate the neuroprotective, antidepressant, and antinociceptive effects of isorhamnetin in reserpine-treated mice, which represent a model of pain-depression dyad.

Cancer Vaccines: Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions in Precision Medicine.

Cancer poses a major health burden worldwide, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Personalized cancer vaccines represent a promising form of immunotherapy that enhances the ability of the immune system to recognize and destroy tumor cells through tumor-associated and cancer-specific antigens. This review categorizes cancer vaccines into preventive, therapeutic, and personalized vaccines, discussing their mechanisms, clinical applications, and current FDA-approved examples, such as Sip-uleucel-T and HPV vaccines.

Nanocarriers in Atopic Dermatitis Therapy: A Comprehensive Exploration.

In this comprehensive exploration of advanced nanocarriers for atopic dermatitis (AD) therapy, we explored a spectrum of innovative delivery systems, each with unique attributes poised to revolutionize topical drug administration. Lipid nanoparticles, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), have emerged as stalwarts offering controlled drug release and enhanced skin penetration. Vesicular systems such as liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, and niosomes are versatile in their ability to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic agents and overcome barriers to drug permeation.

Scopoletin Attenuates Reserpine-Induced Pain-Depression Dyad in Mice via Modulation of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Monoaminergic Pathways.

Pain and depression frequently are comorbid and have common mechanisms such as monoamine depletion, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of bioactive coumarin on reserpine induced pain-depression dyad in mice. Mechanical allodynia, depressive-like behavior, and cognitive deficits were induced by reserpine (0.

Inflammation-driven Oncogenesis: Precision Medicine and Immunotherapeutic Strategies.

Cancer remains a significant global health burden, placing immense pressure on healthcare systems and putting huge pressure on the healthcare system. There are multiple driving forces, and increasing attention has been gained over the past two decades regarding chronic inflammation, which represents a pivotal factor owing to its ability to establish or maintain an environment that is permissive for tumor initiation, growth, and progression. This review details the interplay between inflammation and cancer by highlighting how chronic inflammation fuels oncogenesis by promoting genetic instability, immune evasion, and a setting rich in pro-tumorigenic signaling.

Therapeutic efficacy of scopoletin on oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Background: Cardiac dysfunction associated with diabetes often arises as a serious condition, primarily driven by persistent oxidative imbalance and chronic inflammation. There are few treatments for such complication and therefore, there is considerable interest in natural compounds such as scopoletin has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigates how scopoletin may influence disease progression in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by streptozotocin (STZ).

Metabolic resilience: liraglutide's potential in alleviating depressive symptoms.

Research in psychiatry requires substantial resources and interdisciplinary collaboration. The investigation of liraglutide's potential to reduce depressive symptoms is a pioneering and novel approach. that ventures into underexplored mechanisms bridging metabolic and psychiatric domains.

Activation of the Nrf2 pathway by a novel bipyrazole compound mitigates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar albino rats.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) clinical utility is limited by its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of 2',3,3,5'-Tetramethyl-4'-nitro-2'H-1,3'-bipyrazole (TMNB) in a rat model of DOX-induced cardiac injury.

Methods: Rats were divided into control, DOX, TMNB, and TMNB + DOX groups.

Correction: Bakshi et al. Dietary Crocin is Protective in Pancreatic Cancer while Reducing Radiation-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Damage. 2020, , 1901.

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Development and Evaluation of Azithromycin-Loaded Transethosomes for Enhanced Dermal Delivery and Antibacterial Efficacy.

: The topical delivery of antibiotics through transethosomes shows promise for enhancing its dermal delivery for the treatment of skin infections. This study aimed to develop and characterize azithromycin-loaded transethosomes to enhance topical drug delivery and improve the antibacterial activity of azithromycin. : The prepared azithromycin formulations underwent assessment for various characteristics, including their vesicle dimensions, size distribution, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological features (via TEM analysis).

Analysis of the immune response in COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic, instigated by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a significant global health challenge, demanding a profound grasp of the immune response. The innate immune system, a multifaceted network encompassing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and effector cells, assumes a pivotal function in detecting and countering this viral assailant. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), situated on immune cell surfaces and within endosomes, play a central role in recognizing SARS-CoV-2.

COVID-19: Perspectives on innate immune evasion.

The ongoing global health challenges posed by the SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitate a deep understanding of its intricate strategies to evade the innate immune system. This chapter aims to provide insights into the sophisticated mechanisms employed by SARS-CoV-2 in its interaction with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), with particular emphasis on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). By skillfully circumventing these pivotal components, the virus manages to elude detection and impairs the initiation of crucial antiviral immune responses.

Guardians at the gate: Unraveling Type I interferon's role and challenges posed by anti-interferon antibodies in COVID-19.

The intricate interplay involving Type I interferon (IFN), anti-interferon antibodies, and COVID-19 elucidates a complex symphony within the immune system. This chapter thoroughly explores the dynamic landscape of Type I IFN, delineating its pivotal role as the guardian of the immune response. As SARS-CoV-2 engages the host, the delicate balance of IFN induction and signaling pathways is disrupted, resulting in a nuanced impact on the severity and pathogenesis of COVID-19.

Phytochemicals in Cancer Therapy: A Structured Review of Mechanisms, Challenges, and Progress in Personalized Treatment.

Cancer is a major global health concern. Therefore, new treatment options are needed. The phytochemicals have different chemical structures.

Decoding oncogenic secrets of regulator of chromosome condensation 1: A breakthrough mechanistic evidence from breast and lung cancer models.

The Regulator of Chromosome Condensation 1 (RCC1), a master regulator of cell cycle progression, chromatin structure, and nuclear transport, emerges as a powerful driver of cancer progression. Elevated RCC1 expression in breast and lung cancers is closely tied to enhanced tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis, positioning it as a promising therapeutic target. This study unveils RCC1's pivotal role in cancer biology by silencing its expression in MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) and A549 (lung cancer) cell lines using shRNA.

Revolutionizing Drug Delivery: The Impact of Advanced Materials Science and Technology on Precision Medicine.

Recent progress in material science has led to the development of new drug delivery systems that go beyond the conventional approaches and offer greater accuracy and convenience in the application of therapeutic agents. This review discusses the evolutionary role of nanocarriers, hydrogels, and bioresponsive polymers that offer enhanced drug release, target accuracy, and bioavailability. Oncology, chronic disease management, and vaccine delivery are some of the applications explored in this paper to show how these materials improve the therapeutic results, counteract multidrug resistance, and allow for sustained and localized treatments.

Impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the cellular processes of stem cells derived from dental tissue sources.

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (HANPs) utilization has recently been notable in bone tissue engineering. This surge owes itself to the biocompatibility of HANPs and their striking resemblance to the minerals found in natural bone. Furthermore, dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) have garnered attention due to their remarkable differentiation potential into multilineages, thus positioning them as a pivotal cell reservoir for regenerative medicine.

Breaking barriers in cancer diagnosis: unveiling the 4Ms of biosensors.

Cancer, an insidious affliction, continues to exact a heavy toll on humanity, necessitating early detection and nuanced comprehension of its intricacies for effective treatment. Recent strides in micro and nanoscale electronic chip fabrication have revolutionized biosensor technology, offering promising avenues for biomedical and telemedicine applications. Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS)-based integrated circuits (ICs) represent a paradigm shift in detecting chemical and biomolecular interactions pertinent to cancer diagnosis, supplanting conventional methodologies.