Understanding EFL learners' flow: The development and validation of English Learning Flow Scale.

With the positive turn in second language acquisition, learners' flow in English learning has gradually attracted attention. However, there are limited tools that are specifically developed to measure learners' flow in English learning. The item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted with a sample of 403 students to assess the proposed structure.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes enhance follicular regeneration in androgenetic alopecia via activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Background: Exosomes isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have demonstrated the capacity to alleviate dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced disruptions in the hair follicle growth cycle. However, the precise role and underlying mechanisms by which hUCMSC-derived exosomes influence hair shaft regeneration in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) remains unclear.

Methods: hUCMSCs were isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting following enzymatic digestion with TrypLE™ Express.

Liquid-liquid phase separation of RBM33 facilitates hippocampus aging by inducing microglial senescence by activating CDKN1A.

Microglia play an important role in hippocampus-dependent memory and cognitive function. Microglial aging contributes to hippocampal aging and influences neurodegenerative diseases, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RBM33 was highly expressed in the hippocampus of naturally aged mice and senescent microglia.

H3K18 lactylation of senescent microglia potentiates brain aging and Alzheimer's disease through the NFκB signaling pathway.

Cellular senescence serves as a fundamental and underlying activity that drives the aging process, and it is intricately associated with numerous age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative aging-related disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. Although increasing evidence suggests that senescent microglia play a role in the pathogenesis of AD, their exact role remains unclear. In this study, we quantified the levels of lactic acid in senescent microglia, and hippocampus tissues of naturally aged mice and AD mice models (FAD and APP/PS1).

The Effects of Acarbose on Non-Diabetic Overweight and Obese Patients: A Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: This systematic review aims to verify the efficacy of acarbose monotherapy in treating obese or overweight patients without diabetes.

Methods: In the study, we conducted a systematic search of the Pub-Med, EMBASE, Cochrane and Science Citation Index Expanded databases in search of clinical trials on acarbose treatment, overweight and obesity. The crucial inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients were diagnosed as overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m); (2) randomized controlled trials (RCTs); (3) patients had undergone acarbose monotherapy or placebo control; (4) acarbose treatment had been carried out for at least 3 months.

Socio-economic disparity in the global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss: an analysis for 2017 and the trend since 1990.

Objectives: To evaluate socio-economic disparity in the global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).

Methods: The numbers of DALYs due to ONIHL, age-standardised DALY rates and national human development index (HDI) data from 1990 to 2017 were collected. The relationship between the age-standardised DALY rates and the 2017 HDI was analysed.

The Oncogene PIM1 Contributes to Cellular Senescence by Phosphorylating Staphylococcal Nuclease Domain-Containing Protein 1 (SND1).

BACKGROUND The oncogene PIM1, encoding a constitutively active serine/threonine protein kinase, is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. There is a growing body of literature on the role of PIM1-mediated cellular senescence, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Silver staining and LC-MS/MS analysis were performed to investigate the protein interacting with PIM1.

Association between sunlight exposure and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis.

Background: A substantial number of epidemiological studies have investigated the possible associations between sunlight exposure and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), but the results from studies are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between sunlight exposure and the risk of AMD.

Methods: Relevant studies were searched using databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science database.

[The Effect of TALENs-mediated Downregulation Expression of Nanog on Malignant Behavior of Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells].

Objective: To study the effect of downregulation expression of Nanog on malignant behavior of cervical cancer HeLa cells.

Methods: Gene editing tool TALENs was employed to induce downregulation expression of Nanog, and Nanog mutation was evaluated by sequencing. RT-PCR and Western blot was used to detect the mRNA and protein expression level, respectively.

Characterisation of a novel Type I crustin involved in antibacterial and antifungal responses in the red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus.

Antimicrobial peptides are important immune effectors involved in mediating innate immune responses against intruding pathogens. Here, we successfully isolated and characterized a novel Type I crustin from the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. The full-length cDNA encoded by this gene, designated CqCrs, comprised 608 bp, containing a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 55 bp, a 3'-UTR of 229 bp with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 324 bp encoding a polypeptide of 107 amino acids.

Antimicrobial activity of a novel hypervariable immunoglobulin domain-containing receptor Dscam in Cherax quadricarinatus.

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) mediates innate immunity against pathogens in arthropods. Here, a novel Dscam from red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (CqDscam) was isolated. The CqDscam protein contains one signal peptide, ten immunoglobulin domains, six fibronectin type III domains, one transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail.

Caspase-mediated apoptosis in crustaceans: cloning and functional characterization of EsCaspase-3-like protein from Eriocheir.

The caspase-3-like gene was cloned from Eriocheir sinensis, and its properties were characterized to identify the biological implications of this caspase in apoptosis in crab. Its deduced full-length protein sequence consists of 462 amino acid residues, including the prodomain and the large and small subunits. Moreover, several residues known to be critical in the caspase-3 catalytic center and binding pocket, as well as the active site pentapeptide motif Q(220)ACRG(224), were identically present in the deduced EsCaspase-3-like protein.

Effects of temperature and heat waves on emergency department visits and emergency ambulance dispatches in Pudong New Area, China: a time series analysis.

Background: In July 2013, an extended heat episode with extreme high temperature covered Pudong New Area, the largest district in Shanghai. The current study estimates the impacts of temperature and heat waves on emergency department visits (EDV) and emergency ambulance dispatches (EAD) using time-series approaches in Pudong, from 2011 to 2013.

Methods: An over-dispersed Poisson generalized additive model was used to examine the association between temperature and EDV and EAD.

Heat wave impact on mortality in Pudong New Area, China in 2013.

Background: In 2013 southeast China suffered from an unusual high temperature, which had broken the heat records in the past 141 years. Few studies have examined the impact of heat waves on mortality in Asia.

Objective: To estimate the impact of the heat wave in 2013 on mortality among the registered permanent residence population and identify susceptible subpopulations in Pudong New Area.

Cloning a glutathione peroxidase gene from Nelumbo nucifera and enhanced salt tolerance by overexpressing in rice.

A full-length cDNA clone encoding an 866 bp-length glutathione peroxidase protein (NnGPX) was isolated from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera L.). The deduced amino acid sequence of the NnGPX gene had significant homology with ATGPX6.

Identification and characterization of Tube in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.

As a key component of the Toll signaling pathway, Tube plays central roles in many biological activities, such as survival, development and innate immunity. Tube has been found in shrimps, but has not yet been reported in the crustacean, Eriocheir sinensis. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of the adaptor Tube for the first time from E.

Association of a hepatopancreas-specific C-type lectin with the antibacterial response of Eriocheir sinensis.

Pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) are part of the initial step of a host defense against pathogens in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, determinants of the specificity of this recognition by innate immune molecules of invertebrates remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of an invertebrate PRR C-type lectin in the antimicrobial response of the crustacean Eriocheir sinensis.

A novel C-type lectin from Eriocheir sinensis functions as a pattern recognition receptor with antibacterial activity.

As pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), C-type lectins (CTLs) play significant roles in recognizing and eliminating pathogens in innate immunity. In this study, a novel CTL (EsLecD) was identified from the crustacean Eriocheir sinensis. The cloning of full-length EsLecD cDNA was based on the initial expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated from a hepatopancreatic cDNA library.

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a dorsal homologue from Eriocheir sinensis.

Dorsal as a crucial component of Toll signaling pathway, played important roles in induction and regulation of innate immune responses. In this study, we cloned a NF-κB-like transcription factor Dorsal from Eriocheir sinensis and designated it as EsDorsal. The full-length cDNA of EsDorsal was 2493 bp with a 2022-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 673-amino acid protein.

A double WAP domain-containing protein Es-DWD1 from Eriocheir sinensis exhibits antimicrobial and proteinase inhibitory activities.

Whey acidic proteins (WAP) belong to a large gene family of antibacterial peptides, which are critical in the host immune response against microbial invasion. The common feature of these proteins is a single WAP domain maintained by at least one four-disulfide core (4-DSC) structure rich in cysteine residues. In this study, a double WAP domain (DWD)-containing protein, Es-DWD1, was first cloned from the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheirsinensis).

Two novel Toll genes (EsToll1 and EsToll2) from Eriocheir sinensis are differentially induced by lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and zymosan.

Tolls/Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in initiating innate immune responses against pathogens and are found throughout the insect kingdom but have not yet been reported in the crustacean, Eriocheir sinensis. For this purpose, we cloned two novel Toll genes from E. sinensis, EsToll1 and EsToll2.

Two antibacterial C-type lectins from crustacean, Eriocheir sinensis, stimulated cellular encapsulation in vitro.

The first step of host fighting against pathogens is that pattern recognition receptors recognized pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, the specificity of recognition within the innate immune molecular of invertebrates remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated how invertebrate pattern recognition receptor (PRR) C-type lectins might be involved in the antimicrobial response in crustacean.

Immunoglobulin superfamily protein Dscam exhibited molecular diversity by alternative splicing in hemocytes of crustacean, Eriocheir sinensis.

Be absent of adaptive immunity which have both specificity and memory, invertebrates seem to have evolved alternative adaptive immune strategies to resist various intruding pathogens. Whereas vertebrates could generate a wide range of immunological receptors with somatic rearrangement, invertebrates possibly depend on alternative splicing of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Recently, it has been suggested that a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam), plays a crucial role in the alternative adaptive immune system of invertebrates.

Two novel short C-type lectin from Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, are induced in response to LPS challenged.

The basic mechanism of host fighting against pathogens is pattern recognition receptors recognized pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, the specificity of recognition within the innate immune molecular of invertebrates remains largely unknown. For this reason, we investigated the immune functionality of two pattern recognition receptors, C-type lectin EsLecA and EsLecG, post lipopolysaccharides (LPS) challenge in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), which is a commercially important and disease vulnerable aquaculture species.