The role of Atogepant in migraine prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Atogepant is a CGRP receptor antagonist used in prevention of migraine. This study assesses the safety and efficacy of this drug in management of migraine headaches.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched until March 24, 2025.

The current landscape of single-port robotic surgery in urology.

The advent of the purpose-built da Vinci single-port robotic platform marks a pivotal advancement in minimally invasive urological surgery. Designed to overcome the ergonomic and technical limitations of prior single-site approaches, the single-port system enables complex procedures through a single incision, with enhanced dexterity, optimized use of confined spaces and improved cosmetic and peri-operative outcomes. The single-port system has been increasingly used across a wide range of urological indications, including robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, partial nephrectomy, nephroureterectomy and reconstructive surgeries such as pyeloplasty and ureteral re-implantation.

Diagnostic advancements in early detection of diabetic neuropathy: comparative analysis of medial and lateral plantar nerve degeneration.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a widespread complication of diabetes, affecting nearly 50% of individuals with the condition. It commonly begins with the gradual loss of sensation in the lower extremities, particularly in the feet. If left undetected and untreated, this loss of sensation can lead to serious consequences, such as foot ulcers and eventual amputations.

International Expert Consensus on Development of a State of the Art Male Perineal Anatomy Simulation Model for Urethroplasty and Artificial Urinary Sphincter Insertion.

Objective: To create a high-fidelity, non-biohazardous, simulation model to train for urethroplasty or placement of artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) in the bulbar urethra. Narrow, deep and dark: the male perineum is a technically difficult area for learners to gain surgical skills and confidence.

Methods: Nineteen high volume reconstructive urologists were recruited to complete a Delphi process to reach an expert consensus on parameters and design specifications for simulation.

Shape Manipulation of Bevel-Tip Needles for Prostate Biopsy Procedures: A Comparison of Two Resolved-Rate Controllers.

Prostate cancer diagnosis continues to encounter challenges, often due to imprecise needle placement in standard biopsies. Several control strategies have been developed to compensate for needle tip prediction inaccuracies, however none were compared against each other, and it is unclear whether any of them can be safely and universally applied in clinical settings. This paper compares the performance of two resolved-rate controllers, derived from a mechanics-based and a data-driven approach, for bevel-tip needle control using needle shape manipulation through a template.

An Unusual Case of Bilateral Tibial Tubercle Avulsion With Complete Avulsion of the Unilateral Patellar Tendon.

This is a case report of a 15-year-old male patient who presented with bilateral tibial tubercle avulsions and a unilateral complete patellar tendon stripping following a fall on both knees while playing football. The left knee was treated conservatively, while the right underwent open reduction internal fixation and patella tendon repair. The case was followed for one year postoperatively.

Comparison of Remote Mixed Reality Versus In-person Training of Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy With Urological Residents.

Objective: To compare remotely to in-person training during image-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), we used mixed reality (MR), smart glasses, and a validated hydrogel simulation model to test surgical education uptake with urological residents.

Methods: Twelve urology residents were randomized into 2 learning groups (MR-first or in-person-first) and completed a pre-test, MR or IP-guided training sessions, mid test, cross-over into MP or IP-guided training, post-test, and a retention test 2 months post-training to evaluate upper and lower pole access and balloon dilatation. MR sessions utilized Vuzix smart glasses and HelpLightning MR software to allow the instructor to remotely instruct the student and share their first-person perspective.

Implementation of surgical rehearsal utilizing patient specific hydrogel kidney phantoms prior to complex renal cancer surgery: a pilot study.

Introduction: With the advancement of surgical technology, the opportunity to integrate novel surgical preparation is imperative to improve patient outcomes and enhance safety.

Methods: Patient specific perfused kidney phantoms including the tumor, parenchyma, artery, vein, and calyx were fabricated using 3D-printing and hydrogel injection molding from scans of 25 patients scheduled for robotic partial-nephrectomy (RAPN). Models are validated for anatomical accuracy, mechanical, functional properties and surrounded by the other models of relevant anatomy in a body cast for a simulated surgical rehearsal.

IMRA/SRS Delphi consensus on international standards for common core components of robotic surgical training design.

Robotic surgery has expanded internationally at pace. There are multiple local robotic training pathways but there is inconsistency in standardisation of core common components for curricula internationally. A framework is required to define key objectives that can be implemented across robotic training ecosystems.

Turning up the HEAT Surgical simulation of the Moses 2.0 laser in an anatomic model.

Introduction: With advancements in laser technology, urologists have been able to treat urinary calculi more efficiently by increasing the energy delivered to the stone. With increases in power used, there is an increase in temperatures generated during laser lithotripsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal dose and temperatures generated with four laser settings at a standardized power in a high-fidelity, anatomic model.

Capturing relationships between suturing sub-skills to improve automatic suturing assessment.

Suturing skill scores have demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for patient functional recovery. The suturing can be broken down into several substep components, including needle repositioning, needle entry angle, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been explored to automate suturing skill scoring.

4-Aminopyridine treatment for nerve injury resulting from radical retro-pubic prostatectomy: a single-center double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy in men and leads to the second most common cause of cancer related mortality in men. Early detection of PCa allows for a potentially curative intervention. Most men will live over a decade from the time of their PCa diagnosis.

Cognitive load in tele-robotic surgery: a comparison of eye tracker designs.

Purpose: Eye gaze tracking and pupillometry are evolving areas within the field of tele-robotic surgery, particularly in the context of estimating cognitive load (CL). However, this is a recent field, and current solutions for gaze and pupil tracking in robotic surgery require assessment. Considering the necessity of stable pupillometry signals for reliable cognitive load estimation, we compare the accuracy of three eye trackers, including head and console-mounted designs.

Cognitive effort detection for tele-robotic surgery via personalized pupil response modeling.

Purpose: Gaze tracking and pupillometry are established proxies for cognitive load, giving insights into a user's mental effort. In tele-robotic surgery, knowing a user's cognitive load can inspire novel human-machine interaction designs, fostering contextual surgical assistance systems and personalized training programs. While pupillometry-based methods for estimating cognitive effort have been proposed, their application in surgery is limited by the pupil's sensitivity to brightness changes, which can mask pupil's response to cognitive load.

Getting hot in here! Comparison of Holmium vs. thulium laser in an anatomic hydrogel kidney model.

As laser technology has advanced, high-power lasers have become increasingly common. The Holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser has long been accepted as the standard for laser lithotripsy. The thulium fiber laser (TFL) has recently been established as a viable option.

WATTS happening? Evaluation of thermal dose during holmium laser lithotripsy in a high-fidelity anatomic model.

Purpose: To evaluate the thermal profiles of the holmium laser at different laser parameters at different locations in an in vitro anatomic pelvicalyceal collecting system (PCS) model. Laser lithotripsy is the cornerstone of treatment for urolithiasis. With the prevalence of high-powered lasers, stone ablation efficiency has become more pronounced.

Turning up the HEAT: Surgical simulation of the Moses 2.0 laser in an anatomic model.

Introduction: With advancements in laser technology, urologists have been able to treat urinary calculi more efficiently by increasing the energy delivered to the stone. With increases in power used, there is an increase in temperatures generated during laser lithotripsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal dose and temperatures generated with four laser settings at a standardized power in a high-fidelity, anatomic model.

Transperineal Versus Transrectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging-targeted and Systematic Prostate Biopsy to Prevent Infectious Complications: The PREVENT Randomized Trial.

Background And Objective: The transrectal biopsy approach is traditionally used to detect prostate cancer. An alternative transperineal approach is historically performed under general anesthesia, but recent advances enable transperineal biopsy to be performed under local anesthesia. We sought to compare infectious complications of transperineal biopsy without antibiotic prophylaxis versus transrectal biopsy with targeted prophylaxis.

Cervical Cancer Screening Barriers Among Citizens of Jeddah.

Introduction: The cervix, a cylindrical structure made of stroma and epithelium, is the lowest point of the uterus. A tissue-proven biopsy of the cervix with histological confirmation is necessary for aberrant cytologic results of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears to rule out cervical cancer. This study investigates barriers to cervical cancer screening among women.

Can preoperative planning using IRIS™ three-dimensional anatomical virtual models predict operative findings during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy?

Objective: To evaluate the predictive validity of IRIS™ (Intuitive Surgical®, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) as a planning tool for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) by assessing the degree of overlap with intraoperative execution.

Methods: Thirty-one patients scheduled for RAPN by four experienced urologists were enrolled in a prospective study. Prior to surgery, urologists reviewed the IRIS™ three-dimensional model on an iphone Operating System (iOS) app and completed a questionnaire outlining their surgical plan including surgical approach, and ischemia technique as well as confidence in executing this plan.

Evaluation of Mixed Reality Technologies for Remote Feedback and Guidance During Transrectal Ultrasound Biopsy Simulation: A Prospective, Randomized, Crossover Study.

Objective: To compare equivalency of remote to in-person training during simulated transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, we combined three technologies (mixed reality [MR] software, smart glasses, and hydrogel simulation model). Taken together, telemonitoring harnesses data streaming to provide real-time supervision and technical assistance for surgical procedures from an expert at a remote geographical location.

Methods: Nineteen students were randomized into two groups (MR-first and in-person-first) and proctored to measure prostate volume and perform 14-biopsies over seven sessions: pretest, two MR/in-person-guided training sessions, mid-test, crossover into two in-person/MR-guided training sessions, and post-test.