Candidate Genes, Markers, Signatures of Selection, and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and Their Association with Economic Traits in Livestock: Genomic Insights and Selection.

This review synthesizes advances in livestock genomics by examining the interplay between candidate genes, molecular markers (MMs), signatures of selection (SSs), and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in shaping economically vital traits across livestock species. By integrating advances in genomics, bioinformatics, and precision breeding, the study elucidates genetic mechanisms underlying productivity, reproduction, meat quality, milk yield, fibre characteristics, disease resistance, and climate resilience traits pivotal to meeting the projected 70% surge in global animal product demand by 2050. A critical synthesis of 1455 peer-reviewed studies reveals that targeted genetic markers (e.

Evolution of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in the Bovinae subfamily.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancient viral infections that have integrated into host genomes, significantly influencing genome evolution, adaptation, and disease. This study employed a genome-wide screening protocol to analyze 49 genomes, covering 17 species within the Bovinae subfamily, including 25 cattle genomes and 7 buffalo genomes. The identification of ERVs primarily employed RepeatModeler.

as a multifunctional feed additive: synergistic nutritional and immunomodulatory mechanisms in livestock production.

Investigating ' is potential as a livestock feed additive, this review explores its nutritional and phytochemical profiles and its mechanistic roles, specifically focusing on its immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. is a rich source of diverse bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids (e.g.

Probiotic administration correlated with reduced diarrheal incidence and improved gut microbiota diversity in young goats.

Introduction: Probiotic interventions in young livestock are gaining attention for their potential health benefits.

Methods: This study involved 15 weaned goat kids (2-3 months old; 10-15 kg body weight), including 10 healthy kids and 5 diarrheic kids. The kids were divided into three groups: Healthy Control (H, no treatment), Probiotic-Treated Healthy (T), and Diarrheic + Probiotic-Treated (D).

Evaluating the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines during a period of Omicron variant predominance among Bangladeshi population: A test-negative design measurement.

The study was conducted to estimate the protective effectiveness (PE) of complete primary or booster dose regimens of COVID-19 vaccines deployed in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in four hospitals in Dhaka between December 30, 2021, and August 31, 2022 following a test-negative design. Patients aged ≥18 years attended with COVID-like symptoms were enrolled and tested for RT-PCR.

Impact of Trichoderma, abscisic acid and polyamines on resistance tomato cultivars against M. incognita infection.

Background: The interaction of various treatments such as abscisic acid (ABA), polyamines (PS), and biological control with Trichoderma against Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated to assess their impact on pathological indices, growth metrics, and defense mechanisms in tomato cultivars.

Methods: The study assessed Meloidogyne incognita root tomato disease (number of galls and egg masses) and growth parameters (shoot, root system, and fruit weight) in two tomato cultivars (1077 and Dania 85), along with the activities of defense enzymes; peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and expression of defense genes (POD, PPO and PR2). Specifically, the study evaluated abscisic acid (ABA; 10 µM), potassium silicate (5 g/L), and biological Trichoderma harzianum (10 CFU/ml) treatments under greenhouse conditions 45 days post-inoculation.

Exploring the mechanisms and mode of action of bioactive compounds from marine Streptomyces albidoflavus against breast carcinoma cells.

Breast cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases for women worldwide. Marine populations are considered a vast reservoir for novel bioactive metabolites, particularly marine Actinomycetes, which are known to produce various bioactive compounds with antitumour, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. A promising new marine strain was isolated and identified as Streptomyces albidoflavus strain EgyAB2 (16 S rRNA gene sequence accession number ON680945.

Investigating the Epidemiology and Socioecological Dynamics of Hydatid-like Cysts Within a Specific Endemic District.

Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a significant zoonotic parasitic disease caused by cestode parasites, affecting a variety of animals, including humans and wildlife, with serious implications for public health. In Pakistan, CE continues to pose a considerable public health challenge, impacting the livestock sector and wildlife conservation due to its economic and socio-cultural ramifications. This study aimed to examine the frequency of lesions indicative of cysts in livestock across several slaughterhouses in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), with the data collection occurring from May 2022 to February 2024.

Serine governs metabolic homeostasis and microbial crosstalk to promote the utilization of urea nitrogen in rumen fermentation in vitro.

Background: Urea is commonly used as a protein substitute in ruminant diets due to its nitrogen utilization efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Serine-derived downstream metabolism contributes to urea-enriched metabolic pathways in rumen fluid.

Results: This study examined the effects of 7.

Assessing the performance of a point-of-need diagnostic algorithm in rapid detection of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis (Mobile-TB-Lab): a diagnostic evaluation study protocol.

Introduction: Early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is central to ensuring the proper treatment and curbing the transmission of the disease. Despite the significant burden, the diagnosis of peripheral lymph node(LN)TB, the most prevalent form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), has been challenging in low resource settings. To meet the existing needs, the Mobile-TB-Lab study set out to evaluate two innovative approaches, including thermal imaging and recombinase-aided amplification assay (RAA) in Minoo for point-of-need diagnosis of LNTB.

Effects of Feeding Poultry Slaughterhouse Byproduct Meal on the Growth Performance, Digestibility, Antioxidant Status and Histological Parameters of Broilers.

A total of 3000 1-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 6 replicates (n = 100). The control group was fed standard diets, whereas the other groups were fed diets containing poultry slaughterhouse meal (PSM) at levels of 50, 75, 100 or 125 kg/t. The results indicated that the group fed 75 kg/t of PSM exhibited greater body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) than the other groups.

Antioxidant activity, antibacterial behavior, and anticancer impact of Egyptian propolis.

Background: Propolis, a resinous substance produced by bees, exhibits significant phytochemical and biological properties, which have been explored for various therapeutic applications.

Aim: This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, antibacterial efficacy, and anticancer potential of ethanolic extracts from three propolis samples (P1, P2, and P3).

Methods: Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the presence of bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, saponins, and tannins.

Association of a 7.9 kb Endogenous Retrovirus Insertion in Intron 1 of CD36 with Obesity and Fat Measurements in Sheep.

Background: Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) enhance genetic diversity in vertebrates, including sheep. This study investigates the role of Ov-ERV-R13-CD36 within CD36 gene and its association with phenotypic traits in sheep. Analyzing 58 sheep genomes revealed that ERVs constitute approximately 6.

Effects of Drinking Water Quality Parameters on Egyptian Cattle Farm Performance Indicators.

In both beef and dairy farming, the water quality (WQ) is of utmost importance, as it can significantly influence various cattle performance indicators (PIs). This study, conducted in Egyptian cattle farms experiencing emerging epidemics, aimed to scrutinize the impact of WQ on PIs. A comprehensive survey, involving 132 farms, was carried out using a questionnaire to identify hygiene-related risk factors (HRFs) that affect PIs.

Growth, physiological and molecular response of calcium and salicylic acid primed wheat under lead stress.

Background: Heavy metal contamination, particularly from lead (Pb), poses a significant threat to plant agriculture worldwide, adversely affecting growth, physiological functions, and yield. Signalling molecules such as calcium and salicylic acid are known to mitigate various stresses in plants, prompting this study to explore their interaction with Pb stress in wheat.

Methods: A pot experiment was conducted in which wheat grains were primed with either distilled water, 5 mM calcium (Ca), or 0.

Unraveling Antimicrobial Resistance Dynamics in Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Insights Into Antibiotic and Disinfectant Interactions.

A major risk to the poultry industry is antimicrobial resistance (AMR), specifically with regard to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infections. The sensitivity patterns of 100 MG isolates to biocides and antibiotics were examined in this study to clarify the interactions between antimicrobial agents and resistance mechanisms. The antimicrobial activity against MG was assessed using broth microdilution, and the results are shown as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each strain, the MIC distribution (range), the MIC, and/or the MIC.

A 280 bp SINE insertion within the pig PLA2G16 could potentially modify gene expression through integration with its transcript.

In our previous study, we identified a Short Interspersed Nuclear Element Retrotransposon Insertion Polymorphism (SINE-RIP) within the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the Phospholipase A2 Group XVI (PLA2G16) gene, which is essential in lipid metabolism. In this study, we confirmed the presence of this 280 bp SINE insertion and examined its distribution across ten distinct pig breeds using PCR and sequencing. Subsequently, RT-PCR was employed to determine its potential for co-transcription.

The Evolution and Role of Molecular Tools in Measuring Diversity and Genomic Selection in Livestock Populations (Traditional and Up-to-Date Insights): A Comprehensive Exploration.

Distinctive molecular approaches and tools, particularly high-throughput SNP genotyping, have been applied to determine and discover SNPs, potential genes of interest, indicators of evolutionary selection, genetic abnormalities, molecular indicators, and loci associated with quantitative traits (QTLs) in various livestock species. These methods have also been used to obtain whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, enabling the implementation of genomic selection. Genomic selection allows for selection decisions based on genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBV).

Expression and Immune Response Profiles in Nile Tilapia () and European Sea Bass () During Pathogen Challenge and Infection.

Nile tilapia () and European sea bass () are economically significant species in Mediterranean countries, serving essential roles in the aquaculture industry due to high market demand and nutritional value. They experience substantial losses from bacterial pathogens and , particularly at the onset of the summer season. The immune mechanisms involved in fish infections by and remain poorly understood.

The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Polysaccharides Extracted from Leaves on IEC6 Cells Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro.

() is a plant with significant medicinal and nutritional value and contains various bioactive compounds, particularly in its leaves (MOL). This study sought to explore the impact of leaf polysaccharides (MOLPs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC6) and to uncover the mechanisms involved. The cytotoxicity of MOLP on IEC6 cells was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, which demonstrated a safe concentration range of 0-1280 µg/mL.

Isolation and identification of antifungal, antibacterial and nematocide agents from marine bacillus gottheilii MSB1.

Pathogenic fungi employ numerous strategies to colonize plants, infect them, reduce crop yield and quality, and cause significant losses in agricultural production. The increasing use of chemical pesticides has led to various ecological and environmental issues, including the emergence of resistant weeds, soil compaction, and water pollution, all negatively impacting agricultural sustainability. Additionally, the extensive development of synthetic fungicides has adverse effects on animal and human health, prompting the exploration of alternative approaches and green strategies for phytopathogen control.

Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditions.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is a significant pest threatening crops like maize across Africa, necessitating sustainable pest management alternatives. This study evaluates the efficacy of Trichogramma evanescens as a biological control agent against FAW egg masses in Egypt under laboratory and semi-field conditions. FAW larvae were initially collected from infested maize fields and reared on castor-oil plant leaves.