Human Placental Extract Enhances Neonatal Intestinal Epithelial Reparative Capacity in Porcine Models.

Background And Aims: The devastation caused by necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has continued to claim the lives of infants despite advances in neonatal medicine. To address the acute, and often severe, intestinal epithelial damage caused by NEC, therapeutics that directly target epithelial recovery and cellular regeneration processes are needed.

Methods: We investigated the capacity of a decellularized human placental extract (HPE) to prevent and enhance recovery from NEC-like injury using in vitro and in vivo models.

Evolving therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma: traditional approaches and novel interventions.

Unlabelled: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and is characterized by rapid growth, diffuse infiltration, and resistance to conventional therapies. This review explores pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic advancements of GBM. GBM is highly heterogeneous and can be classified into molecular subtypes based on genetic and epigenetic alterations, influencing patient prognosis and treatment response.

Flexible ureteroscopy in renal anomalies: an explainable AI model for surgical outcome prediction from EAU endourology.

Aim And Objective: Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) is a well-established modality for managing urolithiasis in patients with congenital renal anomalies such as horseshoe kidneys (HK), malrotated kidneys (MK), and pelvic ectopic kidneys (PEK). Still, these anatomical variants present unique challenges that complicate stone clearance and procedural planning. We aim to apply machine learning (ML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques to identify predictors of stone-free status (SFS) following fURS in patients with anomalous kidneys.

Exposure and toxicokinetics of microplastics in arthropods: Mechanisms and consequences.

Arthropoda, the largest and the most diverse invertebrate Phylum, are increasingly impacted by microplastic (MP) pollution across varied range of habitats. This review synthesizes toxicity of MPs in different taxa of arthropods with references to exposure route, tissue level accumulation and toxicokinetic behaviour with a focus on physiological outcomes. This review article comprehensively identified that gut and gill are the primary sites of MP accumulation.

Epidemiological, forensic, and clinical insights into burn injuries: A decade-long retrospective analysis from Goa Medical College.

Burn injuries constitute a significant public health and forensic challenge, accounting for 8.91 % of total post-mortem examinations in Goa during 2014-2023. This study examines 972 burn cases, analysing epidemiological, forensic, and clinical factors.

Effect of 4 Weeks of Yogic-based Paschimottanasana Practice on Sit-and-Reach Test Goniometer Measurements among Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Flexibility is a vital component of physical fitness, influencing movement efficiency and reducing the risk of injury. Hamstring tightness, a preventable issue, impairs flexibility and athletic performance. Paschimottanasana is a yogic posture purported to improve hamstring flexibility; however, limited empirical evidence supports its effectiveness.

Deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase LRSAM1 fosters intracellular survival.

Background: Intracellular invasion and persistence of can lead to chronic infection and is an effective strategy for the pathogen to evade the host immune response and antibiotic therapy. Selective ubiquitination of bacterial surfaces via E3 ubiquitin ligases is a mechanism by which host cells combat intracellular bacteria and target them for autophagosomal degradation. However, knowledge of the E3 ligases involved in intracellular recognition of is still very limited.

Vitamin - D supplements for better osteointegration in dental implant surgery: A randomized control trial.

The role of Vitamin - D in osseointegration is of interest. Henceforth, the randomized control trial was conducted wherein 40 Participants were equally divided into two groups. Group A received Vitamin - D3 for 12 weeks following implant placement while Group B, did not receive Vitamin - D supplementation.

Secondhand Smoke and Biomass Fuel Exposure as Risk Factors for Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Matched Case-Control Study From Southern Haryana.

Introduction Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and biomass cooking fuel utilization represent persistent and growing health threats in regions where tuberculosis (TB) poses major public health risks. This comprehensive study conducted in Nuh district, Haryana, India, investigated the association between environmental exposures, including SHS and biomass cooking fuel use, with pulmonary TB development. Methodology This matched case-control study included 218 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB cases matched with 218 non-TB controls recruited from the same healthcare facility.

CLARITY in Alzheimer's Research: Merging Tissue Transparency with Next-Gen Neurotechnologies.

CLARITY is a technique that makes tissues optically transparent, enabling the clear visualization of complex cellular and subcellular structures with relative ease. Traditionally, this technique has been used to visualize the pathologies of certain diseases. In the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the CLARITY technique of clearing lipids from tissues has enabled precise visualization of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies with a temporal analysis of the extent of protein aggregation associated with disease progression.

Genome-wide analysis reveals expansion and structural rearrangements of the attacin gene family in saturniid silkmoths.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of insect immunity, yet the attacin gene family remains poorly studied in Saturniidae. Despite comprehensive functional studies on AMPs across various lepidopteran taxa, the attacin gene family remains insufficiently characterized in Antheraea assamensis (A. assamensis) and related saturniid silkmoths.

Efficacy of ketamine versus etomidate for rapid sequence intubation, among critically ill patients in terms of mortality and success rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Etomidate as well as ketamine are hemodynamically stable induction agents for rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in critically ill patients. Despite, their relative stability in terms of hemodynamics, the impact of choice of agent, on mortality and success of the procedure, is debatable and has not yet been explored via systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim And Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to compare the efficacy of ketamine versus etomidate for RSI in terms of mortality, hemodynamic parameters, and success rate.

Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging as a tool to unlock physiological and molecular mechanisms for drought resistance of agaves.

This article summarizes the findings of two of our own contributions and presents additional measurements that make us reach a conjecture about the physiological and molecular mechanisms that confer agaves their extraordinary capacity to withstand drought conditions. In these studies, we used terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and imaging to investigate the water retention mechanisms of agaves as well as the hydration dynamics of agave fructans, which are a peculiar type of carbohydrate produced by these plants. THz imaging was applied to map water distribution across different tissue regions, revealing a highly hydrated region in the core of the leaves and a less hydrated layer in the outside.

A Comparative Analysis of Graphene Versus Zirconia Fixed Dental Prostheses: An In Vitro Study.

Objectives This study set out to compare the mechanical behavior of graphene and zirconia in the context of their potential use in fixed dental prostheses. Specifically, we evaluated three critical properties: Rockwell hardness, to understand surface durability; compressive strength, to assess resistance to biting forces; and flexural strength, to examine performance under bending stress. To approximate real-world conditions, all samples were subjected to thermocycling, simulating the thermal changes typical of the oral cavity.

Advancing vaccine-based immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment.

Glioblastomas (GBMs) originate from glial cells and are characterized by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Despite advances in surgical resection, complete elimination remains challenging, often leading to recurrence that is resistant to standard therapies. Immunotherapy and conventional treatments show promise in enhancing therapeutic outcomes across various cancers.

Metabolic Adaptation of Regenerative Hematopoiesis Depends on Docking-Independent Mitochondrial Connexin-43.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) exhibit a distinctive antioxidant profile during steady-state and stress hematopoiesis. HSC and multipotential progenitors (HSC/MPP) are metabolically coupled to bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells through mitochondrial transfer, a process dependent on hematopoietic connexin 43 (Cx43) and low AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. However, the mechanism by which Cx43 preserves mitochondrial functionality in HSC remains elusive.

Pharmacological potential of calorie restriction mimetics in mitigating brain aging.

Quality of life is strongly influenced by brain aging, which is closely associated with neurodegeneration. With brain aging, various changes occur at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels, such as loss of proteostasis; dysregulation of nutrient sensing; abnormalities in the functions of mitochondria; and changes in neurophysiology. These changes also affect cognitive capabilities and result in mild to severe cognitive impairment.

Electronic Structure Modulation of AlN Single-Atom Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Mechanistic origins of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in p-block metal-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) remain underexplored. Aluminium (Al) typically hinders catalytic activity due to strong binding with oxygenated intermediates, limiting its effectiveness for ORR. However, tailoring electronic structure and coordination environment around Al atoms can optimize the p-band center that may enhance catalytic activity.

Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance in Implant-Supported Provisional Crowns Fabricated by Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing, Three-Dimensional Printing, and Conventional Self-Curing.

Aim and objectives This study aimed to assess the influence of three fabrication techniques, computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) milling, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and conventional self-curing, on the fracture resistance of implant-supported polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin-based provisional crowns. Methods An in vitro comparative study was conducted using 45 implant analogs with straight titanium abutments, equally distributed into three groups. Each analog was embedded vertically in custom acrylic resin blocks (20 × 20 × 20 mm).

Machine learning enhanced ultra-high vacuum system for predicting field emission performance in graphene reinforced aluminium based metal matrix composites.

The field emission performance of aluminium-based metal matrix composites reinforced with graphene (AlGr-MMCs) has garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in advanced electronics and in materials-based cathode systems. The field emission performance plays a crucial role in the high-power micro-wave tube devices and in energy applications, where material composition significantly influences emission stability and efficiency. This research work explores the impact of graphene incorporation into aluminum-based metal matrix composites (AlGr -MMCs) on field emission characteristics.

Application of nanoparticles for salinity stress management and biofortification in wheat: a review of dual approaches and insights.

Salinity stress is one of the most challenging constraints affecting wheat production, limiting both yield and nutritional quality. Wheat is one of the most important staple cereals as well as a major source of carbohydrates for a considerable portion of the world population, yet wheat has suffered from significant productivity constraints due to salt stress. Such stress adversely affects germination, vegetative growth, reproductive organ development, enzymatic activity, photosynthesis photostability, and hormonal equilibrium, eventually causing oxidative stress and drastic loss of crop yield.

Simulation-based training in minimally invasive surgical therapies (MIST): current evidence and future directions for artificial intelligence integration-a systematic review by EAU endourology.

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) affects a growing proportion of the aging male population. Minimally invasive surgical therapies (MISTs) such as Rezum and UroLift offer effective alternatives to traditional approaches like transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). However, training in these procedures is challenged by limited case exposure and variability across residency programs.

Impact of nano-silica on Thermal, Mechanical, and rheological properties of melt-extruded PLA-based nanocomposites.

The present study reports the fabrication of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/nano-silica (NS) based nanocomposites at three different loadings of NS (i.e. 2 %, 4 %, and 6 %) as PLANS2, PLANS4, and PLANS6 with improved mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties through the melt extrusion process, where Luban gum (G) was incorporated into the system as a compatibilizer.