Evolving therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma: traditional approaches and novel interventions.

Unlabelled: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and is characterized by rapid growth, diffuse infiltration, and resistance to conventional therapies. This review explores pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic advancements of GBM. GBM is highly heterogeneous and can be classified into molecular subtypes based on genetic and epigenetic alterations, influencing patient prognosis and treatment response.

Deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase LRSAM1 fosters intracellular survival.

Background: Intracellular invasion and persistence of can lead to chronic infection and is an effective strategy for the pathogen to evade the host immune response and antibiotic therapy. Selective ubiquitination of bacterial surfaces via E3 ubiquitin ligases is a mechanism by which host cells combat intracellular bacteria and target them for autophagosomal degradation. However, knowledge of the E3 ligases involved in intracellular recognition of is still very limited.

Vitamin - D supplements for better osteointegration in dental implant surgery: A randomized control trial.

The role of Vitamin - D in osseointegration is of interest. Henceforth, the randomized control trial was conducted wherein 40 Participants were equally divided into two groups. Group A received Vitamin - D3 for 12 weeks following implant placement while Group B, did not receive Vitamin - D supplementation.

CLARITY in Alzheimer's Research: Merging Tissue Transparency with Next-Gen Neurotechnologies.

CLARITY is a technique that makes tissues optically transparent, enabling the clear visualization of complex cellular and subcellular structures with relative ease. Traditionally, this technique has been used to visualize the pathologies of certain diseases. In the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the CLARITY technique of clearing lipids from tissues has enabled precise visualization of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies with a temporal analysis of the extent of protein aggregation associated with disease progression.

Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging as a tool to unlock physiological and molecular mechanisms for drought resistance of agaves.

This article summarizes the findings of two of our own contributions and presents additional measurements that make us reach a conjecture about the physiological and molecular mechanisms that confer agaves their extraordinary capacity to withstand drought conditions. In these studies, we used terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and imaging to investigate the water retention mechanisms of agaves as well as the hydration dynamics of agave fructans, which are a peculiar type of carbohydrate produced by these plants. THz imaging was applied to map water distribution across different tissue regions, revealing a highly hydrated region in the core of the leaves and a less hydrated layer in the outside.

Advancing vaccine-based immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment.

Glioblastomas (GBMs) originate from glial cells and are characterized by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Despite advances in surgical resection, complete elimination remains challenging, often leading to recurrence that is resistant to standard therapies. Immunotherapy and conventional treatments show promise in enhancing therapeutic outcomes across various cancers.

Metabolic Adaptation of Regenerative Hematopoiesis Depends on Docking-Independent Mitochondrial Connexin-43.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) exhibit a distinctive antioxidant profile during steady-state and stress hematopoiesis. HSC and multipotential progenitors (HSC/MPP) are metabolically coupled to bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells through mitochondrial transfer, a process dependent on hematopoietic connexin 43 (Cx43) and low AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. However, the mechanism by which Cx43 preserves mitochondrial functionality in HSC remains elusive.

Pharmacological potential of calorie restriction mimetics in mitigating brain aging.

Quality of life is strongly influenced by brain aging, which is closely associated with neurodegeneration. With brain aging, various changes occur at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels, such as loss of proteostasis; dysregulation of nutrient sensing; abnormalities in the functions of mitochondria; and changes in neurophysiology. These changes also affect cognitive capabilities and result in mild to severe cognitive impairment.

Electronic Structure Modulation of AlN Single-Atom Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Mechanistic origins of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in p-block metal-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) remain underexplored. Aluminium (Al) typically hinders catalytic activity due to strong binding with oxygenated intermediates, limiting its effectiveness for ORR. However, tailoring electronic structure and coordination environment around Al atoms can optimize the p-band center that may enhance catalytic activity.

Triggering Exothermic Water Dissociation on Copper via Rhenium Implantation for Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Generation.

Implantation of foreign elements into a host lattice can enhance catalytic activity by modulating electronic properties. Copper (Cu), a low-cost and abundant material, shows great potential in energy conversion applications. However, its high water dissociation energy barrier limits its catalytic performance in alkaline hydrogen evolution reactions (HER).

Salivary Biomarkers vs. Conventional Biopsy for Oral Cancer Detection in India: A Comparative Study.

Objective: Oral cancer, predominantly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), constitutes a major global health concern with alarmingly high-morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of salivary biomarkers against conventional biopsy in detecting oral cancer.

ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) of the Zygomatic Arch Fracture Using Transbuccal Instrumentation.

Background: The zygomatic arch fracture indicated using ORIF (open reduction and internal fixation) after its fracture in a few clinical scenarios.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of ORIF (open reduction and internal fixation) for zygomatic arch fracture using transbuccal instrumentation.

Method: The study assessed 60 subjects who needed ORIF of the zygomatic arch fracture, and reduction was done following transbuccal instrumentation under general anesthesia.

Enhanced Heat Dissipation and Reduced Power Consumption in Electronics Using 2D Hexagonal Boron Nitride.

Miniaturization of electronic components has led to overheating, increased power consumption, and early circuit failures. Conventional heat dissipation methods are becoming inadequate due to limited surface area and higher short-circuit risks. This study presents a fast, low-cost, and scalable technique using 2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) coatings to enhance heat dissipation in commercial electronics.

Fluorinated Hexosome Carriers for Enhanced Solubility of Drugs.

Designing nanomaterials for drug encapsulation is a crucial, yet challenging, aspect for pharmaceutical development. An important step is synthesizing amphiphiles that form stable supramolecular systems for efficient drug loading. In the case of fluorinated drugs, these have superior properties and also a tendency toward reduced water solubility.

Boosting the Structural Stability of High-Voltage Sodium Layered Cathodes via Site-Selective La/Ti Co-Doping.

P2-type sodium layered oxide (NaNiMnO, NNMO) material is considered a potential cathode candidate for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their compact crystal structure, and high cationic and anionic redox at high voltage. However, their structural instability and capacity fading, due to P2-O2 phase transitions and lattice oxygen evolution, are significant challenges for their long-term cycling performance. To address these problems, co-doping is recognized as an effective technique.

2D MnTe/rGO Hybrid Structure for Moisture Energy Harvesting.

The development and widespread use of wind, solar, geothermal, and other renewable energy sources have increased the supply of clean, green electricity while reducing environmental strain. Extracting renewable energy from continuously available humid air is a potential pathway for a sustainable future. Here, we explore the use of two-dimensional (2D) manganese telluride (MnTe) hybrid structures with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), for absorbing moisture and atmospheric humidity.

Amplification of Asymmetry via Structural Transitions in Supramolecular Polymer-Surfactant Coassemblies.

Asymmetric structures are widespread in nature and essential for life and biointeractive materials. Although nature uniformly operates with homochirality, the hierarchical control of asymmetry in synthetic, water-soluble molecular systems is still underexplored. In this work, we present the amplification of helical asymmetry of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) supramolecular polymers by coassembly with homochiral nonionic surfactants.

The Dugganite Structure as a Host for New Colored Compounds and for Oxygen Evolution Studies.

A family compounds with the general formula ABCDO (A = Pb, Ba, Sr; B = Te, Sb; C = Al, Ga, Fe, Zn, Mg, Co, Ni, Cu; D = P, V, As, Si, Ge) stabilized in the dugganite structure has been prepared and characterized. The transition metal ions substituted at the tetrahedral sites in place of Zn ions, gave rise to brightly colored compounds. The origin of colors in the compounds were understood based on the allowed d-d transitions and possible metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) transitions involving the different transition elements.

Towards safer steel operations with a multi model framework for accident prediction and risk assessment simulation.

This research concentrates on an introduction of a multi-model approach integrating Bayesian Networks (BN), Machine Learning (ML) models, Natural Language Processing (NLP) with Sentiment Analysis, Agent-Based Modeling (ABM), and Survival Analysis to improve predictive modelling of accident causation in high-risk steel industries. The significance of the artificial intelligence (AI) based models is that every approach complements other substantiating the hypothesis. Also, the augmentation of prediction accuracy could be achieved through AI approaches contrary to conventional methods.

Transformative advances in modeling brain aging and longevity: Success, challenges and future directions.

Research on brain aging is crucial for understanding age-related neurodegenerative disorders and developing several therapeutic interventions. Numerous models ranging from two-dimensional (2D) cell-based, invertebrate, vertebrate, and sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) models have been used to understand the process of brain aging. Invertebrate models are ideal for researching conserved aging processes because of their simplicity, short lifespans, and genetic tractability.

Strain and Charge Doping Modulated Optical Emission Signatures of Polycrystalline WSe.

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with direct bandgap in the visible and near-IR spectral range, such as transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films, are promising candidates for optoelectronic devices and in light harvesting applications. Large area growth of 2D TMDs through techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), while offering industrial scalability, suffers major drawbacks due to polycrystalline nature of the grown films. Here, the optical emission signatures of polycrystalline WSe monolayers grown on sapphire substrates using CVD are investigated to identify the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to the photoluminescence (PL) in these films.

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in bipolar affective disorder and its familial aggregation.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most encountered disorders in psychiatric clinics. Despite extensive research and advancements in BD treatment, little is known about the disease's primary etiopathogenesis and relationship with different pathophysiological traits. The present study is aimed to evaluate the pathophysiological role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in BD patients and identify their familial aggregation.

Defect Engineered Few Layered MoS for Human-Machine Interface.

Ultrasensitive flexible devices have huge applications in many areas, like healthcare monitoring, human-machine interaction, and wearable technology. However, improving the sensitivity of these devices is still challenging. In the current study, a flexible non-contact sensing system is designed with a human-machine interface using defect-engineered, few-layered Molybdenum disulfide (MoS).

Modular Synthesis of Dendritic Oligo-Glycerol Cationic Surfactants for Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy.

Bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance present an ever-increasing threat to human health worldwide, and medicine urgently needs new alternatives for the successful treatment of bacterial infections. Cationic surfactants have proven to be effective antibacterial agents due to their ability to disrupt bacterial membranes, inhibit biofilm formation, and combat a broad spectrum of pathogens. We employed a orthogonal click chemistry strategy for the efficient modular synthesis of six novel cationic surfactants.