Effect of discontinuous fair-share emissions allocations immediately based on equity.

National emissions targets are collectively insufficient to align with the Paris Agreement. The fair-share literature assesses whether these targets are fair and ambitious in comparison to emissions trajectories based on equity principles. Such emissions trajectories commonly start at present-day emissions levels.

Associations between shift work arrangements, sleep characteristics, urinary cortisol and melatonin levels among nurses in Hong Kong.

Objectives: Shift work disrupts hormonal rhythms, but evidence linking specific shift patterns to cortisol/melatonin variations remains limited. This study evaluated the associations of a rapid-rotating shift pattern (ie, PAN pattern, shift transitions from afternoon to morning to night shifts within approximately 40 hours) and irregular non-PAN pattern shifts with urinary cortisol and melatonin among Hong Kong nurses, while also assessing the role of sleep on rhythmic hormones.

Methods: A 7-day actigraphy-based study recruited 201 shift nurses and 100 daytime workers.

The human microglia responsome: a resource for microglia states in health and disease.

Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, are increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders through genetic studies. However, how genetic risk factors for these diseases are related to microglial gene expression, microglial function, and ultimately disease, is still largely unknown. Microglia change rapidly in response to alterations in their cellular environment, which is regulated through changes in transcriptional programs, which are yet poorly understood.

PARAMETRA: A transmission modelling database for livestock diseases.

Dynamic modelling of infectious diseases of importance to livestock production is a valuable tool for policy and decision makers. Mathematical and simulation models play an essential role in understanding complex systems, but parameterising these models can be challenging, especially in data-sparse environments. When parameters are unable to be estimated from epidemiological or experimental data, a time-consuming and labour-intensive literature review-to identify suitable literature-informed values-is often necessary.

Human inborn errors of type I interferon-independent intrinsic immunity in nonleukocytic cells.

'Intrinsic immunity' is often used to refer to mechanisms of host defense operating in nonleukocytic cells. This term can refer to the intrinsic capacity of an individual cell to fend off invading microbes without help from other cells or of a group of similar cells to fend off invading microbes without help from other cell types. The intrinsic capacity of individual cells to defend themselves against invading microbes without assistance has received little attention and is the topic of this review.

Strengthening pathogen and antimicrobial resistance surveillance through environmental monitoring in sub-Saharan Africa: stakeholder perspectives.

Wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) is an emerging tool for monitoring emergence and trends of waterborne, respiratory, and antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens. In many developing countries with limited pathogen surveillance systems, WES can complement and support existing monitoring efforts and strengthen pathogen surveillance capacity. This study explored priority pathogens for WES and assessed existing surveillance practices, including WES, in Tanzania, Burkina Faso, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

How do cumulative family risks influence the trajectory of problematic social media use among Chinese adolescents: A three-year longitudinal study.

Background And Aims: Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a concerning public health issue among adolescents. Existing literature has paid attention to the role of singular family risk on PSMU, but how cumulative family risks affect the trajectory of PSMU needs to be further explored.

Methods: The current study employed a five-wave longitudinal design that lasted for three years (each time interval: 6, 6, 12, and 12 months) to reveal the longitudinal mechanism between cumulative family risks and the trajectory of PSMU, examining the mediating roles of escape and relationship motivations.

The Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Transitional-Age Youth: A Meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis integrated the findings on the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for transitional-age youth (TAY; youth aged 15 to 25) on psychopathology (i.e., internalizing, externalizing and other psychological problems), ACT related processes (i.

Colistin resistance dynamics in under biofilm and planktonic growth.

is a major pathogen in chronic biofilm-associated lung infections, particularly in patients with cystic fibrosis. Colistin is commonly used to treat these infections, although there is little understanding of how resistance evolves when cells are grown within biofilms. The current study compared the phenotypic dynamics and genetic adaptations of colistin resistance between planktonic and biofilm-grown .

The precision of attention controls attraction of population receptive fields.

We alter our sampling of visual space not only by where we direct our gaze, but also by where and how we direct our attention. Attention attracts receptive fields toward the attended position, but our understanding of this process is limited. Here we show that the degree of this attraction toward the attended locus is dictated not just by the attended position, but also by the precision of attention.

Prognostic Value of a Histopathological Scoring System and the Ki67 Proliferation Index in Dogs With Phaeochromocytoma.

Canine phaeochromocytomas (PCCs) are neuroendocrine tumours with malignant potential. Metastatic disease remains the sole definitive evidence of malignancy. Histopathological criteria to predict long-term survival have not been established in dogs.

People With Haemophilia as Data Coordinators: An Analysis of the Ethics and Feasibility of Self-Management With Personal Health Records.

Background: People with haemophilia perform various self-management tasks, supported by multiple health apps. Personal health records will enable individuals to access and add health information from different institutions in a single digital tool, providing an integrated overview of data. Later, individuals will also be able to share their data with health care providers and relatives.

Factors influencing primary health care service provision to older adults in lagos, nigeria: understanding the experiences of the demand population.

Background: As the population in Nigeria ages, primary health care (PHC) is a critical, inclusive, and cost-effective approach to improving the health status and care for older adults who require regular care for noncommunicable diseases and age-related conditions. To address age-related healthcare disparities and promote healthy aging there is a need to identify barriers and facilitators to PHC access for older adults in Nigeria.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) with older adults in Lagos State.

Characteristics of patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm who contacted out-of-hours primary care: a case-control study.

Background: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is rare but it is the second most frequently missed diagnosis reported as sentinel adverse event ('calamity') at out-of-hours services in primary care (OHS-PC). We aimed to identify characteristics that could be useful for telephone triage of suspected rAAA at the OHS-PC.

Methods: In a matched case-control study (1:4 ratio), we compared patients with a missed rAAA (cases) to patients with the same age and sex, and with similar entrance complaint (controls).

Estimated glomerular filtration rate in post COVID-19 patients at 3-6 months and 12-18 months after infection.

Background: Some degree of renal impairment is common during acute COVID-19 infection. However, it remains unclear whether this impairment is temporary or persists long term. In this study we compare kidney function ( estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) during infection, 3-6 months and 12-18 months after infection; the relationship between patient characteristics and eGFR in post COVID-19 patients; and the difference in eGFR between post COVID-19 patients and controls.

Anti-PD-1 treatment response is associated with the influx of circulating myeloid and T-cell subsets into the metastatic melanoma tumor microenvironment.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) significantly improves the survival of metastatic melanoma patients; however, a substantial proportion of patients does not respond to these breakthrough therapies.

Methods: To improve our understanding of this response variability, we developed high-plex panels for protein imaging of a discovery cohort and validation with RNAseq analyses to examine myeloid and T-cell subsets in pre-anti-PD-1-treatment samples of 14 metastatic melanoma patients (7 responders and 7 non-responders).

Results: We demonstrate that a higher abundance of circulating monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and cytotoxic T-cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) at baseline distinguishes metastatic melanoma patients with a favorable response to anti-PD1 treatment from non-responders, who featured co-localization of suppressive macrophages (M2) and T-cells.

Lifetime air pollution exposure from prenatal to 18 years and cardiovascular health in young adulthood: findings from a UK birth cohort.

Aims: We assessed the association between air pollution from pregnancy (in utero) to 18 years and cardiovascular health markers in early adulthood.

Methods: Data from 3,767 individuals from a UK birth cohort were used. We explored the associations between modelled fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and black carbon (BC) across an 18-year period and eight cardiovascular health markers measured at 18 year of age.

An exploratory single-cell analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vedolizumab-treated Crohn's disease patients identifies response-associated differences among the plasmacytoid dendritic cells and classical monocytes.

Background: Vedolizumab (VDZ) is a monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). Despite its efficacy, non-response to VDZ is common in clinical practice with no clear understanding of how it manifests. Here, we performed an exploratory study characterizing the cellular repertoire of responders and non-responders to VDZ during treatment.

White matter microstructure changes across the lifespan: a meta-analysis of longitudinal diffusion MRI studies.

Background: White matter in the human brain is known to play a critical role in facilitating communication between different brain regions. White matter microstructure is often quantified using fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion-weighted MRI and is often considered a key measure of neural efficiency that is positively associated with motor and cognitive functioning. While lifespan trajectories of FA have been well studied in cross-sectional designs, it remains less clear how FA changes longitudinally with age across the lifespan, and whether the rates of change are influenced by genetic variation.

Child and Parent Perspectives on Daily Functioning after Perinatal Brain Injury.

Objective: Perinatal brain injury can result in long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. To examine the most significant consequences from a patient perspective, this questionnaire study explored the strengths and difficulties in daily functioning after perinatal brain injury, by child self-report and parent-proxy report.

Study Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire study of participants ≥8 years of age born with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia, or with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke, and their parents.

Improved methane mitigation potential and modulated methane cycling microbial communities in arable soil by compost addition.

The global atmospheric concentration of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH) is rising rapidly, and agriculture is responsible for 30%-50% of the yearly CH emissions. To limit its global warming effects, strong and sustained reductions are needed. Sustainable agricultural management strategies, as the use of organic amendments like compost, have previously proven to have a potent CH mitigation effect in laboratory experiments.

Associations of Genetically Predicted CKD With Urinary Tract Cancer and Lung Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Rationale & Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is reported to be associated with cancer, especially for urinary tract and lung cancer. However, whether this suggests causality has not been resolved. This study aimed to investigate the causal relation of CKD to overall, urinary tract, and lung cancer.

Resistance mutations and the blood-brain barrier: Key challenges in targeted treatment of brain metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Over the past two decades, marked progress has been made in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR-, ALK-, ROS1- and KRAS-targeted inhibitors. NSCLC patients very often develop brain metastases. Despite the continuous development of newer and better inhibitors, the survival outcomes of NSCLC patients with brain metastases remain significantly worse than those of patients without.

Function focused care in hospital among nurses and patients from geriatric and neurology wards: A mixed method process evaluation.

Background: Function Focused Care is a promising approach stimulating physical activity of patients admitted to hospital. In studying the effectiveness, patients receiving Function Focused Care in Hospital were admitted 3.3 days shorter than patients receiving usual care.