Comparative Effectiveness of TAVI Platforms and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Evidence informing clinical guidelines assumes that all transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) devices have similar effectiveness, in other words, displaying a class effect across TAVI valves. We aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness of different TAVI platforms relative to other TAVI counterparts or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).

Methods: MEDLINE/Embase/CENTRAL were searched from inception until April 2025, for randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes with different commercially available TAVI devices relative to other TAVI counterparts or SAVR.

Structure and mechanism of the mitochondrial calcium transporter NCLX.

As a key mitochondrial Ca transporter, NCLX regulates intracellular Ca signalling and vital mitochondrial processes. The importance of NCLX in cardiac and nervous-system physiology is reflected by acute heart failure and neurodegenerative disorders caused by its malfunction. Despite substantial advances in the field, the transport mechanisms of NCLX remain unclear.

Real-world use of terlipressin in cirrhosis and acute kidney injury: frequent use beyond hepatorenal syndrome.

Background & Aims: Terlipressin is indicated to treat hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)-acute kidney injury (AKI), but is likely used outside this primary indication in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate real-world practice patterns on the use of terlipressin in AKI in cirrhosis.

Methods: International prospective study including patients hospitalized for decompensated cirrhosis.

From prediction to precision: Artificial intelligence and emerging technologies in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a vital intervention for managing cardiac arrest; however, enhancing survival rates remains a significant challenge. Recent advancements highlight the importance of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) to overcome existing limitations in prediction, intervention, and post-resuscitation care.

Methods: A thorough review of contemporary literature regarding AI applications in CPR was undertaken, explicitly examining its role in the early prediction of cardiac arrest, optimization of CPR quality, and enhancement of post-arrest outcomes.

Pulmonary delivery of small circular RNA vaccines for influenza prevention.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have played an instrumental role in the delivery of RNA therapeutics and vaccines, including the emerging class of synthetic circular RNA (circRNA). Pulmonary vaccines hold the potential to prevent various respiratory infectious diseases, such as influenza caused by influenza infection. Here, we report the pulmonary delivery of LNPs loaded with highly stable small circRNA vaccine for influenza prevention.

Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Aim: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its associated risk factors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent treatment for IBD at Jordan University Hospital between January 2013 and 2022. Case finding methods and clinical chart reviews were used to evaluate the clinical profile of patients with IBD.

Shocked quartz at the Younger Dryas onset (12.8 ka) supports cosmic airbursts/impacts contributing to North American megafaunal extinctions and collapse of the Clovis technocomplex.

Shocked quartz grains are an accepted indicator of crater-forming cosmic impact events, which also typically produce amorphous silica along the fractures. Furthermore, previous research has shown that shocked quartz can form when nuclear detonations, asteroids, and comets produce near-surface or "touch-down" airbursts. When cosmic airbursts detonate with enough energy and at sufficiently low altitude, the resultant relatively small, high-velocity fragments may strike Earth's surface with high enough pressures to generate thermal and mechanical shock that can fracture quartz grains and introduce molten silica into the fractures.

Updating the epidemiology of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis in the United States, using national electronic health record data, 2013-2023.

Introduction: Where surveillance data are limited, nationally-representative electronic health records allow for geographic, temporal, and demographic characterization of the fungal diseases blastomycosis and histoplasmosis.

Methods: We identified incident blastomycosis and histoplasmosis cases from 2013 to 2023 within Oracle EHR Real-World Data, which comprises 1.6 billion healthcare encounters nationally.

Toward Health Equity: A Workshop Report on the State of the Science of Obesity Interventions for Adults.

Objective: From October 18-20, 2022, the National Institutes of Health held a workshop to examine the state of the science concerning obesity interventions in adults to promote health equity. The workshop had three objectives: (1) Convene experts from key institutions and the community to identify gaps in knowledge and opportunities to address obesity, (2) generate recommendations for obesity prevention and treatment to achieve health equity, and (3) identify challenges and needs to address obesity prevalence and disparities, and develop a diverse workforce.

Methods: A three-day virtual convening.

The life cycle of infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship projects and interventions: the dynamic interplay of implementation and de-implementation science (Part I of II).

In Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention and Control, programmatic goals often strive to achieve clinical benefit by practice change in the direction of doing less. Practically, this may include reducing the number of tests ordered, encouraging shorter and more narrow courses of antimicrobials, or discontinuing practices that are no longer contextually appropriate. Because promoting practice change in the direction of doing less is a critical aspect of day-to-day operations in Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention and Control, the goals of this Research Committee White Paper are to provide a roadmap and framework for leveraging principles of implementation and de-implementation science in day-to-day practice.

Leveraging de-implementation science to promote infection prevention and stewardship: a roadmap and practical examples (Part II of II).

De-implementation of established practices is a common challenge in infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship and a necessary part of the life cycle of healthcare quality improvement programs. Promoting de-implementation of ineffective antimicrobial use and increasingly of low-value diagnostic testing are cornerstones of stewardship practice. Principles of de-implementation science and the interplay of implementation and de-implementation are discussed in part I of this Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America White Paper Series.

Whole genome sequence analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol across 246 K individuals.

Background: Rare genetic variation provided by whole genome sequence datasets has been relatively less explored for its contributions to human traits. Meta-analysis of sequencing data offers advantages by integrating larger sample sizes from diverse cohorts, thereby increasing the likelihood of discovering novel insights into complex traits. Furthermore, emerging methods in genome-wide rare variant association testing further improve power and interpretability.

Efficacy and safety of protamine sulfate following carotid artery stenting.

Background: protamine sulfate is used to reduce bleeding risk after Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS), but its efficacy in personalized patient settings remains underexplored. This study aims to identify factors associated with greater benefits from protamine sulfate following CAS.

Methods: A retrospective review of Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) data (2016-2022) identified patients undergoing CAS, divided into Transfemoral CAS (TF-CAS) and Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) groups.

Rifampin Exposure in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women with Tuberculosis in India.

This prospective cohort study evaluated rifampin pharmacokinetics in pregnant and non-pregnant women with tuberculosis in India. Pregnant women had significantly lower drug exposure, with <20% of the participants achieving target concentrations at any trimester. Findings highlight potential underdosing in pregnancy and underscore the need for dedicated pharmacokinetics studies in pregnancy, and revised rifampin dosing guidelines.

Structural Basis for HIV-1 Maturation Inhibition by PF-46396 Determined by MAS NMR.

Among the different types of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors, those that stabilize the junction between the capsid protein C-terminal domain (CA) and the spacer peptide 1 (SP1) within the immature Gag lattice are promising candidates for antiretroviral therapies. Here, we report the atomic-resolution structure of CA-SP1 assemblies with the small-molecule maturation inhibitor PF-46396 and the assembly cofactor inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), determined by magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Our results reveal that although the two PF-46396 enantiomers exhibit distinct binding modes, they both possess similar anti-HIV potency.

Defining the Pediatric Radiology Workforce in the United States Using Insurance Claims Data.

Objective: To determine the number of pediatric radiologists in the United States using professional imaging claims of children between 2016 and 2023 in a private payor claims database.

Methods: From 2016 to 2023, using private payer claims data (Inovalon Insights, LLC), all claim lines for radiology professional services billed by radiologists were identified. Each claim was assigned a work relative value unit (wRVU) in accordance with the CMS valuation for the claim year.

Neurocritical Care Entrustable Professional Activities for Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Education and Professional Development: Standardizing Curriculum, Training, and Assessment.

Objective: To develop a set of pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM).

Design: Survey and Delphi methodology in a panel of experts from the Pediatric Neurocritical Care Research Group (PNCRG) and the Education in Pediatric Intensive Care (EPIC) Research Collaborative.

Setting: Interprofessional local focus group, national focus group, and subsequent national multi-institutional, multidisciplinary expert panel in the United States.

Overall Survival with Amivantamab-Lazertinib in -Mutated Advanced NSCLC.

Background: Previous results from this phase 3 trial showed that progression-free survival among participants with previously untreated (epidermal growth factor receptor)-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was significantly improved with amivantamab-lazertinib as compared with osimertinib. Results of the protocol-specified final overall survival analysis in this trial have not been reported.

Methods: We randomly assigned, in a 2:2:1 ratio, participants with previously untreated -mutated (exon 19 deletion or L858R substitution), locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC to receive amivantamab-lazertinib, osimertinib, or lazertinib.

2025 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on the Treatment and Management of COVID-19: Abatacept.

This article provides a focused update to the clinical practice guideline on the treatment and management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The guideline panel presents a recommendation on the use of abatacept in hospitalized adults with severe or critical COVID-19. The recommendation is based on evidence derived from a systematic literature review and adheres to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

Neighborhood Disparities Predict Readmission in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery.

Socioeconomic and neighborhood disadvantages have been increasingly investigated for their associations with outcomes in a variety of otolaryngologic conditions. The aim of this study is to explore the role of area deprivation index (ADI) on the hospital length of stay and 30-day readmission following endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS). We performed a cross-sectional study of all patients who underwent EESBS between August 2020 and April 2024 at an academic institution.