Passive physical barrier modulates UVB-induced METosis-related MPO expression and activity, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase, and the shift of tissue-resident macrophages toward M1-associated iNOS.

Background: This study investigated the role of UVB radiation and the influence of a simulated passive barrier on the enzymatic conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) by 1-alpha hydroxylase and its effects on the functional activity of tissue-resident macrophages.

Methods: Murine peritoneal tissue-resident macrophages (PRMφs) were exposed to three conditions: (1) Baseline (Control group), with no light exposure; (2) UVB+/RF- group, exposed to UVB rays without passive barrier simulation; (3) UVB+/RF+ group, UVB exposure with a thin layer of rat fur to mimic the passive barrier on the skin.

Results: UVB exposure did not significantly alter 25OHD levels across groups but led to a marked downregulation of 1-alpha hydroxylase, particularly with the simulated barrier.

Period-doubling cascade to chaos and optimal quadratic harvesting in a prey-predator-scavenger model using Crowley-Martin functional response.

In the present article, a prey-predator-scavenger model is proposed and investigated with quadratic harvesting of predator and scavenger populations. The system is assumed to follow the Crowley-Martin functional response to describe the interaction between prey and predator populations. The positivity and boundedness of the system with respect to positive initial conditions are established.

Mechanistic insights into the (3 + 2) cycloaddition of azomethine ylide with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate bond evolution theory.

The mechanistic pathway of the (3 + 2) cycloaddition (32CA) between azomethine ylide 1 and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate 2, affording 4-isoxazoline derivatives, was elucidated Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations employing the B3LYP-D3 functional and the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set in 1,4-dioxane. Reactivity insights derived from Conceptual DFT (CDFT) demonstrated that compound 1 behaves as an ambiphilic species with significant nucleophilic and electrophilic tendencies, whereas compound 2 functions predominantly as an electrophile. These electronic features reveal a marked polarity in the cycloaddition and align with a forward electron density flux (FEDF) governing the reaction process.

Advanced fiber optic systems for efficient medical image transmission: a telemedicine perspective.

The increasing demand for secure, high-quality medical image transmission across healthcare institutions has posed a significant challenge to modern telemedicine systems. Traditional network infrastructures often fail to provide sufficient bandwidth and low latency required for transferring large volumes of high-resolution medical images, such as MRI and CT scans, over long distances. To address this limitation, a fiber-optic transmission framework was designed and evaluated with the objective of enhancing the speed, reliability, and accuracy of inter-hospital medical image sharing.

Metformin inhibits NF-κB p65/RelA-NLRP3 inflammasome-IL-1β axis, attenuates lipid droplet accumulation, and reprograms CD14/CD16 expression in monocytes exposed to colorectal tumor-conditioned medium.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) generates a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) known to profoundly alter the function and phenotype of immune cells, including monocytes. Key aspects of this environment can be mimicked by tumor-conditioned medium (TCM). Metformin has emerged as a promising candidate to counteract TCM-induced immune and inflammatory dysregulation.

Unlocking the African bioeconomy and strengthening biodiversity conservation through genomics and bioinformatics.

The African BioGenome Project (AfricaBP) is a Pan-African initiative aimed at improving food systems and biodiversity conservation through genomics while ensuring equitable data sharing and benefits. The Open Institute is the knowledge exchange platform of the AfricaBP, which aims to bridge local knowledge gaps in biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics and enable infrastructural developments. In 2024, the AfricaBP Open Institute advanced this mission by organizing 31 workshops that attracted more than 3500 registered attendees across 50 African countries, provided training to 401 African researchers in genomics, bioinformatics, molecular biology, sample collections and biobanking, and ethical considerations, across all five African geographical regions involving 40 African and non-African organizations.

Multicenter, cross-sectional study of the economic burden of multiple sclerosis and cost-driving factors.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease impacting young adults, reducing quality of life and imposing economic burdens.

Objectives: This study estimated MS costs in Algeria from a societal perspective, analyzed cost variations by disease severity, and provided insights for enhancing MS management and healthcare planning.

Methods: A cross-sectional, bottom-up cost-of-illness study used a validated questionnaire to collect demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic data from MS patients.

Sustainable and eco-friendly removal of 2,4,6-tricholorophenol from water using an acid-activated bio-waste/graphene oxide composite.

The presence of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) in aquatic systems presents considerable environmental and health risk owing to its persistence, toxicity, and bio-accumulative characteristics. In this work, an acid-activated eggshell/graphene oxide (AAES/GO) composite as an innovative and sustainable adsorbent was synthesized and characterized for the effective removal of TCP from aqueous solutions. The composite was synthesized phosphoric acid activation of eggshells for surface modification, then incorporating graphene oxide for surface reactivity and adsorption capability enhancement.

Seasonal groundwater quality analysis in a drought prone agricultural region using GIS and IWQI for nitrate contamination insights.

The Hennaya Plain's groundwater resources, which are crucial for agricultural irrigation, face significant quality challenges driven by human-induced environmental transformations. This study comprehensively evaluated groundwater quality during both dry and wet seasons. The assessment used an integrated approach that synergistically combined the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) with high-resolution nitrate content analysis as complementary diagnostic tools.

Virtual Screening of Novel Benzothiozinone Derivatives to Predict Potential Inhibitors of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Kinases 2D-QSAR, Molecular Docking, MM-PBSA Dynamics Simulations, and ADMET Properties.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the infectious agent behind tuberculosis (TB), underscores the significance of targeting enzymes such as arabinosyltransferases in drug development efforts. Benzothiozinone derivatives, which have been assessed for their effectiveness against TB, present a promising avenue for treatment. Utilizing a high virtual screening quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR-VS), a set of forty Benzothiozinone (C1-C40) compounds were investigated to build a robust model with satisfactory performance metrics ( = 0.

Bioleaching as an Eco-Friendly Nano-Factory for Sustainable Inorganic Waste Management: Current Advancements, Challenges, and Opportunities.

Inorganic waste management and metal recovery technology pose significant challenges to the global research community and policymakers. Bioleaching is an economical, eco-friendly, and sustainable technology used for extracting metals and nanoparticles from inorganic waste streams, including e-waste, fly ash, ore, spent batteries, and petroleum catalysts. Valuable metals are recovered from these waste materials by microbial action.

Peach Leaf Extract ( L.) Mitigates Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative Stress in High-Fructose Diet Rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of peach leaf extract ( L.) against metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in rats subjected to a high-fructose diet. The rats were divided into groups and fed a high-fructose diet, with or without supplementation of peach leaf extract.

Release of chlororotetracycline hydrochloride from novel hydrogels based on crosslinked chitosan and PVA.

Hydrogels based on hydrochloride polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing chlortetracycline and crosslinked chitosan (CS) by glutaraldehyde (GLA) were prepared by the freeze-thawing method and then characterized. The swelling properties and gel fraction of these hydrogels were studied and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, the thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated by DSC and rheology. Controlled release of chlortetracycline hydrochloride from these hydrogels was studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy.

Predator-prey dynamics with refuge, alternate food, and harvesting strategies in a patchy habitat.

A predator-prey dynamic reaction model is investigated in a two-layered water body where only the prey is subjected to harvesting. The surface layer (Layer-1) provides food for both species, while the prey migrates to deeper layer (Layer-2) as a refuge from predation. Although the prey is the preferred food for the predator, the predator can also consume alternative food resources that are abundantly available.

Unveiling Hydrogen Bonding and Solvent Effects on Directed Nitrile Oxide [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions: Selectivity of 2,2-Dimethylpropane Nitrile Oxide with Cyclopentenylbenzamide: An MEDT Study.

The role of hydrogen bond and solvent effects on the regio- and diastereoselectivity of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction (32CA) between 2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile oxide (NO) and -(cyclopent-2-en-1-yl)benzamide has been theoretically studied at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level using the molecular electron density theory (MEDT). Solvent effects of dichloromethane (DCM) and benzene were taken into account. The electron localization function (ELF) classifies NO as a three-atom component with a zwitterionic electronic structure, which participates in zwitterionic-type 32CA reactions.

Innate lymphoid cells, immune functional dynamics, epithelial parallels, and therapeutic frontiers in infections.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as pivotal players in the field of immunology, expanding our understanding of innate immunity beyond conventional paradigms. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted world of ILCs, beginning with their serendipitous discovery and traversing their ontogeny and heterogeneity. We explore the distinct subsets of ILCs unraveling their intriguing plasticity, which adds a layer of complexity to their functional repertoire.

Metal oxides and their composites for the remediation of organic pesticides: advanced photocatalytic and adsorptive solutions.

Metal oxide nanoparticles and their composites have garnered significant attention in water treatment and environmental cleanup due to their unique physicochemical properties. These materials exhibit distinct crystalline structures, tunable morphologies, large surface areas, versatile surface chemistry, and widespread availability. These features make nanostructured metal oxides and their composites highly effective for the selective removal of organic pollutants from the environment, either by adsorption or photodegradation.

Physicochemical properties of mesoporous acid activated materials from for Bezaktiv Red S-MAX dye removal.

, a cheap and easily accessible substance, was utilized to create activated carbon through acid activation [with HPO (ALM-P) and citric acid (ALM-C)]. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis reveals that the activated materials (LACs) had a surface area of 208.54 m g and 216.

Investigation into the breeding and dairy potential of Targui female dromedaries in the southernmost region of Algeria.

The growing demand for camel milk, driven by its recognized therapeutic properties, has prompted breeders to focus on increasing production. Achieving this goal requires a thorough understanding of lactation dynamics, breeding systems, and nutrition. To address these needs, we monitored milk production performances during whole lactation in 268 Targui female dromedaries in the Tamanrasset region of southern Algeria.

Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Patients with Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress have been associated with many leukemias. In order to show whether there is a difference in ROS levels and total antioxidant power between negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) patients and controls, this study aims to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with MPN. 43 subjects with negative MPNs and 40 healthy controls were included in this study.

Density, Speed of Sound, Refractive Index, and the Derived Properties of Binary Mixtures of ,-Dimethylacetamide with 1-Butanol, 1-Pentanol, Furfural, or Furfuryl Alcohol at Different Temperatures.

The density (ρ), speed of sound (), and refractive index ( ) of ,-dimethylacetamide (DMA) with 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, furfural (FFL), or furfuryl alcohol (FA) as a function of composition and at = 293.15 to 323.15 K with an interval of 10 K and atmospheric pressure were measured.

Insecticidal and Bactericidal Activities of Vahl and Molecular Docking Analysis of Insect Acetylcholinesterase.

Objectives: This study focused on the phytochemical, insecticidal, and bactericidal activities of Vahl, as well as molecular docking analysis of an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor as a promising natural insecticide.

Materials And Methods: The leaves of were successively extracted with n-hexane, acetone, and methanol. Silica gel column chromatography of the methanol extract yielded compound 1.

Exploring the Photocatalytic Efficiency of Gold Nanoparticles Deposited on Ni-Al-Zr-Layered Double Hydroxides for Selective Glucose Oxidation.

Confronting escalating challenges in energy security and environmental sustainability has intensified interest in renewable sources for fuels and chemicals. Among the most promising alternatives, sugars derived from biomass are emerging as a cornerstone in advancing an environmentally sustainable economy. Within this framework, the development of sunlight-driven carbohydrate oxidation is of significant interest, as it enables the production of a broad spectrum of high-value, bio-sourced chemicals through eco-friendly processes.

Elucidating the effect of camel α-lactalbumin in modulating obesity-related metabolic disorders in an obese rat model.

Camel α-Lactalbumin (α-LAC) has been shown to exert bioactivities for Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and anti-inflammation, showing the ability to treat obesity-related metabolic disorders. Herein, we present a novel process to purify α-LAC in a single chromatographic step from camel whey in a flow-through format. We also demonstrate the role of α-LAC modulation strategies for the treatment of obesity.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity in Some Algerian Essential Oils and Selection of Thymus vulgaris as a Potential Biofilm and Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Biofilm formation and virulence factor production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are identified as the main mechanisms of its antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity. In this context, the study of the chemical composition of three Algerian essential oils (EOs) and the screening of their antibacterial, antibiofilm, and virulence factor inhibitory activities enabled us to select the thyme EO as the best oil to control the P. aeruginosa strain isolated from hospital environments.