Epiploic appendagitis: An overlooked cause of acute abdominal pain.

Background: Epiploic appendagitis is a rare, often underrecognized cause of acute abdominal pain. Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary hospitalization, antibiotic use, or surgical intervention. Advances in imaging have improved the recognition of this self-limiting condition, but clinical awareness remains critical.

Internal Herniation Through the Transverse Mesocolon Causing Small Bowel Obstruction: A Case Report.

Internal hernias are one of the rare causes of small bowel obstruction. Among them, transmesocolic hernias are particularly uncommon and pose a diagnostic challenge due to their non-specific clinical and radiological features. We report the case of a 68-year-old female with known metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, who presented with right flank pain, nausea, and constipation.

Correction: A dual-ion-selective electrode system for real-time monitoring of dissolved ammonia.

Correction for 'A dual-ion-selective electrode system for real-time monitoring of dissolved ammonia' by Ayman H. Kamel , , 2025, https://doi.org/10.

Challenges and solutions in managing dental problems in children with autism.

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face unique challenges in maintaining oral health due to sensory sensitivities, communication difficulties, and behavioral barriers. These factors, along with limited access to ASD-trained dental professionals, increase their risk of dental caries, periodontal disease, bruxism, and other oral health issues. Despite growing awareness of these challenges, a comprehensive synthesis of evidence-based solutions remains lacking.

The Influence of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes on Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies. While PD is most recognized by its motor symptoms (resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability), cognitive decline (CD) may become apparent as PD progresses, leading to Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR) are risk factors for dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease; however, their influence on dementia in PD is underexplored.

Unraveling functional neurological disorder in pediatric populations: A systematic review of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Background: Functional neurological disorder (FND) in children is a complex and multifaceted condition characterized by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by organic pathology. Despite its prevalence, FND in pediatric populations remains under-researched, with challenges in diagnosis and management.

Aim: To synthesize the current literature on FND in children, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and outcomes.

Cow milk protein allergy mimics in infancy.

Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a prevalent food allergy in infancy. It often presents with symptoms that overlap with other conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, lactose intolerance, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, and eosinophilic esophagitis. This diagnostic overlap makes distinguishing CMPA from its mimics difficult, resulting in potential misdiagnoses and unnecessary dietary restrictions.

Room temperature green synthesis and time resolved kinetics of formation of xanthan gum stabilised silver nanoparticles with catalytic and antibacterial potential.

Well-defined and stable, spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized at room temperature by a green approach using xanthan gum (XG) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The effect of various concentrations of silver nitrate on the formation kinetics of AgNPs at 23 °C and pH 10 was studied. The nanoparticles formation with XG as a reducing agent followed a first-order reaction kinetics.

Performance Metrics of Mammography Screening Programmes in Primary Health Care Centres in Bahrain.

Background: Mammography is the cornerstone of breast cancer screening. Its diagnostic performance, however, is influenced by population demographics such as age and breast density.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish contemporary performance benchmarks for mammography screening in Bahrain's primary health-care centres (PHCs) and to identify areas for quality improvement.

A native bacterial consortium degrades estriol in domestic sewage and activated sludge via the 4,5- pathway and requires estriol to retain its biodegradation phenotype.

Estriol (E3) is one of the natural steroid estrogens commonly detected in wastewater. Although microbial biodegradation is a key process for removal of steroid estrogens during wastewater treatment, estriol biodegradation, and biotransformation mechanisms, as well as the involved bacterial consortia remain to be revealed. We enriched three E3-degrading bacterial consortia from raw sewage (inflow wastewater) and sludge samples.

Empowering Women for a Changing Climate: Exploring the Role of Environmental Literacy in Shaping Risk Perception and Climate Capability in Reproductive-Age Women.

Background: Climate change is a growing global concern with significant implications for public health, especially for women of reproductive age. Environmental literacy, climate capability, and risk perception are crucial in shaping individuals' responses to climate change.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate environmental literacy, climate capability, and climate change risk perception among women of reproductive age and explore their interrelationships.

Comparative study of pap smear and polymerase chain reaction tests for human papillomavirus screening in Bahrain.

Background: Cervical cancer remains a global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Bahrain, where human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause.

Aim: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of cervical cytology (pap smear) and molecular HPV detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in identifying cervical abnormalities among women in Bahrain.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 320 pap smear samples from the Salmaniya Medical Complex laboratory.

Digital addiction and its relationship with cognitive function among children - A cross sectional study.

Modern children exhibit a significantly greater reliance on technology compared to earlier generation. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the digital addiction and its effect on cognitive function among children. A Cross sectional study using convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from 419 children aged 9-17 years from pediatric ward and Out Patient Department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital.

A dual-ion-selective electrode system for real-time monitoring of dissolved ammonia.

A robust, all-solid-state potentiometric sensor was developed for the selective detection of dissolved ammonia (NH) in aqueous and gas-equilibrated environments. The sensor design is based on a coupled configuration of a nonactin-based ammonium-selective electrode (NH-ISE) and a hydrogen ion-selective electrode (H-ISE), enabling direct measurement of NH activity through the equilibrium: NH ⇌ NH + H. The resulting electrochemical cell exhibited a near-Nernstian response over a wide dynamic range, with a detection limit below 10 ppm and a response time under 6 seconds.

The prognostic implications of comorbidities in septic arthritis.

Septic arthritis (SA) is an orthopedic emergency characterized by joint inflammation secondary to infectious etiologies, most commonly . The prompt recognition of SA is crucial due to its significant morbidity and mortality. Fever, along with a swollen, painful joint and limited range of motion, are typical manifestations; however, presentations can vary.

Advances in Sickle Cell Disease Treatment: A Comparative Review of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy (Casgevy and Lyfgenia).

Sickle cell disease (SCD), affecting approximately 2.1% of Bahrain's population, is a prevalent inherited disorder that necessitates effective treatments and long-term management. This review highlights two innovative gene therapies (Casgevy and Lyfgenia) and compares their efficacy and safety with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)-the only curative option currently available for SCD.

Selective, effective, and rapid removal of cationic and anionic organic dyes using various tailored polymer-coated (PEG, PVP, PAA/starch) magnetite nanoparticles.

The development of novel, selective, and effective nanosorbents that can efficiently eliminate both anionic and cationic organic dyes in wastewater treatment remains a challenge. Herein, we prepared different panels of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with various polymers (PVP, PEG, and PAA/starch) and studied their adsorption capacity towards two common dyes: Anionic Congo red (CR) and cationic Methylene blue (MB). The physiochemical, structural, morphological, compositional, and magnetic properties of the polymer-coated MNPs were fully characterized using various electronic and spectroscopic techniques including TEM, XRD, FTIR, and VSM.

Blood transfusion guidelines in skull base surgery: a scoping review.

Objective: Consensus guidelines are lacking for the administration of blood product transfusions in adult skull base neurosurgery. This study aims to synthesize the current literature and provide preliminary evidence-based considerations for blood product transfusions in skull base surgery.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.

Knowledge about first aid of childhood emergency conditions among caregivers attending primary care centers in Bahrain - A cross-sectional study.

Background: Child injuries pose a significant global public health concern and are considered a leading cause of child mortality. This study aimed to determine the knowledge of first aid measures for common childhood emergencies among caregivers in Bahrain.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in eight primary healthcare centers across Bahrain, using a multi-stage sampling method.

Family Intensive Care Unit Syndrome: Investigating the Mediating Role of Healthcare Communication in Psychological Well-Being Among Family Members.

Background: Family members of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) often encounter profound emotional and psychological difficulties, a condition known as family intensive care unit syndrome (FICUS). These experiences can severely affect their mental health and psychological well-being. While effective communication within healthcare environments is likely essential for mitigating these challenges, it has not been thoroughly researched as a mediating factor in FICUS.

: Advances in Extraction Technologies, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Applications.

() has attracted significant scientific interest due to its extensive medicinal properties and long-established use in traditional medicine. This review synthesizes recent advances in the technological exploitation of , covering the extraction of bioactive constituents to product development. Modern extraction techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) have substantially improved the yield, selectivity, and preservation of key phytochemicals, particularly triterpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids.

Isoperistaltic Side-to-side Anastomosis in Colorectal Surgery: Outcomes and Comparative Insights from Bahrain.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The optimal anastomosis technique after surgical resection remains controversial, as each method presents distinct advantages and drawbacks. In particular, antiperistaltic and isoperistaltic side-to-side anastomosis (SSA) are associated with varying benefits and postoperative outcomes.

Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led HeartMath Training Program on Resilience, Emotional Adjustment, and Treatment Motivation Among Patients With Substance Use Disorder: A Randomized Control Trial.

Background: Although multimodal rehabilitation programs are effective for substance use disorders and widely used, addiction is still a global socioeconomic problem. Providing practical strategies, such as the HeartMath intervention for managing stress at the moment, helps mitigate the physical, emotional, and psychological impacts associated with substance use disorder, promotes resilience, and enhances treatment motivation.

Aim: To investigate the effects of the nurse-led HeartMath Training Program on resilience, emotional adjustment, and treatment motivation among patients with substance use disorder.

Experimental investigation of surface roughness effects on energy harvesting from a piezoelectric eel behind a cylindrical bluff body.

Due to dwindling energy reserves and the cost-effectiveness of installation, the global trajectory is shifting towards renewable energy sources as a proficient means of energy acquisition. Among these sources, hydropower stands out as it harnesses the kinetic energy of oceanic water flow to generate power. Various studies have harnessed vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) to generate power from a piezoelectric eel, showcasing the diverse applications of this technology.