Transcriptomics and eQTLs reveal inflammatory heterogeneity in the duodenal lining in coeliac disease.

In coeliac disease (CeD), the epithelial lining (EL) of the small intestine is severely damaged by a complex auto-inflammatory response, leading intraepithelial lymphocytes to attack epithelial cells. To understand the intestinal changes and genetic regulation in CeD, we investigated the heterogeneity in the transcriptomic profile of the duodenal EL using RNA-seq and eQTL analysis on predicted cell types. The study included duodenal biopsies from 82 patients, grouped into controls, gluten-free diet treated CeD and untreated CeD.

Discrepancies in combat sports injury reporting: A comparison of athlete self-reports and ringside physician data.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe and compare competition injuries in combat sports using two sources: (1) athletes' self-reported injury-related health problems (HPs) seven days after the competition, and (2) injury reports completed by ringside physicians immediately after each contest.

Design: Cross-sectional study of 29 combat sport events in Western Australia between August 2022 and November 2023.

Methods: Athletes reported injury-related HPs through an online questionnaire that included the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems 2 (OSTRC-H2).

Bowel preparation quality and computer-aided detection of adenomas during colonoscopy.

Objectives: Computer-aided detection (CADe) systems improve adenoma detection during colonoscopy, but the influence of bowel preparation quality on CADe performance is unclear. This study assessed whether different levels of adequate bowel preparation affect CADe effectiveness.

Methods: A post-hoc pooled analysis was conducted using individual patient data from three randomized controlled trials comparing CADe-assisted colonoscopy to standard colonoscopy (SC).

Spiritual Support for People Affected by Dementia: A Scoping Review.

As a life-limiting illness, dementia requires a holistic approach to care, where spiritual support plays a crucial role in helping individuals and their caregivers find meaning and solace. Our aim was to systematically map the research conducted on psychosocial interventions developed to provide spiritual support for people living with dementia and their caregivers from diagnosis and across the disease trajectory. A scoping review was conducted to explore the breadth of research on 'spiritual support' in dementia care, encompassing interventions, service delivery models, programs, toolkits, approaches, and activities.

Pan-carcinoma sialyl-Tn-targeting expands CAR therapy to solid tumors.

Accurate identification of tumor-specific markers is vital for developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based therapies. While cell surface antigens are seldom cancer-restricted, their post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly aberrant carbohydrate structures, offer attractive alternatives. Among these, the sialyl-Tn (STn) antigen stands out for its prevalent presence in various epithelial tumors.

An economic scenario analysis of implementing artificial intelligence in BreastScreen Norway-Impact on radiologist person-years, costs and effects.

ObjectiveTo study the implications of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) as a decision support tool in the Norwegian breast cancer screening program concerning cost-effectiveness and time savings for radiologists.MethodsIn a decision tree model using recent data from AI vendors and the Cancer Registry of Norway, and assuming equal effectiveness of radiologists plus AI compared to standard practice, we simulated costs, effects and radiologist person-years over the next 20 years under different scenarios: 1) Assuming a €1 additional running cost of AI instead of the €3 assumed in the base case, 2) varying the AI-score thresholds for single vs. double readings, 3) varying the consensus and recall rates, and 4) reductions in the interval cancer rate compared to standard practice.

Protocol for a core outcome set for pharmacological treatments in hospitalised patients with acute viral respiratory infections (COSAVRI).

Background: Acute viral respiratory infections (AVRIs) rank among the most common causes of hospitalisation worldwide, imposing significant healthcare burdens and driving the development of pharmacological treatments. However, inconsistent outcome reporting across clinical trials limits evidence synthesis and its translation into clinical practice. A core outcome set (COS) for pharmacological treatments in hospitalised adults with AVRIs is essential to standardise trial outcomes and improve research comparability.

Are we screening effectively? A systematic review and meta-analysis of proposed risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease screening.

Objectives: To systematically review and meta-analyse the risk factors proposed by the American College of Rheumatology and American College of Chest Physicians as screening tools for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD), focusing exclusively on studies using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in prospectively collected data from unselected RA patients.

Method: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies evaluating RA-ILD risk factors. Selection criteria included studies using HRCT in prospective, unselected RA cohorts.

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Background: Closure of soft tissue defects following surgical repair of neonatal myelomeningocele requires prompt and well-justified decisions regarding the reconstruction method if the defects are to be closed within the first two days of life. For larger defects, flap reconstruction is often necessary. The aim of the study was to examine reconstruction methods for closing soft tissue defects following surgery for myelomeningocele, as well as complications and the need for reoperation.

Reducing Calibration Bias for Person Fit Assessment by Mixture Model Expansion.

Measurement appropriateness concerns the question of whether the test or survey scale under consideration can provide a valid measure for a specific individual. An aberrant item response pattern would provide internal counterevidence against using the test/scale for this person, whereas a more typical item response pattern would imply a fit of the measure to the person. Traditional approaches, including the popular Lz person fit statistic, are hampered by their two-stage estimation procedure and the fact that the fit for the person is determined based on the model calibrated on data that include the misfitting persons.

Reperfusion Therapy for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Low to Middle-Income Countries. A Clinical Consensus Statement of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, and the Stent - Save a Life! Initiative.

Suboptimal care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in low- and middle-income countries is a significant problem. Registries from Latin America, Africa, and Asia show that less than 65% of patients receive reperfusion therapy, and widespread treatment delays and a lack of access to optimal therapies lead to preventable deaths and complications. While current guidelines provide a blueprint for care, their implementation in low-resource settings requires specific guidance that considers geographical, logistical, and economic realities.

Excess all-cause mortality in Norway in 2024.

Aims: The Norwegian Institute of Public Health calculated excess mortality for Norway in 2024 using a reference period that included 2023-a year with significant excess mortality-and concluded there was no excess mortality in 2024. This study estimates excess mortality in 2024 using only pre-pandemic years as the reference, providing a basis for identifying excess COVID-19 related mortality.

Methods: We estimated excess mortality in 2024 using a negative binomial model trained on 2010-2019 data.

Prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among healthcare workers in the Gaza strip.

The increased workload and constant fear for life can cause significant stress and depression among healthcare workers (HCWs). The aim of this study was to measure psychological stress, depression, and their causes in HCWs who practiced in the Gaza strip since the 2023 Israel-Gaza war. We conducted a cross-sectional survey between April 2024 and January 2025 for Palestinian and international HCWs who practiced in the Gaza strip after October 7, 2023.

What influences how physicians frame information for patients? An explorative quantitative study on hospital interactions from different specialties.

Background: Physicians frame medical information for patients in different ways, impacting patient outcomes. What underlies their framing choices has not been investigated.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the use and function of information framing practices in medical interactions.

Antipsychotic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess antipsychotic medication non-adherence among patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia, and to explore its associated factors based on the Multidimensional Adherence Model.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling enrolled 406 schizophrenia patients from July 17 to August 25, 2023. Data collection included medication non-adherence, sociodemographic factors, patient-related factors, therapy-related factors, condition-related factors, and healthcare system-related factors.

Cross-border dialogue: An international survey of regulators on phage therapy.

With antimicrobial resistance as a worldwide public health concern, bacteriophage (phage) therapy (PT) may help treat bacterial infections. However, given its particularities compared with traditional small molecule drugs, there are variations in how it is regulated worldwide. Regulators are key players governing PT, yet their perspectives have been largely unexplored.

Match and Training Injuries Sustained by Professional Male Rugby Union Players in Scotland.

Rugby union ('rugby') is a full-contact sport, with previous studies across the globe reporting a high incidence of injury. However, no injury surveillance study of professional male players in Scotland exists in contemporary literature. The current study therefore aimed to describe the incidence, severity, burden and nature of match and training injuries sustained by male professional club rugby players in Scotland.

An assessment of occupational exposure to inhalable aerosols and airborne proteins in food manufacturing plants.

As the range of allergens continues to expand and the food industry evolves, there is a growing need for more efficient, affordable, and comprehensive methods to monitor protein exposures. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of inhalable aerosols and soluble proteins (SP) in food manufacturing environments. Additionally, the study sought to optimize the extraction methods for determining SP across diverse food matrices.

Circulating metabolites in patients with chronic heart failure are not related to gut leakage or gut dysbiosis.

Background: The gut microbiota produces numerous metabolites that can enter the circulation and exert effects outside the gut. Several studies have reported altered gut microbiota composition and circulating metabolites in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) compared to healthy controls. Limited data is available on the interplay between dysbiotic features of the gut microbiota and altered circulating metabolites in HF patients.

Fixed-Duration Epcoritamab Plus R2 Drives Favorable Outcomes in Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma.

Epcoritamab is a subcutaneous CD3xCD20 bispecific antibody approved as monotherapy for relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL). We evaluated fixed-duration epcoritamab with rituximab plus lenalidomide (R2) in R/R FL in arm 2 of EPCORE® NHL-2 (phase 1b/2; NCT04663347). Patients received epcoritamab (2 step-up doses, then 48-mg full doses) for up to 2 years and R2 for up to 12 cycles (28 days/cycle).

Published Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Imatinib Perform Poorly on TDM Data from Pediatric Patients.

Background: Population pharmacokinetic models can potentially provide suggestions for an initial dose and the magnitude of dose adjustment during therapeutic drug monitoring procedures of imatinib. Several population pharmacokinetic models for imatinib have been developed over the last two decades. However, their predictive performance is still unknown when extrapolated to different populations, especially children.

The go/no-go successive matching task and the emergence of arbitrary relational responding: A review.

Go/no-go successive matching (GNG-matching) tasks are one of several procedures used to establish conditional discriminations. This study presents a systematic review aimed at comparing procedures and outcomes of empirical studies using GNG-matching tasks for the emergence of symmetry, transitive, and global equivalence relations in humans and non-humans. A total of 22 articles were analyzed-nine with nonhumans and thirteen with humans.

Diversity and assembly mechanisms of zooplankton communities in freshwater aquaculture ponds.

Unlabelled: Ecological succession is vital for forecasting ecosystem responses to environmental changes and their future states. Zooplankton, a primary natural food source in aquaculture, plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem function. Thus, understanding how zooplankton communities respond to environmental changes is essential for economic and ecological outcomes.

International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) consensus statement on training and testing in competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders.

To enhance performance, increase resilience and prevent injuries, training and testing (T&T) are the most important strategies for preparing athletes for the demands of their sport. However, for competitive snow sports such as alpine skiing, freestyle skiing and snowboarding, there is little evidence and a lack of international harmonisation of current best practices. This consensus statement, commissioned by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS), aims to provide recommendations for the physical and psychological T&T of competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders within National Ski and Snowboard Associations.