Preclinical Ischemic Stroke Multicenter (PRISM) Trials Collective Statement: Opportunities, Challenges, and Recommendations for a New Era.

Preclinical stroke research faces a critical translational gap, with animal studies failing to reliably predict clinical efficacy. To address this, the field is moving toward rigorous, multicenter preclinical randomized controlled trials (mpRCTs) that mimic phase 3 clinical trials in several key components. This collective statement, derived from experts involved in mpRCTs, outlines considerations for designing and executing such trials.

Clinical Role of the Noninvasive Abdominal Fetal ECG in the Detection and Monitoring of Fetal Tachycardia.

Background: Fetal tachycardias can cause adverse fetal outcomes including ventricular dysfunction, hydrops, and fetal demise. Postnatally, ECG is the gold standard, but, in fetal practice, echocardiography is used most frequently to diagnose and monitor fetal arrhythmias. Noninvasive extraction of the fetal ECG (fECG) may provide additional information about the electrophysiological mechanism and monitoring of intermittent arrhythmias.

It's Hey Jude, not Hey Jade: Input Variation and the Emergence of the Infant Lexicon.

A growing literature explores the representational detail of infants' early lexical representations, but no study has investigated how exposure to real-life acoustic-phonetic variation impacts these representations. Indeed, previous experimental work with young infants has largely ignored the impact of accent exposure on lexical development. We ask how routine exposure to accent variation affects 6-month-olds' ability to detect mispronunciations.

Fungi as Food.

Fungi are essential for a wide variety of food products and processes. They have a major role in the production of many fermented foodstuffs, may be eaten directly as fruit bodies and mycelium, and are used to produce food additives. They contribute to food production worldwide, even in cultures which do not typically consume mushrooms, because yeasts and edible moulds are utilised in a great variety of fermentation processes.

Hippocampal Cofilin and CFL1 gene variants are linked to Alcohol Use Disorder phenotypes.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by pathological motivation to consume alcohol and cognitive inflexibility, leading to excessive alcohol seeking and use. In this study, we investigated the molecular correlates of impaired extinction of alcohol seeking during forced abstinence using a mouse model of AUD in the automated IntelliCage social system. This model distinguished AUD-prone and AUD-resistant animals based on the presence of ≥2 or <2 criteria of AUD, respectively.

Probing non-equilibrium topological order on a quantum processor.

Out-of-equilibrium phases in many-body systems constitute a new paradigm in quantum matter-they exhibit dynamical properties that may otherwise be forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics. Among these non-equilibrium phases are periodically driven (Floquet) systems, which are generically difficult to simulate classically because of their high entanglement. Here we realize a Floquet topologically ordered state theoretically proposed in ref.

ABO blood group antigens influence host-microbe interactions and risk of early spontaneous preterm birth.

The mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota shape spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) risk remain poorly defined. Using electronic clinical records data from 74,913 maternities in conjunction with metaxanomic (n = 596) and immune profiling (n = 314) data, we show that the B blood group phenotype associates with increased risk of sPTB and adverse vaginal microbiota composition. The O blood group associates with sPTB in women who have a combination of a previous history of sPTB, an adverse vaginal microbial composition and pro-inflammatory cervicovaginal milieu.

The Accommodation of Excess Charge in Binary Particle Lattices: A Many-Body Electrostatic Study.

Many binary particle lattices are fabricated from charged particles on the assumption that the resultant structure is overall charge neutral. Results presented here from calculations on nine separate particle lattice types show that when both Coulomb and many-body multipole electrostatic interactions are taken into account, a lattice can actually gain stability by accommodating a small excess charge, either positive or negative. This effect arises from an increase in stability due to charge-induced multipole interactions, which serve to counteract destabilizing interactions that arise from repulsive Coulomb forces.

Auxin uptake in molecular detail.

Specific accumulation of auxin contributes to the regulation of many developmental processes. Auxin uptake is mediated by AUX1 (AUXIN1) and LAX (Like-AUX1) proteins, but their mechanism of action has been unclear. Recent studies by Yang et al.

Paternal factors affecting under-five immunization status in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

While maternal influences on childhood immunization have been extensively studied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), paternal socioeconomic factors remain underexplored despite their potential impact on vaccination outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize current evidence on the influence of paternal characteristics on full childhood immunization status in SSA. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus for studies published between January 2014 and March 2025.

Principles of Industry-Academic Partnerships Informed by Digital Mental Health Collaboration: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Cross-sector collaboration is increasingly recognized as essential for addressing complex health challenges, including those in mental health. Industry-academic partnerships play a vital role in advancing research and developing health solutions, yet differing priorities and perspectives can make collaboration complex.

Objective: This study aimed to identify key principles to support effective industry-academic partnerships, from the perspective of industry partners, and develop this into actionable guidance, which can be applied across sectors.

Deep feature engineering for accurate sperm morphology classification using CBAM-enhanced ResNet50.

Background And Objective: Male fertility assessment through sperm morphology analysis remains a critical component of reproductive health evaluation, as abnormal sperm morphology is strongly correlated with reduced fertility rates and poor assisted reproductive technology outcomes. Traditional manual analysis performed by embryologists is time-intensive, subjective, and prone to significant inter-observer variability, with studies reporting up to 40% disagreement between expert evaluators. This research presents a novel deep learning framework combining Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) with ResNet50 architecture and advanced deep feature engineering (DFE) techniques for automated, objective sperm morphology classification.

Constraints on Primordial Magnetic Fields from the Lyman-α Forest.

We present the first constraints on primordial magnetic fields from the Lyman-α forest using full cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. At the scales and redshifts probed by the data, the flux power spectrum is extremely sensitive to the extra power induced by primordial magnetic fields in the linear matter power spectrum, at a scale that we parametrize with k_{peak}. We rely on a set of more than a quarter million flux models obtained by varying thermal and reionization histories and cosmological parameters.

Distinct cerebellar networks underpin clinical improvement in adolescent Tourette disorder.

Adolescence is frequently called the second brain maturation period. In Tourette disorder (TD), the clinical trajectory of tics and associated psychiatric co-morbidities vary significantly across individuals during the transition from adolescents to adulthood. In this study, we aimed to identify patterns of resting-state functional connectivity that differentiate adolescents with TD from their neurotypical peers, and to monitor symptom-specific functional changes over time.

Maintaining independence at home after a fall: a process evaluation of the MAINTAIN multicomponent intervention for people living with dementia.

Background: People with dementia who have a fall can experience both physical and psychological effects, often leading to diminished independence. Falls impose economic costs on the healthcare system. Despite elevated fall risks in dementia populations, evidence supporting effective home-based interventions remains limited.

Recyclable Multifunctional Ionic Liquids for Sustainable Electroorganic Oxidations.

The study of electrochemical oxidations has wide-ranging implications, from the development of new electrocatalysts for fuel cells for energy conversion, to the synthesis of fine chemicals. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) has been used for decades as a sustainable, metal-free mediator for chemical oxidations and is now being used for electrochemical oxidations. We describe here a novel approach to TEMPO-mediated electrooxidations, in which the chemical input and waste generated during electrooxidations of alcohols are minimized by using a multifunctional room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) to facilitate flow electrosynthesis.

Ethnicity and the epidemiology of skin cancer incidence: a national retrospective population-based study in England, 2013-20.

Introduction: Skin cancers primarily affect people of White ethnicity and lighter skin tones, but people of other ethnicities may face diagnostic delays and experience higher mortality, reflecting existing inequities in healthcare. This is the first study showing incidence data from the National Disease Registration Service (NDRS) cancer registry in England for skin cancers stratified by the seven broad ethnic groups.

Methods: We used data from NDRS from 2013-20 to analyse melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and Kaposi sarcoma (KS).

Biosynthetic ε-poly-L-lysine for the treatment of extensively- and pan-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) represents a major cause of antimicrobial resistance-related morbidity and mortality. The recent emergence of highly fatal infections, caused by carbapenem-resistant PA, has called for novel antimicrobial therapies and strategies. In this study, we highlight the therapeutic potential of ε-poly-L-lysine (εPL), an antimicrobial polymer for treating extensively-and pan-drug-resistant-PA.

Novel Thermal Modification of Phosphate Tailings for Enhanced Heavy Metals Immobilization in Soil.

Recent interest in amendments derived from industrial by-products has highlighted their potential for both resource recycling and heavy metal remediation. Phosphate tailings (PT), primarily dolomite-based solid waste with low utilization rates, offer a promising yet underexplored solution. This study pioneers the thermal modification of PT into a novel amendment, thermally modified phosphate tailings (TPT), to assess its adsorption performance, underlying mechanisms, and effectiveness in immobilizing heavy metals in soils.

AHL-based QS signalling promotes uropathogenic Escherichia coli settlement through the de-repression of biofilm formation by SdiA.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are among the first pathogens to colonise in catheter and non-catheter-associated urinary tract infections. However, these infections are often polymicrobial, resulting in multi-species infections that persist by forming biofilms. Living within these highly antimicrobial tolerant communities, bacteria can establish intra- and inter-specific interactions, including quorum sensing (QS)-mediated signalling mechanisms, which play a key role in biofilm establishment and maturation.

Characterisation of dynamic changes in nutritional components and aroma compound formation in natto during fermentation and post-ripening.

Fermentation and post-ripening plays a significant role in shaping the nutritional value, taste, and aroma of natto. This study aimed to analyse nutritional trends in natto during fermentation and ripening, identify its characteristic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and elucidate their formation pathways. VOCs were detected using HS-GC-IMS combined with sensory evaluation in the study.

Presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses in eyes with corneal conditions: an update.

Purpose Of Review: Modern presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses (IOLs) offer a potential solution to address the rising postoperative demand and expectations for spectacle independence following cataract surgery. However, IOL calculation and selection becomes more complex when presented with previous corneal refractive surgery (CRS) or co-existing corneal conditions. This review explores the use of presbyopia-correcting IOLs in eyes with co-existing corneal conditions or surgically altered corneas.

Do turtles get cancer?

Turtles are renowned for their extreme longevity and tremendous range in body size. Theoretically, large, long-lived organisms should face higher cancer risks because of increased cell numbers and lifetime cellular turnover, yet cancer appears to be exceptionally rare in turtles. In the present article, we synthesize the current knowledge on cancer prevalence in turtles, drawing from zoo necropsies, pathology reports, and comparative oncology studies, and present new data spanning additional species that reinforce this pattern.

The Zwicker tone as a model to investigate auditory processing and tinnitus: a scoping review.

The Zwicker tone (ZT) is an auditory illusion experienced by about 50% of the population immediately following a presentation of notched noise (NN). It is a faint, quickly decaying pure tone, the frequency of which falls within the range of the notch. Interestingly, although only half of the general population can perceive ZTs, one study has shown that almost everyone with tinnitus can perceive them.

The maturation of spinal dorsal horn nociceptive neuronal network activity over the postnatal period.

Introduction: The dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord is physiologically immature at birth. Spinal excitability increases and wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in lamina V have lowered activation thresholds and larger receptive field sizes.

Objective: The DH is composed of 5 laminae containing diverse interneuronal populations yet our understanding of the physiology of the DH is based on behavioural studies or extrapolation of single cell WDR recordings to the whole network.