Mixed-Length Multivariate Covalent Organic Framework for Combined Near-Infrared Photodynamic Therapy and Drug Delivery.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been emerging as versatile reticular materials due to their tunable structures and functionalities, enabled by precise molecular engineering at the atomic level. While the integration of multiple components into COFs has substantially expanded their structural complexity, the strategic engineering of diverse functionalities within a single framework the random distribution of linkers with varying lengths remains largely unexplored. Here, we report a series of highly crystalline mixed-length multivariate COFs synthesized using azobenzene and bipyridine as linkers, where tuning the ratio of linkers and incorporating palladium effectively modulates the balance between near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and catalytic sites for NIR-generation of hydrogen peroxide (HO).

Draft genome sequences of , a species of strict anaerobic beer spoiling cocci.

The only two commercially available strains of were cultivated and their genomes sequenced. As recurring beer spoiling bacteria, they cause unwanted turbidity and unpleasant odors. Their genomes harbor a number of putative defense mechanisms explaining their much-needed resilience to survive in the brewing environment.

From flux analysis to self contained cellular models.

Mathematical models for cellular systems have become more and more important for understanding the complex interplay between metabolism, signalling, and gene expression.In this manuscript, starting from the well-known flux balance analysis, tools and methods are summarised and illustrated by various examples that describe the way to models with kinetics for individual reactions steps that are finally self-contained. While flux analysis requires known (measured) input fluxes, self-contained (or self-sustained) models only get information on concentrations of environmental components.

Tailored SirReal-type inhibitors enhance SIRT2 inhibition through ligand stabilization and disruption of NAD co-factor binding.

Human sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is an NAD dependant enzyme that has been linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases, making it a promising target for pharmaceutical intervention. This study presents a systematic investigation on the inhibitory effects of SIRT2 inhibitors functionalized with diverse electrophilic functional groups. Guided by initial docking studies, we designed and synthesised 14 derivatives of two published potent lead structures 24a and SirReal2.

The Impact of Glacial Disturbance History Upon the Genetic Diversity of and in Europe and Implications for Conservation.

Historically, the thick-shelled river mussel ( agg. complex) was considered a single, widespread species across Europe. However, recent phylogenetic taxonomic revisions have delineated 12 species from this complex, including (s.

From large language models to multimodal AI: a scoping review on the potential of generative AI in medicine.

Unlabelled: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as diffusion models and OpenAI's ChatGPT, are transforming medicine by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and automating clinical workflows. The field has advanced rapidly, evolving from text-only large language models for tasks such as clinical documentation and decision support to multimodal AI systems capable of integrating diverse data modalities, including imaging, text, and structured data, within a single model. The diverse landscape of these technologies, along with rising interest, highlights the need for a comprehensive review of their applications and potential.

Genital microbiota in infertile couples.

Research Question: What is the composition of bacterial communities at various genital sites and are there potential interactions between partners' microbiota?

Design: This observational study involved metagenomic analyses of samples collected from male and female partners of couples undergoing fertility treatment. Samples included vaginal and penile swabs, as well as follicular fluid and semen, which were analysed using next-generation sequencing.

Results: The bacterial community profiles of different genital tract niches were distinct, niche-specific compositions, with female samples predominantly featuring Lactobacillus species and male samples displaying greater microbial diversity, including genital-specific and skin-associated taxa.

Abdominal simultaneous 3D water T and T mapping using a free-breathing Cartesian acquisition with spiral profile ordering.

Purpose: To develop a method for abdominal simultaneous 3D water ( ) and ( ) mapping with isotropic resolution using a free-breathing Cartesian acquisition with spiral profile ordering (CASPR) at 3 T.

Methods: The proposed data acquisition combines a Look-Locker scheme with the modified BIR-4 adiabatic preparation pulse for simultaneous and mapping. CASPR is employed for efficient and flexible k-space sampling at isotropic resolution during free breathing.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: Principles and advanced techniques.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is an established non-invasive tool for the assessment of cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death globally. CMR provides dynamic and static multi-contrast and multi-parametric images, including cine for functional evaluation, contrast-enhanced imaging and parametric mapping for tissue characterization, and MR angiography for the assessment of the aortic, coronary and pulmonary circulation. However, clinical CMR imaging sequences still have some limitations such as the requirement for multiple breath-holds, incomplete spatial coverage, complex planning and acquisition, low scan efficiency and long scan times.

First clinical application of silicon-based [¹⁸F]siPSMA-14 in prostate cancer patients: A proof-of-concept study.

Silicon-based ligands are of interest in increasingly used Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) tracers for prostate cancer (PCa) staging due to their simple and scalable production. Here, we present first data on dosimetry and biodistribution of the novel PSMA-specific tracer [¹⁸F]siPSMA-14.Seven PCa patients referred for PSMA-PET/CT imaging were imaged at 60 and 120 min p.

Habitat functions of freshwater mussel shells for riverine macroinvertebrates.

Freshwater mussels are keystone species in aquatic ecosystems and the presence of living mussels can enhance ambient macroinvertebrate biodiversity. However, due to a lack of empirical data, the functional role of dead freshwater mussel shells as habitat for other species remains unclear. Drawing primarily from research in marine ecosystems, we hypothesized that mussel shells enrich riverbed structure by providing diverse microhabitats, especially for macroinvertebrates.

Perioperative Collagen IV-Targeted Ac2-26 Nanoparticles Enhance Anastomotic Healing in Acute Crohn's Disease-Like Colitis: A Preclinical Study on Systemic, Oral, and Rectal Delivery Routes.

Objective: This preclinical study investigates a novel targeted collagen type IV nanoparticle formulation, Ac2-26 coated with chitosan and pectin ((pc)-Col-IV-Ac2-26-NPs), to promote anastomotic healing in a model of acute Crohn's disease (CD) with distal colo-colonic anastomosis, using intraperitoneal, oral and rectal delivery to optimize therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic immunosuppression.

Summary Background Data: Surgery remains critical for CD-patients due to irreversible tissue damage, with anti-inflammatory therapies increasing the risk of postoperative complications like anastomotic leaks.

Method: Female BALB/c mice (n=152) with CD-like colitis (2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid) were randomized to receive (pc)-Col-IV-Ac2-26-NPs or scrambled NPs intraperitoneally, orally, or rectally every 3.

AlphaMissense prediction for the evaluation of missense variants in the diagnostic setting of neuromuscular disorders.

Next-generation sequencing has improved diagnostic outcomes for neuromuscular disorders, but interpreting rare missense variants remains challenging. We evaluated AlphaMissense, a recently developed machine learning tool, for predicting missense variant pathogenicity, using 45 (likely) pathogenic variants and 21 variants of uncertain significance from 58 deeply phenotyped patients. AlphaMissense predicted 69% of pathogenic variants correctly, but also classified 62% of variants of uncertain significance as pathogenic.

Impact of bleeding and thrombosis on outcome of 945 COVID-19 VV-ECMO cases from a German registry.

Unlabelled: Bleeding and thromboembolic events (BTE) increase the mortality of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The current analysis aimed to assess frequency and determinants of BTE according to their location and severity in a retrospective analysis of the German ECMO COVID-19 registry. Logistic regression was applied to identify factors influencing ICU survival as well as variables associated with risks of BTE.

Bright Thermo-resilient and Promiscuous Zombie Protein for Lighting Applications.

Proteins are at the forefront of materials science, with implementations in optical, electrical, and structural materials for transformative and sustainable technologies. Within the biohybrid light-emitting diode (BioHLED) concept, replacing toxic and/or rare photon filters with classical β-barrel fluorescent proteins (FPs) that must withstand irradiation, temperature, oxidation, and dehydration stress, the question if FPs from extremophiles and/or living fossils might be better for lighting applications arises. We addressed this by introducing a thermostable prokaryotic FP, whose inherent promiscuity enables the design of tunable emitting proteins.

Characterization of Bitter Off-Taste Stimuli in Sunflower Press Cake Using the Sensomics Approach.

The Sensomics approach, including activity-guided fractionation and taste dilution analysis, was employed to identify the key compounds responsible for the bitter off-taste of sunflower press cake. A combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry, one-/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and dose-overthreshold factor calculation led to the identification of 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid, 9,10,11-trihydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid, 11,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid, (10,12)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, (10,12)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, 2-hydroxyoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and novel pinocarveol β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-(4--caffeoyl) glucopyranoside as contributors to the bitterness of sunflower press cake. The findings provide valuable insights into the sensory challenges associated with using sunflower press cake in food applications and offer pathways to enhance its palatability and potential as a sustainable protein alternative to meet future protein demands.

Efficacy of Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) in uncommon subtypes of primary kidney cancer: An analysis from the International Radiosurgery Oncology Consortium of the Kidney.

Background: While stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is associated with excellent local control for primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), outcomes based on clear-cell (ccRCC) and non-clear cell (nccRCC) histologies are not well defined.

Methods And Materials: Individual data of adult patient with biopsy confirmed primary RCC receiving SABR between 2007 and 2021 from 16 institutions in Australia, Canda, Germany, Japan and USA pooled. Patients with metastatic disease or upper tract urothelial carcinoma were excluded.

A redundant system of thioredoxin and glutathione is essential for pancreatic acinar integrity.

Background & Aims: Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, there is a notable lack of in vivo experimental evidence clarifying their precise role.

Methods: We generated and analyzed mice with a pancreas-specific deletion of Txnrd1 (Txnrd1).

Entangled cellular and molecular relationships at the sensory neuron-cancer interface.

Peripheral sensory neurons, once regarded merely as a passive route for nociceptive signals, are now acknowledged as active participants in solid tumor progression. This review explores how sensory neurons influence and are influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) through both chemical and electrical signaling, underscoring their pivotal role in the emerging field of cancer neuroscience. We summarize recent findings indicating that cancer-neuron interactions vary among different organs and experimental models, highlighting the ways in which various tumors recruit and reprogram sensory neurons to establish mutual communication loops that foster malignancy.

From histology to diagnosis: Leveraging pathology foundation models for glioma classification.

The fifth edition of the WHO classification of brain tumors increasingly emphasizes the role of extensive genetic testing in the diagnosis of gliomas. In this context, computational pathology foundation models (FMs) present a promising approach for inferring molecular entities directly from conventional, H&E-stained histological images, potentially reducing the need for genetic analysis. We conducted a robust investigation into the ability of five established FMs to generate effective embeddings for downstream glioma classification using three datasets (TCGA, n=839 samples; EBRAINS, n=786 samples; TUM, n=250 samples) and state-of-the-art augmentation techniques.

Myeloid sarcoma shows a high frequency of mutations activating the MAPK/ERK pathway and association with clonal hematopoiesis.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a mass-forming extramedullary manifestation of myeloid blasts, either in relation to an underlying acute myeloid leukemia (AML), another myeloid neoplasm (MN) or as a de novo occurrence. Data on the genetic profile of MS are sparse. In this study, 41 MS of 34 patients, including 7 de novo cases and 24 patients with antecedent or synchronous MN, were analyzed with targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), RNA-based fusion detection, and gene expression profiling (GEP).

Gpu-accelerated JEMRIS for extensive MRI simulations.

Purpose: To enable accelerated Bloch simulations by enhancing the open-source multi-purpose MRI simulation tool JEMRIS with graphic processing units (GPU) parallelization.

Methods: A GPU-compatible version of JEMRIS was built by shifting the computationally expensive parallelizable processes to the GPU to benefit from heterogeneous computing and by adding asynchronous communication and mixed precision support. With key classes reimplemented in CUDA C++, the developed GPU-JEMRIS framework was tested on simulations of common MRI artifacts in numerical phantoms.