The role of high-protein diets in the management of glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose Of Review: Type 2 diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease with dietary treatment often recommended as the first line management strategy. Whilst caloric restriction remains the most-effective means of obtaining diabetes remission, high-protein diets (25-35% of energy intake) have garnered interest for their potential role in optimizing postprandial and longer-term glycaemic control. High-protein diets are not currently an established recommendation for people with diabetes and here we discuss the recent evidence for high-protein diets and glycaemic control.

Components of Family-Focused Interventions that Have Common Impacts Across Parental Domestic Violence and Abuse, Mental Ill-Health, and Substance Misuse: An Intervention Components Analysis.

Support for families experiencing domestic violence and abuse (DVA), mental ill-health (MH) and substance misuse (SU) is often delivered in siloes, despite the frequent co-occurrence of these public health issues. Little evidence-based guidance exists on which interventions best support families experiencing a combination of these problems. Identifying intervention components with common impacts across parental DVA, MH and SU could inform policy and practice.

What Are the Mechanisms Underpinning Intergenerational Transmission of Violence Perpetration? A Realist Review.

Successive generations are more likely to carry out acts of violence in households where an individual has either perpetrated or been subjected to violence. While research to date has mostly concentrated on direct associations between violence experience or perpetration in generation 1 and violence perpetration in generation 2, there is limited evidence regarding the underlying mechanisms of the transmission of intergenerational violence perpetration. We conducted a realist review to adjudicate theories of the underlying mechanisms of intergenerational violence perpetration.

Raised levels of Interleukin-8 and myeloperoxidase in patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Raised levels of circulating interleukin-8 (IL-8) were reported in adults and children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we measured IL-8 and IL-8 receptor expression levels in the pancreas, and IL-8 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the serum of recent-onset T1D versus controls.

Methods: Pancreatic samples from donors with T1D within 2 years of diagnosis and from non-diabetic controls were obtained from a diabetes biobank.

Optimising the delivery and impacts of interventions to improve hospital doctors' workplace wellbeing in the NHS: The Care Under Pressure 3 realist evaluation study.

Background: The key role of medical workforce well-being in the delivery of excellent and equitable care is recognised internationally. However, doctors are known to experience significant mental ill health and erosion of their well-being due to challenging demands and pressurised work environments. Existing workplace support strategies often have limited effect and do not consider the multiple factors contributing to poor well-being in doctors (e.

Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a significant feature of COXPD-24 caused by recessive NARS2 variants.

Background: Recessive loss-of-function NARS2 variants causing the multi-system disorder Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 24 (COXPD24) have recently been reported in 3 individuals with diabetes diagnosed between 3 days and 14 months of age. In this study, we investigate the presence of NARS2 variants in a large cohort of individuals with early-onset diabetes.

Methods: We used genome and targeted next-generation sequencing to screen for rare, coding biallelic NARS2 variants in a cohort of 397 individuals diagnosed with diabetes <24 months of age of unknown genetic cause.

Associations between adverse childhood experiences and vascular indicators of atherosclerosis measured in childhood and early to mid-adulthood: A systematic review.

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences are associated with impaired vascular function and cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, but mechanisms remain unclear. This systematic review assessed associations between adverse childhood experiences and vascular indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis, including the effects of mediating or moderating variables.

Methods: Searches were conducted through May 2024.

Transfer learning with graph neural networks for pressure estimation in monitoring-limited water distribution networks.

Water distribution networks (WDNs) constitute essential urban infrastructure, yet their monitoring is hindered by limited monitoring conditions. Soft sensing methods have been applied to estimate pressure at unmonitored nodes using the latest deep learning models, however, they rely on large datasets from the same WDNs for training. There is a critical gap in pressure estimation of WDNs under realistic monitoring limitations.

Levetiracetam in epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder: analysis of safety, tolerability, and efficacy.

Purpose: One in five people with autism spectrum disorder have epilepsy and take Anti-Seizure Medications (ASM). However, the impact of ASM on people with autism is under researched. This study evaluates the efficacy and tolerability of Levetiracetam (LEV) for autistic people and epilepsy.

Effects of Oral Anthocyanin Supplementation on In Vitro Neurogenesis, Hippocampus-Dependent Cognition, and Blood-Based Dementia Biomarkers: Results from a 24-Week Randomized Controlled Trial in Older Adults At Risk for Dementia (ACID).

Background: Identifying compounds with neuroprotective properties that target the neurogenic process will have a considerable impact on dementia prevention.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a 24-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled anthocyanin supplementation trial in 181 participants. Using blood-derived serum collected during this trial, we treated hippocampal progenitor cells and analysed the ensuing cellular changes in the context of the participant's clinical and blood-based biomarker data.

Including the Magnitude Variability of a Signal in the Ordinal Pattern Analysis.

One of the most popular and innovative methods to analyse signals is by using Ordinal Patterns (OPs). The OP encoding is based on transforming a (univariate) signal into a symbolic sequence of OPs, where each OP represents the number of permutations needed to order a small subset of the signal's magnitudes. This implies that OPs are conceptually clear, methodologically simple to implement, and robust to noise, and that they can be applied to short signals.

Roots and Shoots: A Pilot Parallel Randomised Controlled Trial Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Nature-Based Self-Help Intervention for Low Wellbeing.

The burden of depression is a public health concern, and traditional treatment approaches to mental health alone may be insufficient. The effects of contact with nature on wellbeing have been shown to reduce stress and improve mood, emotional wellbeing and mental health difficulties. Thus, self-guided nature-based interventions (NBIs) present a promising approach to improving mental health and wellbeing.

Second cancers in 475 000 women with early invasive breast cancer diagnosed in England during 1993-2016: population based observational cohort study.

Objective: To describe long term risks of second non-breast primary cancers and contralateral breast cancers among women with early invasive breast cancer after primary surgery.

Design: Population based observational cohort study.

Setting: Routinely collected data from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service for England.

HIP Surgical Techniques to Enhance Rehabilitation (HIPSTER) : a single-centre, double-blind, parallel three-arm, randomized-controlled, superiority trial.

Aims: The primary aim of this trial is to investigate whether two novel robotic-assisted tendon-sparing posterior approaches to total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgery, the piriformis-sparing posterior approach (PSPA) and the spare piriformis and internus, repair externus technique (SPAIRE), improve early patient outcomes in THA compared with a robotic-assisted standard posterior approach (PA).

Methods: HIP Surgical Techniques to Enhance Rehabilitation (HIPSTER) is a single-centre, double-blind, parallel three-arm, individually randomized, controlled, superiority trial. A total of 309 participants aged over 18 years who have been listed for an elective THA will be recruited.

Quantifying coral reef accretion in a changing world: approaches, challenges and emerging opportunities.

The long-term development of coral reef frameworks and the net vertical accretion of reefs fundamentally underpins the provisioning of most reef-related ecosystem services. One area of particular concern at present is how rates of reef accretion are changing under ecological decline and what the consequences of this may be for the capacity of reefs to keep pace with near-future sea-level rise (SLR). This may have major implications for the capacity of reefs to maintain their coastal protective functions and to support reef island stability.

Nitrogen status exerts dynamic control over phosphorus sensing and acquisition via PSR1 in colimited marine diatoms.

Nutrient availability controls phytoplankton growth in aquatic ecosystems globally. Phytoplankton frequently experience a limiting supply of multiple nutrients simultaneously (colimitation). Ocean warming is predicted to exacerbate marine nutrient limitation.

PTP1B deficiency in myeloid cells increases susceptibility to systemic infection by modulating antifungal immunity.

Invasive candidiasis, primarily caused by , poses a significant threat to immunocompromised patients, with high mortality rates. Understanding how immune responses to are mounted and controlled is fundamental to developing new therapeutic strategies. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a regulator of immunoreceptor signaling and downstream inflammatory and metabolic responses and a pharmaceutical target.

External validation of the COLOFIT colorectal cancer risk prediction model in the Oxford-FIT dataset: the importance of population characteristics and clinically relevant evaluation metrics.

Background: A faecal immunochemical test (FIT) result ≥ 10 µg/g is recommended in the UK to triage patients with symptoms of colorectal cancer (CRC) in primary care for urgent cancer investigation. The COLOFIT model combining FIT results with demographics and blood tests was developed to reduce the proportion of people referred without CRC. This study aims to externally validate the COLOFIT using data from Oxford University Hospitals (OUH).

Whole-body connectome of a segmented annelid larva.

Nervous systems coordinate effectors across the body during movements. We know little about the cellular-level structure of synaptic circuits for such body-wide control. Here, we describe the whole-body synaptic connectome of a segmented larva of the marine annelid .

Do cognitively based medical selection assessment scores predict doctors' clinical competency? A protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: Internationally, medical schools increasingly use cognitively based selection assessments to select applicants. These tests evaluate cognitive performance and show some predictive validity for academic attainment during medical school, often incremental to that provided by secondary school grades. However, their use imposes burdens on applicants and institutions.

Web-Based Assessment of Cognition and Dementia Risk Factors in Over 3000 Norwegian Adults Aged 50 Years and Older: Cross-Sectional PROTECT Norge Study.

Background: With the growing number of older adults in the Norwegian population and the associated rapid rise in dementia and cognitive impairment, novel and more efficient methodologies are needed to facilitate research, improve diagnostic triage, and deliver effective brain health interventions in the community. Platform for Research Online to Investigate Genetics and Cognition in Ageing Norge (PROTECT Norge) is a web-based, remote research platform on the aging brain, culturally adapted from the UK PROTECT study, incorporating a Norwegian cohort of adults aged 50 years and older, where participants complete study activities via a dedicated website. Data were collected through study activities, which included self-reported questionnaires and a computerized neuropsychological test battery.

Structured Expert Elicitation to Inform Long-Term Survival Extrapolations in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: In the absence of long-term data, structured expert elicitation gathers expert judgments and associated uncertainties to assess the clinical plausibility of long-term extrapolations.

Objective: The objective of this study was to obtain expert estimates of expected long-term outcomes for advanced renal cell carcinoma treatments to inform cost-effectiveness analysis for National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)'s pathways pilot.

Methods: Using materials from the structured expert elicitation resources (STEER) repository, aligned with the Medical Research Council (MRC) protocol, the exercise was planned and conducted.

Interference of Malassezia restricta in the invasion of Staphylococcus aureus into human keratinocytes.

The human skin is a crucial defense system, protecting against external stressors. However, the skin also hosts various microorganisms that impact skin health and disease. Therefore, the polymicrobial interaction in the skin is particularly interesting since it can significantly influence alterations in the virulence traits of microbes and the immune responses of the hosts.