Harnessing Flowering Bund Plants Through Ecological Engineering to Improve Biological Control of Tungro Virus Vectors in Indonesian Rice Fields Agroecosystem.

Ecological engineering (EE) has emerged as a promising strategy for managing insect pests in rice ecosystems by reducing dependency on chemical pesticides. However, the survival of parasitoids and predators in rice habitats is often limited due to a lack of refuge and food sources. While pesticides remain the primary method used by farmers to control green leafhoppers (GLHs), the main vectors of the tungro virus, their overuse poses serious risks to both environmental and human health.

Hominins on Sulawesi during the Early Pleistocene.

The dispersal of archaic hominins beyond mainland Southeast Asia (Sunda) represents the earliest evidence for humans crossing ocean barriers to reach isolated landmasses. Previously, the oldest indication of hominins in Wallacea, the oceanic island zone east of Sunda, comprised flaked stone artefacts deposited at least 1.02 ± 0.

Fundamentals of electrocatalysis and photocatalysis for the remediation of wastewater containing methylene blue.

The textile industry is a significant source of water pollution. Methylene blue (MB) dye from textile effluents is the most visible source and studied treatment method to prevent adverse effects on human health and aquatic systems. Here, we present a comprehensive review on applying photocatalyst-based AOPs and electrocatalysis methods as efficient and environmentally friendly techniques to degrade MB.

Indonesian optimal sarcopenia cutoff values of calf circumference, muscle strength, and physical performance: a multicenter descriptive and cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The prevalence of possible sarcopenia among Indonesian older adults using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus cutoffs was abnormally high compared with reported prevalence in other East Asian countries. This suggests that the current AWGS cutoff values may not be applicable to the Indonesian population as it did not contain reference statistical values based on the local population normative studies. This lack of local data may result in inaccurate assessments and diagnoses of sarcopenia among Indonesian population.

Best practice of gastrointestinal endoscopy during Mpox upsurge: an Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy recommendation.

The emergence of Mpox as a significant zoonotic viral threat presents new challenges in gastrointestinal endoscopy. This article outlines the risk of Mpox transmission during gastrointestinal endoscopy, particularly through respiratory droplets and contact with the mucosal surfaces. Gastrointestinal endoscopy may also facilitate transmission by fomites, as the Mpox virus can persist on medical instruments and surfaces for long periods.

The preclinical and clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cell's secretome in traumatic brain injury: Review of basic science.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents with associated neurologic and vascular damage triggers a chain of events that lead to a secondary brain injury. Proper prevention may limit undesirable outcomes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretome are promising therapeutic agents for a variety of neurological injuries, including TBI, due to their neuroprotective effects.

Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rat with traumatic brain injury after NeuroAid (MLC 901) administration.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages in acute inflammatory processes and plays roles in cell signaling that cause necrosis and apoptosis. This study aimed to show whether there was an effect of Neuroaid (MLC 901) on TNF-α levels in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) measured using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the peripheral blood.

Methods: A total of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, one group was given MLC 901 ( = 5), and the other group was not given MLC 901 (NaCl 0.

A Meta-Learning-Based Ensemble Model for Explainable Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis.

Artificial intelligence (AI) models for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis often face the challenge of limited explainability, hindering their clinical adoption. Previous studies have relied on full-scale MRI, which increases unnecessary features, creating a "black-box" problem in current XAI models. This study proposes an explainable ensemble-based diagnostic framework trained on both clinical data and mid-slice axial MRI from the ADNI and OASIS datasets.

A randomised trial to compare dolutegravir plus boosted darunavir versus recommended standard of care antiretroviral regimens in people with HIV-1, whose first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy has failed: Final 96-week results of the D2EFT study.

Background: Longer-term outcome data following second-line antiretroviral therapy initiation in resource-limited settings is limited, especially in regions where genotypic resistance is inaccessible. This analysis evaluated extended efficacy and tolerability data from the D2EFT study.

Methods: D2EFT is a completed, multicenter, phase IIIB/IV, randomized, open-label trial in 14 low- and middle-income countries.

Deep eutectic solvent-based pretreatment for improved cellulose nanofibrils extraction from sugarcane leaf pulp as bioplastic reinforcers.

Globally, 40 % of fossil-based plastics are used in food packaging, most of which are non-biodegradable, contributing to environmental pollution and potential health risks. This study explores the use of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) from sugarcane leaf pulp as a reinforcing agent in biodegradable agar-based bioplastics, offering a sustainable alternative. CNF was extracted via deep eutectic solvents (DES) with three molar ratios of choline chloride and oxalic acid dihydrate (1:1, 1:2, 2:1), followed by surface modification.

Exploring Clinical Decision-Making Competencies of Emergency Nurses in Trauma Care in Indonesia: Qualitative Study.

Background: Clinical decision-making is vital for emergency nurses, especially in trauma care that requires swift, accurate actions. In Indonesia, where resources are limited, little is known about how nurses manage such challenges.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the clinical decision-making competencies of emergency nurses in trauma care, focusing on challenges, strategies, and influencing factors.

PPE18 and PepA Variations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from Makassar, Indonesia: Challenges for Immune Recognition and Vaccine Development.

Background: The M72/AS01E tuberculosis vaccine candidate, currently on trial in Indonesia, includes PPE18 (Rv1196) and PepA (Rv0125) as key antigens. Genetic variation in these proteins may affect immune recognition and vaccine efficacy. This study aims to analyse the genetic diversity of Rv1196 and Rv0125 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Indonesia and assess the structural and immunological implications using in silico methods.

The Effect of Sex on Active and Latent Tuberculosis Occurrence Based on Mannose-Binding Lectin 2 Gene Expression and Mannose-binding Lectin Plasma Concentration in Indonesia.

Background: Studies on the role of mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) in individuals infected with tuberculosis (TB) remain limited. This study aimed to compare MBL2 gene expression and protein concentration between active and latent TB cases and to assess the influence of sex on these differences.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 39 newly diagnosed active pulmonary TB patients and 25 individuals with latent TB who were household contacts.

Propolis-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carrier of α-Mangostin for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing in Alloxan-Induced Mice.

Introduction: Diabetic wounds present a significant challenge due to delayed healing and susceptibility to infection. Conventional therapies often fall short of achieving complete and timely wound repair. This study investigates the potential of α-mangostin (αM) and its propolis-based nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC-P-αM) formulation as novel therapeutic agents for diabetic wound healing.

Can we involve pharmacists as direct service providers for people with tuberculosis? A narrative review of current evidence.

Background: Effective management of tuberculosis (TB) necessitates the utilization of all available healthcare resources. Despite a paradigm shift in pharmacy practice from a product-centric to a patient-centered model, pharmacists remain underutilized in direct TB care. This narrative review explores the role of pharmacists in TB management, highlighting the effects of direct pharmaceutical care (PC) practices for TB treatment outcomes by identifying challenges and proposing strategic interventions to enhance pharmacists' engagement in TB services.

Development and validation of a psychometric scale for assessing pharmacy students' perceptions and attitudes toward antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship in Indonesia: the PATARAS study.

Appropriate perceptions and attitudes of pharmacists toward antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are essential. However, AMR attitudes and perceptions have not been assessed in Indonesia. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate pharmacy students' Perceptions and Attitudes toward Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship (PATARAS) and investigate the relationship between students' perceptions and attitudes toward antibiotic resistance and stewardship.

Correlation between Antiretroviral Therapy Responses and Resistance to First-Line Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in People Living with HIV-1 Experiencing Virological Failure in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Introduction: The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in treating HIV is in-fluenced by the clinical response of patients, which, in turn, impacts the development of drug resistance. This study aimed to assess the correlation between clinical treatment response and resistance to first-line reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV patients receiving treatment for ≤12 and >12 months in South Sulawesi, a province in Indonesia.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 36 people living with HIV (PLHIV) experiencing viro-logical failure (VF) were sampled from HIV services in the province from August 2022 to January 2023.

Integrative in silico and in vivo Drosophila model studies reveal the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of red radish microgreen extract.

Red radish microgreens (RRM) have gained considerable attention for their promising therapeutic potential. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their bioactivity remain inadequately characterized. This study explores the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of RRM extract using in silico and in vivo Drosophila model analyses.

Influence of nitrate-containing arugula juice on nitrate-reducing oral bacteria and periodontopathogens in smokers' biofilm.

Green leafy vegetables such as arugula are rich in nitrates that support oral health, yet their effects on oral microbial balance, especially in smokers, remain unclear. This study evaluated the survival and activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB; spp. and spp.

Determinants of stroke following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite advances in the field, no systematic review has thoroughly documented the occurrence of stroke following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to stroke occurrence post-PCI in ACS patients.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE identified 2,369 articles.

Antioxidant Metabolite Production from Endophytic Fungi of Mezzetia parviflora Becc.: A Potential Natural Source of Antioxidants.

Background: Ongkea (Mezzetia parviflora Becc.) is a plant species employed as the traditional medicine by the Buton district people in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This traditional use suggests the plant's potential pharmacological activity, which may be associated with its endophytic fungi.

Hypocapnia and its relationship with in-hospital mortality in acute heart failure patients: Insights from the Indonesian multicenter ICCU registry.

Acute heart failure (AHF) presents serious risks for hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) levels and outcomes in AHF patients admitted to the intensive cardiovascular care unit (ICCU), utilizing data from the IndONEsia ICCU Registry (One ICCU Registry). A multicenter retrospective observational study was performed covering data between August 2021-2023.

Dual effects of and on hyperglycemia and infection in .

The coexistence of hyperglycemia and infectious diseases represents a critical global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings where it amplifies disease severity and complicates treatment approaches. Medicinal plants such as and have gained recognition for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making them promising candidates for addressing this double health burden. The aim of this study was to establish a preclinical model of hyperglycemia and infection (HI model) using and to investigate the therapeutic potential of and extracts in alleviating the burden associated with the HI condition.

Comparative predictive value of APACHE-II, SAPS-II and GRACE scores for mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients: Evidence from Indonesia intensive cardiovascular care unit registry.

The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is acknowledged for its ability to predict in-hospital mortality among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, intensive care physicians often employ general prognostic scores such as Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS-II) to predict the mortality of ACS patients. However, their predictive values are not well-determined in predicting mortality in ACS treated in the cardiovascular care unit (CVCU).